Amakhompyutha amaningi amakhulu asebenza nge- Linux — sixoxa ngesimo

Kusukela ngo-2018, izinhlelo ezingamakhulu amahlanu ezisebenza kahle kakhulu emhlabeni bezisebenza LinuxSixoxa ngezizathu zesimo samanje futhi sethula imibono yochwepheshe.

--Ото - I-Rawpixel — PD

I-Market State

Okwamanje Linux ilahlekelwa ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ekulweni nemakethe yama-PC. inikezwe IStatista, Linux Ifakwe kumakhompyutha angu-1,65% kuphela, kuyilapho abasebenzisi abangu-77% besebenza ne-Microsoft OS.

Izinto zingcono efwini nasezindaweni ze-IaaS, yize nalapha futhi umholi ehlala khona WindowsIsibonelo, le OS isebenzisa Ama-45% amaklayenti e-1cloud.ru, kanti ama-44% akhetha Linux-ukusabalalisa.

Kodwa uma sikhuluma ngekhompyutha esebenza kahle kakhulu, khona-ke lapha Linux umholi ocacile. Ngokusho kwe- bika I-portal Top500 iphrojekthi ehlanganisa ukufakwa kwamakhompiyutha okunamandla kakhulu emhlabeni - amakhompyutha amakhulu ohlwini oluphezulu lwama-500 lwakhiwe phezu kwalo Linux.

Emshinini we-Summit (inombolo yokuqala ohlwini ngesikhathi sokubhala), owaklanywa i-IBM, I-Red Hat Enterprise ifakiwe. Uhlelo olufanayo ukuphatha i-supercomputer yesibili enamandla kakhulu iSierra, kanye nokufakwa kwamaShayina i-TaihuLight работает ku-Sunway Raise OS, ngokusekelwe ku- Linux.

Izizathu zokusabalala kwalesi sifo Linux

Ukukhiqiza. Umongo Linux i-monolithic kanye izitolo Iqukethe zonke izingxenye ezidingekayo—abashayeli, ishejuli yomsebenzi, kanye nohlelo lwefayela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinsizakalo ze-kernel zenziwa esikhaleni sekheli le-kernel, okuthuthukisa ukusebenza okuphelele. Linux inezidingo zehadiwe ezibanzi kakhulu. Okunye ukusatshalaliswa ziyasebenza kumadivayisi anememori engu-128 MB. Iqiniso lokuthi imishini ilawulwa Linux ukukhiqiza kakhulu kunangaphansi Windows, eminyakeni embalwa edlule kuqashelwe ngisho noyedwa wonjiniyela beMicrosoft. Phakathi kwezizathu, waqokomisa izibuyekezo ezikhulayo ezihloselwe ukuthuthukisa isisekelo sekhodi.

Ukuvuleka. Amakhompiyutha amakhulu ngeminyaka yawo-70 kanye nawo-80s ayakhelwe kakhulu ekusatshalalisweni okusekelwe ku-UNIX, njenge UNICOS kusuka ku-Cray. Amanyuvesi kanye nezindawo zokucwaninga zaphoqeleka ukuthi zikhokhe imali enkulu kubabhali be-OS, okwathinta kabi izindleko zokugcina zamakhompyutha asebenza kahle kakhulu - zafinyelela ezigidini zamaRandi. Ukuvela kwesistimu yokusebenza evulekile kuye kwanciphisa kakhulu izindleko zesofthiwe. Ngo-1998 kwethulwa i-supercomputer yokuqala esekelwe ku- Linux — I-Avalon Cluster. Yahlanganiswa eLos Alamos National Laboratory e-United States ngama-$152 kuphela.

Lo mshini uthole ama-gigaflops angu-19,3 okusebenza kahle futhi wabekwa endaweni yama-314 emhlabeni. Nakuba lokhu kungase kubonakale sengathi yimpumelelo encane, isilinganiso sawo sentengo/sokusebenza sakhanga onjiniyela bama-supercomputer. Eminyakeni emibili nje kuphela, Linux ikwazile ukuthola u-10% wemakethe.

Ukwenza ngokwezifisoIkhompyutha enkulu ngayinye inengqalasizinda ye-IT ehlukile. Linux kunikeza onjiniyela ukuguquguquka abakudingayo ukuze benze izinguquko futhi bathuthukise ukusebenza. Umphathi u-Eddie Epstein, owasiza ekuklameni i-supercomputer yaseWatson, kubizwa ukufinyeleleka kanye nokulula kokuphathwa yizona zizathu eziyinhloko zokukhetha i-SUSE Linux.

Ama-Supercomputers wesikhathi esizayo esiseduze

Uhlelo lwekhompiyutha lwe-IBM lwe-148-petaflop Summit seluneminyaka eminingi ikhona. uyabamba indawo yokuqala ku-Top500. Kodwa ngo-2021, isimo singashintsha - ama-supercomputers amaningana azongena emakethe ngesikhathi esisodwa.

--Ото - I-OLCF e-ORNL - CC BY

Enye yazo ithuthukiswa uMnyango Wezamandla wase-US (i-DOE) kanye nochwepheshe bakwa-Cray. Amandla alo izothumela ukuhlola indawo kanye nemiphumela yokufudumala kwembulunga yonke, ukucinga imithi yokwelapha umdlavuza kanye izinto ezintsha ama-solar panel. Sekuvele kwaziwa ukuthi i-supercomputer izophathwa I-Cray OS Linux Imvelo - isekelwe ku-SUSE Linux Ibhizinisi.

I-China izophinde iveze umshini wayo we-exascale osebenza kahle kakhulu. Uzobizwa ngokuthi i-Tianhe-3 futhi uzothola izinhlelo zokusebenza kubunjiniyela bezakhi zofuzo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezidakamizwa. I-supercomputer izosebenza nge-Kylin. Linux, esesivele sisetshenziselwa eyandulelayo - I-Tianhe-2.

Ngakho-ke, kungalindelwa ukuthi isimo esikhona sizogcinwa iminyaka embalwa ezayo, futhi Linux izoqhubeka nokuqinisa ubuholi bayo endaweni yamakhompyutha amakhulu anamandla kakhulu.

Thina kwa-1cloud sihlinzeka ngesevisi "Ifu langasese". Ngosizo lwayo, ungathumela ngokushesha ingqalasizinda ye-IT yamaphrojekthi anoma iyiphi inkimbinkimbi.
Ifu lethu eyakhelwe phezu kwensimbi Cisco, Dell, NetApp. Imishini itholakala ezikhungweni zedatha eziningana: I-Moscow DataSpace, i-St. Petersburg SDN/Xelent ne-Almaty Ahost.

Source: www.habr.com