Uma ukholwa , u-1% kuphela weziqalo ezisindayo. Ngeke sixoxe ngezizathu zaleli zinga lokufa, lokhu akulona ibhizinisi lethu. Singathanda ukukutshela ukuthi ungawandisa kanjani amathuba okusinda ngokuphatha ingqalasizinda ye-IT enekhono.
Esihlokweni:
- amaphutha ajwayelekile okuqalisa ku-IT;
- kanjani kusiza ukugwema la maphutha;
- izibonelo ezifundisayo ngokuzijwayeza.
Yini engalungile nge-IT ekuqaleni?
Kuyafaneleka ukucacisa ukuthi ngokuqala akusho isitolo sekhofi noma insectarium esikhungweni sokuthenga. Simayelana nokuqalwa kobuchwepheshe - ngalabo abakhungethwe yimpumelelo ye-GitHub, Uber, Slack, Miro, njll.
Ama-Startups ahlala enezinkinga eziningi ezivimbela ukuthi aqale: kusukela ekutshalweni kwezimali okunganele kuya kumodeli yebhizinisi engathuthukisiwe. Ngendlela efanayo, okuxakile, inkinga ngempumelelo yokuqala.
Impumelelo yokuqala yimbi kwabaqalayo abacabangela ngokweqile amakhono abo, ikakhulukazi ezezimali kanye nabasebenzi. Ngemva kokuvala amacala okuqala aphumelele, abanjalo abanethemba lokuhle banesifiso sokwandisa ngokushesha: ukuqasha elinye ihhovisi, ukunxenxa abathengisi abasha nabathuthukisi eqenjini, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ukukala i-backend (kanye ne-margin). Yilapho inkinga #1 ivela khona ngokushesha.
Abantu abaqalayo benza izinto abangazi ukuthi zenziwa kanjani.
Futhi abakwenzi okudingekayo ukuthuthukisa ukuqalisa. Ake ngichaze.
Isiqalo ngasinye kufanele okungenani sibe nezindima ezintathu:
- Uchwepheshe we-IT (noma uchwepheshe wezobuchwepheshe);
- umthengisi (noma umdayisi);
- onombono (noma usomabhizinisi ovame ukuba ngumtshali-zimali).
Ngokuvamile lezi zindima zixubile. Isibonelo, isiqalo singuchwepheshe we-IT, ngaphezu kwalokho, ophoqelelwe ukuthengisa. Akakaze adayise futhi wenza konke okusemandleni akhe. Isiqalo esinjalo siwuhlobo lweqembu eliyingozi elisebenza ngokuphambene.
Kodwa ake sithi ukuqalisa kuyinhlanhla: kukhona umuntu ongamdayisela, futhi uchwepheshe we-IT uzibhekele ezakhe ibhizinisi. Nokho, akuvamile ukuthi uchwepheshe we-IT ahlanganise iziqu ezihlukene: umthuthukisi, umhloli, umlawuli, unjiniyela wezakhiwo. Futhi ngisho noma ihlangene, akunakwenzeka ukuthi ibe yinhle ngokulinganayo. Angase aqonde i-middleware, kodwa hhayi kakhulu ngezinsizakalo zamafu kanye nesofthiwe ye-virtualization.
Lapho i-backend ikhula, umthwalo kuchwepheshe we-IT uyakhula. Okuthile kuqala "ukuwohloka". Okubi kakhulu uma lena kuyindawo ebucayi yokuqalisa, njengokuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo. Futhi manje umuntu kufanele asebenze isikhathi esengeziwe, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ubusuku nemini.
Ukugcwala ngokweqile ngenxa yokuntuleka kwabantu neziqu kuyisici esiwuphawu lweziqalo eziningi, umphumela weqiniso lokuthi abantu benza okungalungile.
Wonke amasevisi asetshenziswa emshinini owodwa wokubuka
Ukuqala ngokuvamile, ngokusekelwe emibonweni yabo mayelana nokonga, izindawo zokuthuthukiswa kwendawo, imininingwane yolwazi, iseva yewebhu, ukuqapha, njalonjalo kwi-VM eyodwa. Ekuqaleni, lonke leli bhizinisi lisebenza ngokubekezeleleka kancane. Izinkinga ziqala lapho udinga ukukala.
Iziqalo zivame ukukala ziqondile. Okusho ukuthi, bamane bakhulise inani lama-CPU, inani le-RAM, ama-disks, njll. - lena yindlela yakudala ye-monolithic, umphumela omubi okuthi ngesikhathi esithile ube ongenakuguqulwa. Uma inkampani encane ikhula, esigabeni esithile ithegi yentengo yezinsiza ezikhulayo igxumela ezingeni elingenakufinyeleleka. Kulokhu, kunendlela eyodwa kuphela yokuthuthukisa ingqalasizinda: ihlanganise kabusha.
Isiza kanjani i-IT
Kulolu hlobo lwephrojekthi sinesevisi yekilasi lezinsizakalo eziphethwe - .
Ikhasimende lithola ngaphandle kwebhokisi:
- ukulungiselela izindawo ezidingekayo zomsebenzi: i-dev, isivivinyo, i-prod;
- izinqubo ze-CI/CD ezimisiwe;
- amathuluzi alungisiwe omsebenzi weqembu: izilandeleli zomsebenzi, amasistimu okulawula inguqulo, ukuthunyelwa, ukuhlola, njll.
Ezingeni lengqalasizinda namathuluzi, zonke iziqalo zidinga izinto ezifanayo. Uma uqhathanisa imakethe yebhizinisi nezimayini zegolide, i-Managed Services Provider (MSP) inikeza amathuluzi amasha, ekhwalithi ephezulu: amapiki namakalishi angaphuli, amamephu angaqambi amanga. Umhloli kufanele akhethe indawo azomba kuyo.
Izinzuzo ze-IT ephethwe
I-IT elawulwayo iyisevisi ebanzi ehlanganisa inani lezidingo eziyisibopho.
- Ekuqaleni, sinikeza izinsiza ezidingekayo nezenziwe ngezifiso zomsebenzi, ukukhula kanye nemibono yokuhlola.
- Singasho ngokuqondile ukuthi izindleko zizonyuka kanjani uma kulinganiswa, ngoba siyazi ukuthi imethrikhi eyinhloko ukuhlangana komnotho wokuqalisa.
- Sihlinzeka ngokubonisana ukuze konge ukuqalisa inani elibalulekile lamahora omuntu. Singasiza futhi ngezibalo zeyunithi yezomnotho yephrojekthi.
- Sabelana ngezinqubo ezihamba phambili zemakethe. Abantu abaku-ITGLOBAL.COM basebenze neziqalo ezimbalwa. Eziningi zalezi ziqalo zenzeka njalo ngenyanga. Lokhu kusivumela ukuthi siqoqe ndawonye izibonelo ezinhle kakhulu (nezimbi kakhulu) futhi sabelane ngezipiliyoni zethu namakhasimende.
Amacala amabili avela ekusebenzeni
Ngokwe-NDA, asikwazi ukusho izinkampani ezithile, kodwa ububanzi nomkhiqizo, yebo.
I-Sphere: fintech/retail
Umkhiqizo: emakethe
Izinkinga:
- Kwakungekho ukuhlola ochungechungeni lwe-CI/CD. Ukwengeza abahloli berimothi kuphela kwenza inqubo yokwakha yaba nzima kakhulu.
- Onjiniyela basebenze ngesikhathi esisodwa kuseva ye-dev eyodwa ngaphandle kwezindawo ezizinikele ezitsheni.
- U-70% wesikhathi sonjiniyela usetshenziswe ezenzweni ezifanayo kusukela ekukhululweni kuya ekukhululweni. Isivinini sokuthuthuka besihamba kancane kakhulu.
- Ingqalasizinda yafakwa enkampanini yokubamba eshibhile eJalimane (okungukuthi, akukho sivinini, akukho ukwethembeka).
Lokhu, ngendlela, kubonakala kuwo wonke amaphrojekthi okuqala.
Isixazululo siphethwe i-DevOps: senze izinqubo ze-CI/CD, setha ukuhlola nokuqapha okulungile, sangenelela ekuthuthukisweni kwezinga lenqubo yebhizinisi, futhi sadlulisela ingqalasizinda kumaseva akhiqizayo esikhungweni sedatha se-Tier III.
Umphumela:
- ukusebenza kahle kwentuthuko kuye kwanda: izici ezintsha nezibuyekezo zaqala ukuphuma ngokushesha ngokusebenza okuncane;
- ngenxa yalokho, izindleko zenqubo yokuthuthukiswa zizonke zehlile;
- ingqalasizinda isiguquguquke: iklayenti lingakwazi ukukhulisa ngokushesha kokubili phezulu naphansi;
- izindleko ze-DevOps ephethwe, ngokusho kweklayenti, ikhokhwe phakathi nezinyanga eziyisithupha.
I-Sphere: ukukhangisa kwewebhu
Umkhiqizo: Inkundla ye-AI yokuzenzela imikhankaso yokukhangisa
Izinkinga:
- i-backend ku-hardware endala, esikhungweni sedatha esinezinga eliphansi lokubekezelela amaphutha;
- ukuntuleka kwama-backups avamile;
- ingqalasizinda ye-monolithic.
Isixazululo siphethwe i-IT: sidlulisele ingqalasizinda ku-hardware esezingeni eliphezulu, salungisa iqoqo le-Galera lokukala okuvundlile, sabonisa ukuthi umthwalo ku-VM uzosatshalaliswa kanjani, usethe izipele nokuqapha. Manje, ngaphezu kokulungisa, sibonisana ngokukhuthele, kuhlanganise ne-DevOps.
Umphumela:
- ingqalasizinda isibe yi-microservice: izindleko zokunwetshwa zehle kakhulu, futhi ikhono lokukala, ngezindleko ezifanayo, liye landa;
- ukwethembeka nokuphepha kwengqalasizinda kwenyukile;
- abathuthukisi bashintsha imodeli yokwakha i-cascade baya ku-CI/CD, eyasiza ukunciphisa izindleko;
- Izinzuzo zezezimali ze-IT ephethwe, ngokusho kweklayenti, zaba sobala ngokushesha.
isiphetho
Ukusinda kweziqalo kuncike kakhulu enhlanhleni. Isiqalo esisodwa singasebenzisa imali emishinini ebizayo futhi singatholi lutho kuyo. Omunye uzophumelela ngisho nengqalasizinda ye-IT entekenteke - njengoba nje nomsebenzi wasezimayini wegolide ethola imayini yegolide enepiki elidala.
Kodwa-ke, amathuluzi esimanje, izinqubo kanye nabasebenzi abangochwepheshe abahlinzekwa umhlinzeki we-IT Ophethwe anciphisa kakhulu amathuba okuhluleka.
Source: www.habr.com