Kusihlwa ngomhla ka-9 Disemba 2019, ukuthenga ngaphambi kweholide e-Eaton Center e-Toronto kwaphazanyiswa into ebingalindelekile. . Igalari yokuthenga yangena ebumnyameni, futhi ukuphela komthombo wokukhanya kwakuyisihlahla sikaKhisimusi - abaningi baphuthuma ukuthumela isithombe saso ezinkundleni zokuxhumana njengento engaqondakali ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, phakathi kwama-tweets kwakukhona lawo lapho i-mysticism yachazwa kalula futhi kalula: isihlahla sikaKhisimusi sasixhunywe ekunikezeni amandla angenakuphazamiseka. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngokuthi yiziphi abaqashi be-UPS abangazisebenzisa ukuhlela ukuphakelwa kukagesi okungaphazamiseki ezakhiweni zabo ezisezindaweni zezitolo. Phela, kufanele kuqhubeke ukuthenga, akunjalo?
Ukunikezwa kwamandla okuqinisekisiwe nokungaphazamiseki
Kodwa okokuqala, ake sisho ukuthi kungani icala lokucinywa kukagesi enxanxatheleni yezitolo i-Eaton Center e-Toronto lafakwa esihlokweni sesihloko. Sikhuluma ngamagama, le nxanxathela yezitolo ayixhumene nenkampani eyenza i-Eaton. I-Simply Eaton (Eaton) yisibongo esivamile phakathi kwabafuduki abanekhono abafika e-United States bevela e-British Isles ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XNUMX nelama-XNUMX. Enye ye-Etons yasungula inkampani yokuhweba, kanti enye inkampani yobunjiniyela. Futhi manje buyela esihlokweni esikhulu.
Inxanxathela yezitolo iyindawo eyinkimbinkimbi ngokwemibandela yokuqinisekisa ukutholakala kukagesi okuqinisekisiwe nokungaphazamiseki. Njengoba wazi, abaphathi banoma iyiphi isikhungo sokuthenga balungele ukuqasha indawo yamahhala cishe kunoma yimuphi umqashi, inqobo nje uma ibhizinisi labo lisensimini yezomthetho. Kungase kufinyelele ezingeni lokuthi ibhikawozi elinamahhavini kagesi anamandla noma isitolo sezinhlanzi ezineziqandisi zezimboni sivele sivele endaweni yesitolo sezingubo ezivaliwe. Ngamanye amazwi, umthwalo kugridi yamandla ungashintsha njalo nangezindlela ezingalindelekile.
Ezimweni ezinjalo, kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa phakathi kokunikezwa kwamandla okuqinisekisiwe nokungaphazamiseki.
Kuqinisekisiwe uhlobo lokunikezwa kwamandla lubizwa, lapho, ngaphezu kwamandla aphakathi nendawo, umthombo oyisipele wokunikezwa kwamandla okuzimela uyabandakanyeka (ngokuvamile i-DGU, isethi yejeneretha yedizili). Izikhungo ezinkulu zokuthenga zingasetshenzwa ngama-DGU ambalwa. Ngokunikezwa kwamandla okuqinisekisiwe, ikhefu ekunikezeni amandla abathengi abavela kugridi yamandla emaphakathi kuvunyelwe kuphela ngesikhathi sokuvula okuzenzakalelayo komthombo wamandla oyisipele (i-DGU, ijeneretha yamandla wegesi).
ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka ukunikezwa kwamandla kuthatha ukuba khona komthombo wamandla wesithathu ozimele osesimweni se-UPS esinikeza abathengi isikhathi esidingekayo ukuze baqale ijeneretha ezimele futhi bafinyelele umthwalo wokuklama. Ngokuvamile kuthatha imizuzu emi-3 ukuqalisa ama-DGU anamandla; ebusika, okokupholisa kuhlala kushiselwa kuwo ukuze kuqalwe ngokuzethemba.
Uhlelo olulula lokuphakelwa kukagesi kwesikhungo sezitolo. Umthombo: Ogogo
Njengomthetho, ukunikezwa kwamandla kwesikhungo sokuthenga kwakhiwe ngokuvumelana nohlelo lwe-classical lokuhlukanisa abaqashi kanye nezinsizakalo zangaphakathi zesikhungo sokuthenga ngezigaba ezahlukene zabathengi.
- Abathengi II isigaba, okuhlanganisa iningi labaqashi abavamile besikhungo sokuthenga, abanalo uxhumano namandla aqinisekisiwe avela ku-DGU futhi bangathembela kuphela kugridi kagesi yedolobha kanye nezabo (zasendaweni) zamandla kagesi ezingaphazamiseki (UPS).
- Abathengi I isigaba shintshela ku-DGU ngokuzenzakalelayo uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi kumagridi kagesi wedolobha, kodwa azokhishwa amandla kuze kuqale i-DGU. Kulaba baqashi, ukuphela kukagesi kubalulekile ebhizinisini noma ekuphepheni komphakathi. Enxanxatheleni yezitolo, abaqashi abanjalo ngokuvamile bahlanganisa amakhemisi aneziqandisi zemithi, amahhovisi ezokwelapha nawamazinyo, nezindawo zokungcebeleka zezingane.
- Abathengi I isigaba esikhethekile thola ugesi ongaphazamiseki futhi awukwazi ukucishwa ngisho nangesikhathi esifushane. Kubasebenzisi abanjalo, imithombo emithathu yokuphakelwa kukagesi iyabandakanyeka - isiteshi esincane sedolobha kanye ne-DGU, futhi ngesikhathi sokuqala kwe-DGU inikwa amandla yi-UPS yezimboni. Abathengi abanjalo bahlanganisa i-alamu yomlilo kanye nezinhlelo zokucisha umlilo ezizenzakalelayo, ukuzivikela komphakathi kanye nesixwayiso esiphuthumayo, izibani eziphuthumayo, izakhiwo kanye nempahla yesevisi yokuthunyelwa kwenxanxathela yezitolo. Uma izinkampani ze-IT ziqasha indawo enxanxatheleni yezitolo, ziphinde zizidalele ugesi ongaphazamiseki.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-UPS yezimboni esikhungweni sokuthenga kwesigaba esikhethekile sabathengi kwenziwa ngokuya ngohlelo oluphakathi nendawo. Kulolu hlelo, ugesi uhlinzekwa ngomthombo owodwa kubo bonke abasebenzisi balesi sigaba ngaphakathi kwenxanxathela yezitolo.
Kubaqashi benxanxathela ejwayelekile - izitolo, amakhefi, izindawo zokuzivocavoca, izindawo zobuhle, njll., ukuhlinzeka ngogesi oqinisekisiwe noma ongaphazamiseki kungaba yinketho ebiza kakhulu. Ezimweni ezinjalo, kuyenzeka ngokwezomnotho ukusebenzisa lokho okubizwa ngokuthi uhlelo lokuphakelwa kukagesi ongaphazamiseki, okuzoxoxwa ngalo ngezansi.
I-Decentralized UPS Scheme - Izinzuzo kanye Nokubi
Izikimu ze-UPS ezibekwe endaweni eyodwa azihlukani. Lawa masu amabili angakwazi futhi kufanele ahlanganiswe. Isibonelo, abathengi ababalulekile (kanye nalabo abakhokhe ngokukhethekile) ngaphakathi kwesikhungo sokuthenga bavikelwe ama-UPS amakhulu ezimboni, kodwa esitolo esithile esingenawo amandla aqinisekisiwe, ama-UPS ekilasi eliyinhloko naphakathi angasetshenziswa endaweni ukuhlinzeka ngokuvikelwa kwamarejista emali. , iseva, iphrinta nobunye ubuchwepheshe.
Ake sihlaziye okuhle nokubi kwesikimu sokuphakelwa kukagesi esihlukaniselwe futhi, okokuqala, mayelana nezinzuzo zokusebenzisa ama-UPS endawo:
- azikho izintambo ezintsha ezidingekayo, izindonga ezikhona zodonga ziyasetshenziswa; ama-UPS endawo kulula ukuwasebenzisa futhi axhume kumadeski emali, amakhompyutha, nezinye izinto ezibalulekile; lapho ushintsha izakhiwo eziqashiwe, ama-UPS anjalo athathwa nawo futhi atshalwe endaweni entsha;
- Ama-UPS wendawo wesigaba sokuqala nesiphakathi anezindleko eziphansi - isabelomali cishe sanoma yiliphi ibhizinisi elincane sizodonsa ukuthengwa kwama-UPS anjalo - futhi amandla afinyelela ku-3000 VA ikuvumela ukuthi uxhume amadeski emali noma ama-PC ambalwa ku-UPS eyodwa;
- umqashi akaboshiwe ezingeni lomthwalo owabelwe, ukuguqulwa kwenani lamadeski emali noma ezinye izinto zokusebenza ngenxa yokwanda kwebhizinisi ngeke kudinge isivumelwano esisha kwinkontileka yokuhlinzeka ugesi;
- uma umqashi esevele enesethi ye-UPS yakhe, khona-ke kunengqondo ukuwasebenzisa esikimini sokunikezela kwamandla angaphazamiseki.
Kwesinye isikhathi abaphathi benxanxathela yezitolo - ikakhulukazi uma kukhona umthamo wamahhala ngemuva kokuthi isiqashi esibalulekile kwesokunxele - siqala ukuphikelela ukunikeza abaqashi ukuthi baxhume kunethiwekhi yokuphakelwa kukagesi eqinisekisiwe noma engaphazamiseki uma kwenzeka ukuphela kukagesi esiteshini sedolobha.
Yisiphi isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokusebenzisa amandla amaphakathi angaphazamiseki:
- ukuqhubeka kwebhizinisi kubalulekile kumqashi (isibonelo - amakhemisi anamakhabethe emithi aqandisiwe, amahhovisi ezokwelapha nawamazinyo, imitholampilo yobuhle enezinqubo zomjikelezo oqhubekayo, abaqashi abahlinzeka ngezinsizakalo eziku-inthanethi njengezinkampani ze-IT): ugesi ongaphazamiseki ophakathi nendawo wenzelwe isikhathi esingenamkhawulo abathengi (kuncike ekunikezeni uphethiloli wamasethi ejeneretha yedizili), kanye nama-UPS endawo angakwazi ukusekela ukusebenza kwemishini isikhathi esifushane - ngokuvamile kungabi ngaphezu kwemizuzu eyi-15-20, futhi uma ugesi ungabuyiselwa ngalesi sikhathi. , okokusebenza kusazodingeka kucishwe;
- uma inani le-UPS yendawo lidlula ishumi nambili, futhi lingamamodeli ahlukene futhi lithengwe ngezikhathi ezihlukene, khona-ke ukuqapha isimo samabhethri nokuwashintsha kuba ukuphazamiseka okubonakalayo, kuba lula ukungaboni ibhethri elivele linephutha, futhi njengoba ngenxa yalokho, i-UPS ngeke ikwazi ukuvikela okokusebenza uma kwenzeka ugesi wehluleka;
- ngesikhathi sokunqamuka kukagesi, ama-alamu amaningi azwakalayo avela kuma-UPS endawo angabangela ukucasuka nokukhathazeka ezivakashini (ngokwesibonelo, amaklayenti emitholampilo yobuhle).
Okulandelayo - mayelana nezinhlobo namamodeli e-UPS afaneleka kakhulu abaqashi besikhungo sokuthenga abavela phakathi kwamabhizinisi amancane.
Izincomo kuhlobo namandla e-UPS kubaqashi besikhungo sokuthenga
Indaba emayelana nezinhlobo ezintathu ze-UPS - i-UPS engaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi, uhlobo lokusebenzelana komugqa kanye ne-UPS eku-inthanethi - ingatholakala cishe kuzo zonke izihloko kulesi sihloko, kodwa ibalulekile uma unikeza iseluleko ngokukhetha izinsiza zamandla ezingaphazamiseki.
Amasu ezinhlobo ezintathu ze-UPS: a) okungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi, b) ukuxhumana ngomugqa, c) ku-inthanethi. Umthombo: Eaton
The elula futhi eshibhe i-UPS engafuneki (okungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi, i-back-UPS, stand-by) akunconywa ezimweni eziningi ngenxa yokuthi i-voltage ehlinzekwa kusuka kunethiwekhi incike ngokuqondile emthwalweni. Nakuba i-voltage ku-UPS yokulinda ihlungiwe, ayilawulwa nganoma iyiphi indlela - uma kukhona i-voltage ephansi noma ephezulu kunethiwekhi, khona-ke lokhu yikho kanye okuzoya emthwalweni.
Amandla ebhethri kuma-UPS ayisipele avulwa kuphela lapho i-voltage yokufaka ilahleka ngokuphelele, futhi isilinganiso (isilinganiso) se-voltage sine wave sinikezwa kokuphumayo, okuthinta kabi ukusebenza kwemishini enezinto zamandla e-transformer, izinjini zikagesi, ukuklinywa, Sawubona. -Imishini yomsindo nevidiyo yekilasi le-Fi, ama-boilers okushisa anamaphampu omjikelezo, amafriji nama-air conditioners, amaphampu amanzi. Akunconywa ngokuqinile ukusebenzisa i-UPS elindile ukuze kuvikelwe amathuluzi aselabhorethri kanye nemishini yezokwelapha, enganikwa amandla amandla kagesi ane-sine wave ephelele.
Ulayini Interactive UPS (line-interactive) - esebenza kakhulu ngokwesilinganiso "inani / ikhwalithi yokunikezwa kwamandla". Umehluko obalulekile phakathi kwama-UPS asebenzisanayo kanye nama-UPS angaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi ukuba khona kwesilawuli sikagesi (esibizwa nangokuthi i-autotransformer, i-AVR, i-Automatic Voltage Regulator). Ngakho-ke, i-UPS esebenzisana nomugqa iwusizo kakhulu uma isetshenziswa ezindaweni lapho i-voltage yokufaka ingahluka kakhulu. Amandla okuqinisa i-voltage anjalo ama-UPS abaluleke kakhulu - ukusuka ku-150-160 V ukuya ku-270-290 V kokokufaka, kuye ngemodeli, kuyilapho okukhiphayo kuzozinza ngo-230 V. Ama-UPS asebenzisanayo omugqa wesimanje, njenge-Eaton 5P kanye nochungechunge lwe-5PX, lunokulawula kwe-microprocessor futhi lunikeze i-voltage ephumayo ye-sine wave efanelekile.
I-UPS eku-inthanethi (ku-inthanethi, ukuguqulwa okuphindwe kabili) - okuphambene ncamashi ne-UPS engaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi ngokwekhwalithi yamandla: noma ngabe ingakanani i-voltage noma ukuphazamiseka kwamapayipi amakhulu, i-sine wave efanelekile izoya emthwalweni. Ngaphakathi kwe-UPS, ukuguqulwa okuphindwe kabili kuyenziwa - i-voltage yokufaka ye-AC iguqulelwa ku-DC, bese ibuyela ku-AC, kakade enamapharamitha afanelekile. Okuwukuphela kokubi kwe-UPS eku-inthanethi yizindleko eziphezulu.
I-Eaton incoma amamodeli e-UPS asebenzisanayo alandelayo kubaqashi bezindawo zezitolo:
- uma okokusebenza okuvikelwe kufakwe intambo yokuxhuma kusokhethi evamile eyindilinga ye-Euro (uhlobo lwe-DIN Socket Type-F), ungakhetha amamodeli e-UPS asebenzisanayo e-Eaton Ellipse ECO (amandla asuka ku-500 VA kuya ku-1600 VA) noma i-Eaton Ellipse I-PRO (amandla asuka ku-650 VA kuya ku-1600 VA) - i-UPS ngayinye inezitolo ezine kuya kweziyisishiyagalombili, i-voltage yokufaka ingaba ku-161-284 V;
Umthombo: Eaton - uma ufuna ukuxhuma amadivaysi ngezintambo "zekhompyutha" (uhlobo lwe-IEC320-C13), khona-ke singancoma i-UPS esebenzisanayo yochungechunge lwesi-5 - amamodeli e-Eaton 5E, 5S, 5SC - amamodeli ane-sine wave elinganiselwe, 5P, 5PX - amamodeli ane-voltage ye-sine wave emsulwa ekuphumeni (amandla asuka ku-500 VA ukuya ku-3000 VA). Amamodeli ayahluka emisebenzini yesevisi, ukuba khona kwesibonisi, uhlobo lwekesi, ithuba lokushintshwa kwebhethri elishisayo; kubathengi abanamapulagi e-euro lapho usebenzisa uchungechunge lwe-Eaton 5 lwe-UPS, ungathenga izintambo ze-adaptha ye-IE-320 C14 / Socket Type-F;
Ulayini we-Eaton 5P osebenzisanayo we-UPS onokukhipha okumsulwa kwe-sine wave. Umthombo: Eaton
Ngaphezu kwamamodeli e-UPS ashiwo eyokuqala (i-Ellipse) nesigaba esiphakathi (Uchungechunge 5), kukhona uchungechunge lwesi-9 lwe-UPS olwenziwe kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe bokuguqula kabili, olunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zamamodeli okuvikela amaseva ezinkampani, kanye nokusebenza njengengxenye yezikhungo zedatha nasezikhungweni zokukhiqiza.
Ekugcineni
Uma ibhizinisi lakho lizwela kakhulu ngesikhathi sokunciphisa nokulahlekelwa, i-UPS ebaluleke kakhulu kuba kulo. Ngakho-ke, funda lo mbuzo ngokwakho bese ubuza imibuzo kumazwana okuthunyelwe noma kuwebhusayithi yethu uma kukhona okungacacile.
Source: www.habr.com