Sanibonani nonke! Isifundo siqala namuhla , mayelana nokuthi sibambe iwebhu yewebhu ehambisanayo enikezelwe ekubuyekezweni kwe-ELB. Sibheke izinhlobo zabalinganisi futhi sakha izimo ezimbalwa ze-EC2 ngebhalansi. Siphinde safunda nezinye izibonelo zokusetshenziswa.
, Uzokwenza kanjalo:
- qonda ukuthi i-AWS Load Balancing iyini;
- ukwazi izinhlobo ze-Elastic Load Balancer kanye nezingxenye zayo;
- sebenzisa i-AWS ELB ekusebenzeni kwakho.
Kungani udinga ukwazi lokhu nhlobo?
- kuyasiza uma uhlela ukuthatha izivivinyo zesitifiketi se-AWS;
- lena indlela elula yokusabalalisa umthwalo phakathi kwamaseva;
- Lena indlela elula yokwengeza i-Lambda kusevisi yakho (ALB).
Wenza isifundo esivulekile , unjiniyela wezinhlelo enkampanini yokumaketha yokuthuthukiswa nokusekelwa kwewebhusayithi.
Isingeniso
Ukuthi iyini i-Elastic Load Balancer kungabonakala kumdwebo ongezansi, obonisa isibonelo esilula:
I-Load Balancer yamukela izicelo futhi izisabalalise kuzo zonke izimo. Sinesibonelo esisodwa esihlukile, kukhona imisebenzi ye-Lambda futhi kukhona iqembu le-AutoScaling (iqembu lamaseva).
Izinhlobo ze-AWS ELB
1. Ake sibheke izinhlobo eziyinhloko:
I-Classic Load Balancer. Ibhalansi yokuqala evela ku-AWS, isebenza kuzo zombili izendlalelo ze-OSI 4 no-7, i-HTTP, i-HTTPS, i-TCP ne-SSL ziyasekelwa. Ihlinzeka ngokulinganisa okuyisisekelo komthwalo kuzo zonke izimo eziningi ze-Amazon EC2 futhi isebenza kuwo womabili amazinga esicelo nawokuxhuma. Masiyivule (kugqanyiswe ngokumpunga):
Lesi silinganisi sithathwa njengesiphelelwe yisikhathi, ngakho-ke sinconywa ukuthi sisetshenziswe ezimweni ezithile kuphela. Isibonelo, kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezakhelwe kunethiwekhi ye-EC2‑Classic. Empeleni, akekho osivimbayo ekuyidaleni:
2. Isilinganisi Somthwalo Wenethiwekhi. Ifanele imisebenzi enzima, isebenza ku-OSI Layer 4 (ingasetshenziswa ku-EKS ne-ECS), i-TCP, i-UDP ne-TLS iyasekelwa.
I-Network Load Balancer ihambisa ithrafikhi ezindaweni ezihlosiwe ku-Amazon VPC futhi iyakwazi ukucubungula izigidi zezicelo ngomzuzwana ngokubambezeleka okuphansi kakhulu. Ukwengeza, ilungiselelwe ukuphatha amaphethini wethrafikhi ngemithwalo ezumayo neshintshayo.
3. Isicelo sokulayishwa kwebhalansi. Isebenza kungqimba 7, inokusekelwa kwe-Lambda, isekela unhlokweni nemithetho yezinga lendlela, isekela i-HTTP ne-HTTPS.
Inikeza umzila wesicelo oseqophelweni eliphezulu ogxile ekuletheni izinhlelo zokusebenza ezakhelwe ezakhiweni zesimanjemanje, okuhlanganisa ama-microservices neziqukathi. Iqondisa ithrafikhi kokuhlosiwe e-Amazon VPC ngokusekelwe kokuqukethwe isicelo.
Kubasebenzisi abaningi, I-Application Load Balancer kwaba yinketho yokuqala yokuthatha indawo Yebhalansi Yomthwalo Ojwayelekile, ngoba i-TCP ayivamile njenge-HTTP.
Masiyidale futhi, ngenxa yalokho sizobe sesivele sinezilinganisi ezimbili zomthwalo:
Layisha Ibhalansi Izingxenye
Izingxenye Zebhalansi Yomthwalo Ovamile (ijwayelekile kubo bonke ababhalansi):
- Finyelela Inqubomgomo Yokuloga
- izingodo zakho zokufinyelela ze-ELB. Ukuze wenze izilungiselelo, ungaya kokuthi Incazelo bese ukhetha inkinobho ethi "Hlela izibaluli":
Bese sicacisa i-S3Bucket - isitoreji sento ye-Amazon:
- I-Scheme
- ibhalansi yangaphakathi noma yangaphandle. Iphuzu ukuthi i-LoadBalancer yakho kufanele ithole amakheli angaphandle ukuze ukwazi ukufinyeleleka ngayo ngaphandle, noma ingaba isilinganisi sakho sangaphakathi somthwalo;
- Amaqembu Wokuphepha
— Ukulawula ukufinyelela kusilinganisi. Eqinisweni, lena i-firewall yezinga eliphezulu.
- Iziqeshana
- ama-subnets ngaphakathi kwe-VPC yakho (futhi, ngokufanelekile, indawo etholakalayo). Ama-subnet acacisiwe ngesikhathi sokudalwa. Uma ama-VPC enqunyelwe isifunda, khona-ke ama-Subnets anqunyelwe izindawo ezitholakalayo. Uma udala Ibhalansi Yomthwalo, kungcono ukuyidala okungenani ngama-subnets amabili (isiza uma kuphakama izinkinga ngeNdawo Yokutholakala eyodwa);
- Abalaleli
- ama-balancer protocols akho. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ku-Classic Load Balancer kungaba i-HTTP, i-HTTPS, i-TCP ne-SSL, ye-Network Load Balancer - i-TCP, i-UDP ne-TLS, ye-Application Load Balancer - i-HTTP ne-HTTPS.
Isibonelo Sebhalansi Yomthwalo Wakudala:
Kodwa ku-Application Load Balancer sibona isixhumi esibonakalayo esihluke kancane kanye nengqondo ehlukene ngokuvamile:
Layisha izingxenye ze-Balancer v2 (ALB ne-NLB)
Manje ake sibhekisise kabanzi izibhalansi zenguqulo yesi-2 Isilinganisi Somthwalo Wokulayishwa Kwesicelo kanye Nebhalansi Yomthwalo Wenethiwekhi. Lawa mabhalansi anezici zawo zengxenye. Isibonelo, kwavela umqondo onjengokuthi Amaqembu Aqondisiwe - izimo (kanye nemisebenzi). Ngenxa yale ngxenye, sinethuba lokucacisa ukuthi yimaphi amaQembu Okuhlosiwe esifuna ukuqondisa kuwo ithrafikhi.
Ngamagama alula, ku-Target Groups sicacisa izimo lapho ithrafikhi izofika khona. Uma ku-Classic Load Balancer efanayo uvele uxhume ngokushesha amandla kusilinganisi, bese ku-Application Load Balancer wena kuqala:
- dala Isilinganisi Somthwalo;
- dala iqembu Eliqondiwe;
- uqondise ngamachweba adingekayo noma imithetho Yebhalansi Yomthwalo uye Emaqenjini Okuqondiwe adingekayo;
- emaqenjini Okuqondiwe owabela wona izimo.
Lokhu kunengqondo yokusebenza kungase kubonakale kuyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa empeleni kulula kakhulu.
Ingxenye elandelayo ithi Imithetho yomlaleli (imithetho yomzila). Lokhu kusebenza kuphela kusilinganisi somthwalo wesicelo. Uma ku-Network Load Balancer uvele udale Umlaleli, futhi ithumela ithrafikhi eqenjini elithile Eliqondiwe, bese ku-Application Load Balancer yonke into. .
Manje ake sisho amagama ambalwa mayelana nengxenye elandelayo - IP Elastic (amakheli amile we-NLB). Uma Imithetho Yokulalela imithetho yomzila ithinta kuphela Isilinganisi Somthwalo Wokulayishwa Kwesicelo, kusho ukuthi i-Elastic IP ithinte kuphela Isilinganisi Somthwalo Wenethiwekhi.
Masidale Isilinganisi Somthwalo Wenethiwekhi:
Futhi ngesikhathi senqubo yokudala sizobona ukuthi sinikezwa ithuba lokukhetha i-Elastic IP:
I-Elastic IP inikeza ikheli le-IP elilodwa elingahlotshaniswa nezimo ezihlukile ze-EC2 ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Uma isenzakalo se-EC2 sinekheli le-Elastic IP futhi leso sibonelo sinqanyuliwe noma simiswa, ungakwazi ngokushesha ukuhlobanisa isenzakalo esisha se-EC2 nekheli le-Elastic IP. Nokho, isicelo sakho samanje ngeke siyeke ukusebenza, njengoba izinhlelo zokusebenza zisabona ikheli le-IP elifanayo, ngisho noma i-EC2 yangempela ishintshile.
Lapha esihlokweni sokuthi kungani i-Elastic IP idingeka. Bheka, sibona amakheli e-IP angu-3, kodwa ngeke ahlale lapha unomphela:
I-Amazon iyawashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, mhlawumbe njalo ngemizuzwana engama-60 (kodwa ngokusebenza, kunjalo, kancane kancane). Lokhu kusho ukuthi amakheli e-IP angashintsha. Futhi esimweni se-Network Load Balancer, ungavele ubophe ikheli le-IP futhi ulibonise emithethweni yakho, izinqubomgomo, njll.
Dweba iziphetho
I-ELB ihlinzeka ngokusatshalaliswa okuzenzakalelayo kwethrafikhi engenayo kuzo zonke izinto eziqondiwe eziningi (iziqukathi, izimo ze-Amazon EC2, amakheli e-IP, nemisebenzi ye-Lambda). I-ELB iyakwazi ukusabalalisa ithrafikhi ngemithwalo ehlukahlukene ngaphakathi Kwendawo Etholakalayo eyodwa kanye nakuzo zonke izindawo Ezitholakalayo eziningi. Umsebenzisi angakhetha ezinhlotsheni ezintathu zezilinganisi ezinikeza ukutholakala okuphezulu, i-autoscaling, nokuvikela okuhle. Konke lokhu kubalulekile ukuze uqinisekise ukubekezelelwa kwamaphutha kwezicelo zakho.
Izinzuzo eziyinhloko:
- ukutholakala okuphezulu. Isivumelwano sesevisi sithatha 99,99% ukutholakala kwesilinganisi somthwalo. Isibonelo, Izindawo Ezitholakalayo Eziningi ziqinisekisa ukuthi ithrafikhi icutshungulwa kuphela izinto ezinempilo. Eqinisweni, ungakwazi ukulinganisa umthwalo kuso sonke isifunda, uqondise kabusha ithrafikhi ezindaweni ezihlosiwe ezinempilo ezindaweni ezitholakalayo ezihlukene;
- ukuphepha. I-ELB isebenza ne-Amazon VPC, ihlinzeka ngamakhono ahlukahlukene okuphepha - ukuphathwa kwesitifiketi okudidiyelwe, ukuqinisekiswa komsebenzisi, kanye nokukhishwa kwemfihlo kwe-SSL/TLS. Konke sekuhlangene kunikeza ukuphathwa okumaphakathi nokuvumelana nezimo kwezilungiselelo ze-TLS;
- ukuqina. I-ELB ingakwazi ukusingatha izinguquko ezisheshayo kuthrafikhi yenethiwekhi. Futhi ukuhlanganiswa okujulile ne-Auto Scaling kunikeza uhlelo lokusebenza izinsiza ezanele uma umthwalo ushintsha, ngaphandle kokudinga ukungenelela okwenziwa ngesandla;
- ukuguquguquka. Ungasebenzisa amakheli e-IP ukuze uhambise izicelo eziqondisweni zezinhlelo zakho zokusebenza. Lokhu kunikeza ukuguquguquka lapho usebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza eziqondisiwe, ngaleyo ndlela kunikeze amandla okusingatha izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ngesenzakalo esisodwa. Njengoba izinhlelo zokusebenza zingasebenzisa imbobo yenethiwekhi eyodwa futhi zibe namaqembu okuvikela ahlukene, ukuxhumana phakathi kwezinhlelo zokusebenza kwenziwa lula uma, sisho, isakhiwo esisekelwe ku-microservices;
- ukuqapha kanye nokucwaningwa kwamabhuku. Ungakwazi ukuqapha izinhlelo zokusebenza ngesikhathi sangempela usebenzisa izici ze-Amazon CloudWatch. Sikhuluma ngamamethrikhi, amalogi, ukulandelela isicelo. Ngamagama alula, uzokwazi ukuhlonza izinkinga futhi ukhombe izingqinamba zokusebenza ngokunembe impela;
- i-hybrid load balancing. Ikhono lokulayisha ibhalansi phakathi kwezinsiza ezisendaweni kanye ne-AWS kusetshenziswa isilinganisi somthwalo esifanayo kwenza kube lula ukuthutha noma ukunweba izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisemagcekeni ziye emafini. Ukuphatha ukwehluleka nakho kwenziwa lula kusetshenziswa ifu.
Uma unentshisekelo emininingwaneni, nazi izixhumanisi ezimbalwa eziwusizo ezivela kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni ye-Amazon:
- .
Source: www.habr.com