Ukushesha, phezulu, kunamandla isiqubulo sama-Olympic, esihambisana kakhulu nengqalasizinda ye-IT edalwa namuhla. Izinga ngalinye elisha lokuxhumana ngomsakazo elethulwa liya ngokuya likhulisa umthamo wolwazi oludluliswayo, linciphisa ukubambezeleka kwenethiwekhi, futhi lethula izinto ezintsha eziningi eziwusizo ezingahlali zicace kumsebenzisi wokugcina wesevisi. Namuhla, njengoba umkhuba ubonisa, ukugxuma kwemingcele yekhwalithi yamanethiwekhi amaselula, kusukela esizukulwaneni esidala kuya esisha, kungachazwa njengokuqhubeka kwejometri. Ngokunjalo, sesivele sakhe ithemba lokuthi izinga ngalinye elisha kufanele lisebenze ngokuphindwe kaningi kunaleli elikhona. Ukulinda kunesizathu. Enkumbulweni yethu, ukwethulwa kobuchwepheshe be-2-3-4G, empeleni, kwakuyimpumelelo enjalo, kodwa kuthiwani nge-5G?
Ukuhlangabezana nokushicilelwa okuhlukahlukene kwabezindaba, kanye nokuxoxa phakathi kwabangane ngemibiko yokunqoba yabaqhubi beselula mayelana nokulungela ukuqalisa ukuxhumana kwe-5G, abaningi bethu bacabanga ngokuzenzakalelayo amathemba amahle kakhulu. Ngeshwa, ngaphezu kokunqoba iziqongo ezikhazimulayo ze-IT, izindinganiso ezintsha zokuxhumana ezingenazintambo nazo zinezingibe zazo, esingacabangi ngazo njalo. Lesi simo sibhebhethekiswa yiqiniso lokuthi ukuvela kwamakhono amasha enethiwekhi kungase kungqubuzane hhayi nemithetho ye-physics kuphela, kodwa futhi nokungafuni komphakathi ukukhokhela ukwakhiwa kwalawa manethiwekhi, ngoba ngeke usibone isidingo salokhu. amathuba amasha kulesi sigaba. Yilezi zinto ezingaqondakali zobuchwepheshe be-5G esizoqhubeka nokukhuluma ngazo.
Umbonisi
Kubathengi abaningi bezinsizakalo ze-opharetha weselula, ama-nuances obuchwepheshe obusetshenzisiwe awabalulekile kakhulu, kodwa "izinsika" ezine zibaluleke kakhulu: intengo, ukumbozwa, isivinini kanye nokubambezeleka kwenethiwekhi. Lawa amapharamitha avame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu abakhangisi bezinkampani ezithuthukisayo ezikhuthaza izinga elisha lokuxhumana kwamaselula. Kanjalo, ngalezi zinhlaka, izinga ngalinye elisha elisetshenzisiwe lisinikeze okuthile okusha ngokwekhwalithi ngokuphindaphindiwe.
Inzuzo engachazeki yokuhamba omakhalekhukhwini abasinike yona ngeminyaka yawo-90s yasithwa kuphela ikhono lokusebenzisa igajethi yakho yeselula njengemodemu ye-inthanethi egcwele ngokugcwele kumanethiwekhi e-2G. Ngemva kokuthola ikhono lokufinyelela i-imeyili, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezingosi zolwazi, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ungazibophi nengqalasizinda enezintambo, kwavela umgomo omusha emkhathizwe - ukunqoba umgoqo wejubane eliphezulu, kanye nokunciphisa kakhulu i-ping, okudabukisa kakhulu kumanethiwekhi e-2G. Ukuqaliswa okuphelele kwezinga lokuxhumana le-3G kungenzeka akuzange kujabulise futhi kujabulise njengoba kwakunjalo nge-2G, nokho, ngokungangabazeki kube ingqopha-mlando entsha kithi sonke. Ukuqhathanisa i-3G neyandulelayo, kungaphawulwa ukuthi ijubane langempela, kokubili ukulanda nokulayisha, liye landa ngokuphindwe kashumi! Ngokungeziwe ekwenyukeni okumangalisayo kwesivinini, siphinde sathola ukuncishiswa kokubambezeleka kwenethiwekhi kuya ku-50 ms enethezekile, okwakuwuhlelo lobukhulu olungcono kune-2G eno-200+ ms. Ngokufika kwesizukulwane sesithathu sokuxhumana kwamaselula, i-inthanethi yeselula ekugcineni isiphenduke enye indlela yokuncintisana ngempela kunozakwabo onezintambo.
Ngokuqondene ne-4G, imangaze ngisho nangaphansi kweyandulelayo. Yebo, yiqiniso, ngokufika kwezinga elisha, i-inthanethi isiye βsheshaβ nakakhulu, amanethiwekhi abe namandla nakakhulu. Ngaso leso sikhathi, ngokombono wempumelelo yezentengiselwano, i-4G yaba ukutholwa okungabazekayo kakhulu kwabaqhubi be-telecom; opharetha abahlinzeka ngayo emazweni asathuthuka bathole imbuyiselo ebuthaka kakhulu kule sevisi. Izivinini eziphezulu esibhakabhakeni ze-4G, ngokombono ongafika ku-1 Gbit/s, zenza kuphela umthengi omkhulu amamatheke. Ipharamitha ethandwa kakhulu yokusetshenziswa okujwayelekile kwezinga ubukhona benombolo eyanele yeziteshi eziyisisekelo ze-4G. Eminyakeni engu-5 edlule yentuthuko, ukufakwa kwe-4G eJalimane eliphumelelayo, eFrance, naseBrithani kuye kwahlanganisa cishe u-99% wabantu, kodwa emhlabeni wonke lokhu kuhlukile kunomthetho. Uma sithatha ngisho nendawo ye-post-Soviet, singabona ukuthi i-4G isesiteji sokutshala izimali kanye nokuqaliswa. Ngokumelene nalesi sizinda, yini elindele i-5G?
Imephu yenethiwekhi ye-4G ehlanganisa opharetha abakhulu kunabo bonke eJalimane - Ukraine
ibanga lokuvama
Eqinisweni, ukugxuma okukhulu okwenzeka kusuka ku-1G kuya kumanethiwekhi we-4G kwenziwa ngaphakathi kwemingcele yenqubo eyodwa yobuchwepheshe. U-"G" ngamunye olandelayo, kancane, inguqulo yesimanje yomanduleli wayo. Lokhu, ngokuvamile, ukuqonda okungamangazi kusiholela ekuqondeni isimo samanje - siseduze kakhulu nemingcele yobuchwepheshe esibusebenzisayo obungaphansi kwamanethiwekhi amaselula esimanje. Ukwanda kwe-amplitude yesiteshi sokudlulisa kanye nezindlela ezintsha zokushintshwa kwesignali kusinike ithuba lokukhulisa ivolumu yolwazi oludlulisiwe ngeyunithi ngayinye yesikhathi, kodwa esikhathini esizayo ukwanda okukhulu kwesivinini senethiwekhi kuzokwenzeka kuphela ngokunyuka okukhulu imvamisa yokusebenza, futhi lokhu kugcwele kakhulu imiphumela.
Isilinganiso senani leziteshi eziyisisekelo ezizovala u-100% wendawo yase-Ukraine kuye ngamafrikhwensi azo okusebenza.
Iqiniso liwukuthi, ngokwesifundo se-physics yesikole, njengoba lezi zikhathi ezifanayo zanda, ukuncishiswa kwazo kuyanda kakhulu, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, amandla okungena amagagasi e-radiomagnetic nawo ayancipha. Kumhlinzeki wesevisi, lokhu kusho into eyodwa kuphela, ukwanda okukhulu kwenani leziteshi eziyisisekelo, futhi, ngokufanele, ukwanda okukhulu kokutshalwa kwezimali kwingqalasizinda yayo, okuzogcina kuthwalwe umthengi. Uma le modeli isengasebenza emadolobheni, ngenxa yokuminyana kwabantu, khona-ke ukusabalala okubanzi akukho embuzweni.
Enye indlela eya kumafrikhwensi aphezulu kungaba ukwethulwa kwe-5G kumaza aphansi, kuze kufike ku-1 GHz, lokhu kuzokwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuhlinzeka ngokutholakala okuphelele kwezindawo ezinkulu, kodwa kulesi simo, umsebenzisi ojwayelekile ngeke abone izinguquko ekusebenzeni. yegajethi yakhe, kusukela ku-4G aseyijwayele kakade. Ngenxa yalokho, i-5G ibeka engcupheni yokuba ikhanda kubathengisi, ukuba nesisekelo esithile sekusasa elikude, ephethe izinzuzo ezijulile, yithi, emhlabeni we-LoT, kodwa umsebenzisi omkhulu ngeke akukhokhele ngokweqile.
Kuthiwani uma?
Uma i-5G iqhudelana ne-4G ngamafrikhwensi aphansi, khona-ke kunengqondo ukucabanga ukuthi izinga elisha lizokwethulwa kumafrikhwensi angu-5 GHz nangaphezulu. Ngempela, ngokwezinga elisha, lingethulwa kumafrikhwensi afinyelela ku-300 GHz. Kodwa lapha sihlangabezana nesithiyo esisha: ukusetshenziswa kwegagasi lemilimitha ngomshini weselula kubangela ukungqubuzana nesimbangi ngendlela yobuchwepheshe be-WiFi.
I-WiFi ibe yisitha sakudala sabasebenzisi beselula. Ngemva kokuthatha isilinganiso segolide phakathi kwentengo ye-megabyte "enezintambo" nezinga lokuhamba, isizinze ngokuqinile emakhaya ethu, amahhovisi, ezokuthutha ngisho namapaki. Njengoba kunezimiso zokudluliswa kwedatha okungenantambo efana ne-5G, ubuchwepheshe be-WiFi bulandele indlela yabo yokuthuthuka futhi bathatha ngokuthembekile indawo yabo eyingqayizivele kuze kube muva nje.
Ukukhuluma iqiniso, isimo sezokuxhumana kwe-IT sekuyisikhathi eside singenangqondo, futhi nansi into. Akukacaci ukuthi ngubani owaba ngowokuqala ukungena engadini kabani - abahlinzeki be-inthanethi abanocingo lwabo lwe-IP kuma-opharetha amaselula, noma opharetha abane-2-3-4-5G yabo baqale ukukhipha ithrafikhi ye-inthanethi kubahlinzeki abancane, kodwa manje sekukhona ukungqubuzana kwezintshisekelo. Opharetha beselula empeleni baba abahlinzeki be-inthanethi, abahlinzeki be-inthanethi bahlala bengabahlinzeki be-inthanethi, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo bahlala bengabalandeli besakhiwo senethiwekhi esihluke kancane. Empeleni, sibone ukuguquguquka okuguquguqukayo ku-IT. Uma sicabangela izinga elisetshenzisiwe le-5G hhayi kusukela ekubukeni kwenguquko esizukulwaneni se-4G, okufanele ekugcineni sishintshe ngokuphelele, njengoba kwenzeka ngempela nge-2-3G ngaphambili, kodwa sibize, sithi, umbulali we-WiFi? Kulokhu, okuningi kokungahambisani nokungaqondakali okuhlotshaniswa ne-5G kungase kubonakale kuqondakala kakhulu futhi kuthathe indawo yakho kuchungechunge olunengqondo.
Imiphumela
Iziteshi ze-inthanethi esingaxhumana ngazo nomhlaba wonke ziyefana ku-opharetha weselula omkhulu kanye nomhlinzeki we-inthanethi onezintambo zasekhaya. Ibhizinisi lakho kokubili liqala ezingeni lomhlinzeki weklayenti. Mina nawe sizongena kanjani ku-World Wide Web futhi kunebhizinisi lezigidigidi zamadola elenziwe kubuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene, izinto zokusebenza, kanye nemikhiqizo. Isimo lapho sisebenzisa izindlela ezimbili ezihlukene zokuhlela ukufinyelela ku-inthanethi ngaphambilini besinengqondo, futhi ngokusobala lokhu ngeke kuphele kusasa, kodwa umhlaba ulwela ukwenza lula. Ukwenqaba ukusebenzisa izinsiza zabahlinzeki bakudala kuzoba umphumela wezinkampani ezidala izindlela ezijwayelekile zokufinyelela i-inthanethi ngamanethiwekhi omakhalekhukhwini. Amamojula okuxhumana asemhlabeni wonke, amagajethi βalulaβ avela ku-WiFi engafunwanga, i-Bluetooth, amayunithi e-LAN. Ukubuyiselwa kokuhleleka okumaphakathi nenhlangano yokusakazwa okusimeme, ukuqedwa (ukunciphisa okukhulu) kokungcoliswa kwamagagasi omsakazo emahhovisi, ikakhulukazi ezakhiweni zamafulethi, nakanjani kuzozuzisa umthengi wokugcina. Ingabe kubi kangako ngempela? Mhlawumbe sekuyisikhathi ngempela sokwenza lokhu kugxuma kwekhwalithi?
Abanye bangase bathi konke lokhu kungamampunge, bathi i-WiFi ilandela indlela yayo yokuthuthuka futhi inesethi elula yezinto ezingeke ikuvumele ukuthi ivele ife. Mhlawumbe kunjalo, kumalaptop amasha usengathola kokubili i-Bluetooth nokuphumayo kwe-RJ-45, kodwa kancane kancane. Okwenziwa yi-WiFi kubo ngesinye isikhathi .
Ngalokhu kuthuthukiswa kwemicimbi, kunento eyodwa kuphela okufanele yesabe: uma i-WiFi iba i-anachronism kanye nenqwaba yama-geek, ngeke yini siwele ekubanjweni okunoboya babaqhubi abambalwa be-monopolistic? Ingabe sizophinde sibakhumbule ngempela labo abakhohliwe njengephupho elibi: inkokhelo yesekhondi ngalinye yocingo lwe-IP, amanani "ehhashi" ngemegabhayithi, ukuzulazula nokunye okujabulisayo? Yonke le mibuzo ngokusobala ingeyakusasa, kodwa akufanele sikhohlwe ukuthi namuhla ikusasa eliyizolo, futhi mina nawe singofakazi balokho.
Ukukhangisa okuncane
Siyabonga ngokuhlala nathi. Uyazithanda izindatshana zethu? Ufuna ukubona okuqukethwe okuthakaselayo okwengeziwe? Sisekele ngokufaka i-oda noma ngokuncoma kubangani, , i-analogue ehlukile yamaseva ezinga lokungena, esungulwe yithi ngenxa yakho: (itholakala nge-RAID1 kanye ne-RAID10, kufika kuma-cores angu-24 kuze kufike ku-40GB DDR4).
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Source: www.habr.com