Amakhompiyutha amaningi amakhulu asebenzisa i-Linux - ake sixoxe ngalesi simo

Kusukela ngo-2018, amakhulu amahlanu wezinhlelo ezisebenza kahle kakhulu emhlabeni asebenza ku-Linux. Sixoxa ngezizathu zesimo samanje futhi sinikeze imibono yochwepheshe.

--Ото - I-Rawpixel — PD

I-Market State

Kuze kube manje, i-Linux iyalahlekelwa kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ekulweleni imakethe ye-PC. Ngu inikezwe I-Statista, i-Linux ifakwe kumakhompyutha angu-1,65% kuphela, kuyilapho u-77% wabasebenzisi besebenza ne-OS ye-Microsoft.

Izinto zingcono ezindaweni zamafu nasezindaweni ze-IaaS, nakuba iWindows isalokhu ingumholi lapha futhi. Ngokwesibonelo, le OS isebenzisa U-45% wamakhasimende we-1cloud.ru, kuyilapho u-44% encamela ukusatshalaliswa kwe-Linux.

Kepha uma sikhuluma ngekhompyutha esebenza kahle kakhulu, iLinux ingumholi ocacile. Ngokusho kwakamuva bika I-portal Top500 iphrojekthi ehlanganisa ukufakwa kwamakhompiyutha okunamandla kakhulu emhlabeni - amakhompyutha amakhulu ohlwini lwama-500 aphezulu akhiwe ku-Linux.

Emshinini we-Summit (inombolo yokuqala ohlwini ngesikhathi sokubhala), owaklanywa i-IBM, I-Red Hat Enterprise ifakiwe. Uhlelo olufanayo ukuphatha i-supercomputer yesibili enamandla kakhulu iSierra, kanye nokufakwa kwamaShayina i-TaihuLight работает ku-Sunway Raise OS esekelwe ku-Linux.

Izizathu zokusabalala kwe-Linux

Ukukhiqiza. I-Linux kernel i-monolithic futhi izitolo Iqukethe zonke izingxenye ezidingekayo - abashayeli, umhleli wemisebenzi, uhlelo lwefayela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinsizakalo ze-kernel zenziwa endaweni yekheli le-kernel, okuthuthukisa ukusebenza okuphelele. I-Linux futhi inezidingo zezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha eziqhathaniswa nendawo yonke. Okunye ukusatshalaliswa ziyasebenza kumadivayisi anememori engu-128 MB. Iqiniso lokuthi imishini ye-Linux ikhiqiza kakhulu kuneWindows eminyakeni embalwa edlule kuqashelwe ngisho noyedwa wonjiniyela beMicrosoft. Phakathi kwezizathu, waqokomisa izibuyekezo ezikhulayo ezihloselwe ukuthuthukisa isisekelo sekhodi.

Ukuvuleka. Amakhompiyutha amakhulu ngeminyaka yawo-70 kanye nawo-80s ayakhelwe kakhulu ekusatshalalisweni okusekelwe ku-UNIX, njenge UNICOS kusuka ku-Cray. Amanyuvesi kanye nezindawo zokucwaninga zaphoqeleka ukuthi zikhokhe imali enkulu kubabhali be-OS, okwathinta kabi izindleko zokugcina zamakhompyutha asebenza kahle kakhulu - zafinyelela ezigidini zamaRandi. Ukuvela kwesistimu yokusebenza evulekile kuye kwanciphisa kakhulu izindleko zesofthiwe. Ngo-1998 kwethulwa i-supercomputer yokuqala esekelwe ku-Linux - I-Avalon Cluster. Yahlanganiswa eLos Alamos National Laboratory e-USA ngamadola ayizinkulungwane eziyi-152 kuphela.

Lo mshini ube nokusebenza okungu-19,3 gigaflops futhi uthathe indawo ye-314 phezulu emhlabeni. Uma uthi nhlá, lokhu kuyimpumelelo encane, kodwa isilinganiso senani/sokusebenza sihehe abathuthukisi bekhompiyutha abakhulu. Eminyakeni emibili nje, i-Linux ikwazile ukuthwebula i-10% yemakethe.

Ukwenza ngokwezifiso. I-supercomputer ngayinye inengqalasizinda ye-IT ehlukile. Ukuvuleka kwe-Linux kunikeza onjiniyela ukuguquguquka abakudingayo ukuze benze izinguquko futhi bathuthukise ukusebenza. Umqondisi u-Eddie Epstein, osize ukuklama ikhompyutha enkulu yakwaWatson, kubizwa ukufinyeleleka kanye nokuphatha kalula yizizathu eziyinhloko zokukhetha i-SUSE Linux.

Ama-Supercomputers wesikhathi esizayo esiseduze

Uhlelo lwekhompiyutha lwe-IBM lwe-148-petaflop Summit seluneminyaka eminingi ikhona. uyabamba indawo yokuqala ku-Top500. Kodwa ngo-2021, isimo singashintsha - ama-supercomputers amaningana azongena emakethe ngesikhathi esisodwa.

--Ото - I-OLCF e-ORNL - CC BY

Enye yazo ithuthukiswa uMnyango Wezamandla wase-US (i-DOE) kanye nochwepheshe bakwa-Cray. Amandla alo izothumela ukuhlola indawo kanye nemiphumela yokufudumala kwembulunga yonke, ukucinga imithi yokwelapha umdlavuza kanye izinto ezintsha ama-solar panel. Sekuvele kwaziwa ukuthi i-supercomputer izophathwa I-Cray Linux Environment OS - Isekelwe ku-SUSE Linux Enterprise.

I-China izophinde yethule umshini wayo we-exascale osebenza kahle kakhulu. Izobizwa nge-Tianhe-3 futhi izosetshenziselwa ubunjiniyela bofuzo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezidakamizwa. I-supercomputer kuzodingeka ifake i-Kylin Linux, esivele isetshenziselwa eyandulelayo - I-Tianhe-2.

Ngakho-ke, singalindela ukuthi isimo se-quo sizoqhubeka eminyakeni embalwa ezayo, futhi i-Linux izoqhubeka nokuqinisa ubuholi bayo ku-niche yama-supercomputers anamandla kakhulu.

Thina kwa-1cloud sihlinzeka ngesevisi "Ifu langasese". Ngosizo lwayo, ungathumela ngokushesha ingqalasizinda ye-IT yamaphrojekthi anoma iyiphi inkimbinkimbi.
Ifu lethu eyakhelwe phezu kwensimbi Cisco, Dell, NetApp. Imishini itholakala ezikhungweni zedatha eziningana: I-Moscow DataSpace, i-St. Petersburg SDN/Xelent ne-Almaty Ahost.

Source: www.habr.com