1.1. Isingeniso
Ekhuluma ngokuthuthukiswa kwe-IT eminyakeni embalwa edlule, umuntu akanakuhluleka ukuphawula isabelo sezixazululo ze-Cloud phakathi kwabanye. Ake sithole ukuthi yiziphi izixazululo zefu, ubuchwepheshe, njll.
I-Cloud computing (noma izinsiza zamafu) isethi ekhethekile yamathuluzi nezindlela zokuthutha, ukugcinwa kanye nokucutshungulwa kwedatha ezinsizeni zekhompuyutha ezikude, ezihlanganisa amaseva, izinhlelo zokugcina idatha (DSS), amasistimu okudlulisa idatha (DTS).
Lapho ukhiqiza umkhiqizo we-IT, kungaba iwebhusayithi yekhadi lebhizinisi, isitolo se-inthanethi, iphothali enomthwalo omkhulu noma isistimu yedathabheyisi, kukhona okungenani izinketho ezimbili zokubeka umkhiqizo wakho.
Emagcekeni ekhasimende (eng. - on-premise) noma efwini. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, akunakwenzeka ukusho ngokuqinisekile ukuthi iyiphi inzuzo enkulu ngokwemali esimweni esivamile.
Uma usebenzisa iseva lapho une-database encane esebenzayo engadingi ukubekezelelana kwamaphutha kanye newebhusayithi elula ngaphandle komthwalo omningi - yebo, ukusingathwa okusekelwe phansi kuyinketho yakho. Kodwa ngokushesha nje lapho umthwalo wakho womsebenzi nezidingo zanda, kufanele ucabange ngokuthuthela efwini.
1.2. Amafu phakathi kwethu
Ngaphambi kokuxoxa ngokuqondile ngokuthi amafu ahlinzekwa kanjani, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi indaba yamafu ayiphathelene neziqhwaga ezinkulu zomkhakha we-IT kanye nezinsizakalo zabo zangaphakathi.Siphinde sisebenzisa i-cloud computing nsuku zonke.
Namuhla, ngo-2019, kunzima ukuthola umuntu obengeke asebenzise i-Instagram, i-imeyili, amamephu kanye nesiminyaminya ocingweni lwakhe. Kugcinwe kuphi futhi kucutshungulwe kuphi konke lokhu? Kulungile!
Ngisho noma wena, njengochwepheshe be-IT enkampanini okungenani enenethiwekhi yegatsha elincane (ukuze ucacise), faka izinhlelo zokugcina kungqalasizinda, noma ngabe unikeza kanjani ukufinyelela esisetshenziswa, kungaba isixhumi esibonakalayo sewebhu, i-ftp noma i-samba. , lokhu okwabasebenzisi bakho i-vault izoba ifu elitholakala... ndawana thize lapho. Singathini ngezinto esizijwayele esizisebenzisa kalula izikhathi eziyishumi nambili nsuku zonke.
2.1. Izinhlobo Zokusetshenziswa Kwekhono Lamafu
Kulungile, ifu. Kodwa akulula kangako. Futhi sonke siza emsebenzini - abantu abathengisa, ochwepheshe be-IT, abaphathi. Kodwa lona umqondo obanzi, ngamunye unenjongo kanye nezigaba ezithile. Kuyafana lapha. Ngokuvamile, izinsizakalo zamafu zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo ezi-4.
1.Ifu lomphakathi iyinkundla evuleleke esidlangalaleni kubo bonke abasebenzisi mahhala noma ngokubhalisa okukhokhelwayo. Imvamisa iphathwa umuntu othile noma ibhizinisi elisemthethweni. Isibonelo i-portal-aggregator yezihloko zolwazi lwesayensi.
2. Ifu eliyimfihlo - okuphambene ncamashi nephuzu loku-1. Lena inkundla evaliwe emphakathini, ngokuvamile ehloselwe inkampani eyodwa (noma inkampani kanye nezinhlangano ezisebenzisana nabo). Ukufinyelela kunikezwa kubasebenzisi kuphela umlawuli wesistimu. Lezi kungaba izinsiza zangaphakathi, isibonelo inethiwekhi ye-intranet, isistimu ye-SD (ideskithophu), i-CRM, njll. Ngokuvamile, abanikazi bamafu noma bezingxenye bathatha indaba yokuphepha kolwazi nokuvikelwa kwebhizinisi njengento ebaluleke kakhulu, njengoba ulwazi mayelana nokuthengisa, amaklayenti, izinhlelo zamasu zezinkampani, njll. zigcinwa emafwini angasese.
3. Ifu lomphakathi singasho ukuthi leli ifu langasese elisakazwa phakathi kwezinkampani eziningana ezinemisebenzi efanayo noma izintshisekelo ezifanayo. Kuvame ukusetshenziswa uma kudingekile ukunikeza amalungelo okusebenzisa insiza yesicelo kubantu abaningana, iminyango evela ezinkampanini ezahlukene.
4. Ifu elihlanganisiwe Lolu wuhlobo lwengqalasizinda ehlanganisa okungenani izinhlobo ezimbili zokusatshalaliswa. Isibonelo esivame kakhulu ukukala isikhungo sedatha yeklayenti kusetshenziswa ifu. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze ulondoloze imali, uma kungenakwenzeka ukuthuthela efwini 100%, noma ngenxa yezizathu zokuphepha nokuhambisana.
2.2. Izinhlobo zesevisi
Super, izinhlobo zokuthunyelwa zihluke kakhulu, kodwa kufanele kube khona okuzihlanganisayo? Yebo, lezi izinhlobo zesevisi, ziyefana kuzo zonke izinhlobo zamafu. Ake sibheke ezi-3 ezivame kakhulu.
IaaS (ingqalasizinda njengensizakalo) - ingqalasizinda njengomsebenzi. Ngalolu khetho, unikezwa amaseva ngendlela yemishini ebonakalayo (ama-VM), amadiski, imishini yenethiwekhi, lapho ungathumela khona i-OS nendawo oyidingayo, faka izinsiza, njll. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi manje ngithuthuka ngenkuthalo efwini kusuka ku-Yandex, ngaqala ukujwayelana ne-GCP (I-Google Cloud Platform), ngakho-ke ngizonikeza izibonelo ngokumelene nesizinda sayo, futhi ngokujwayelekile ngizokhuluma ngabahlinzeki ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngakho, isibonelo sesixazululo se-IaaS ku-GCP kungaba isici se-Compute Engine. Labo. Lena i-BM evamile evamile ozikhethela yona isistimu yokusebenza, ulungiselele isofthiwe ngokwakho futhi usebenzise izinhlelo zokusebenza. Ake sibheke isibonelo. Ungumhleli we-python futhi ufuna ukwenza iwebhusayithi ene-backend efwini, ucabangela kuphela inketho ye-IaaS. Udinga ukuthatha i-VM eyodwa lapho isiza sizosebenza khona, kulokhu udinga ukukufaka (ku-gcp ikhethiwe esigabeni sokwenza isibonelo) i-OS, buyekeza umphathi wepacker (kungani kungenjalo), faka inguqulo edingekayo python, nginx, njll... Kuma-VM amathathu yakha iqoqo ledatha ye-failover (nakhona ngokwenza). Nikeza ngokugawula, njll. Kushibhile futhi yinde, kodwa uma ufuna ukuguquguquka okukhulu, lokhu ukukhetha kwakho.
Okulandelayo okuseduze nokulula kanye nezindleko eziphezulu I-PaaS (ipulatifomu njengensizakalo). Lapha futhi uthola i-VM, yebo, kodwa ngaphandle kwekhono lokushintsha ukucushwa ngokuguquguqukayo, awukhethi i-OS, isethi yesofthiwe, njll., uthola indawo esenziwe ngomumo yomkhiqizo wakho. Ake sibuyele esibonelweni esifanayo. Uthenga izimo ezimbili ze-App Engine ku-GCP, esinye sazo sizoba yingxenye yesizindalwazi, esesibili sizoba yingxenye yeseva yewebhu. Awudingi ukulungisa noma yiziphi izinhlelo zosekelo; ungaqalisa indawo yokukhiqiza khona kanye nje kwebhokisi. Kubiza ngaphezulu, kufanele uvume, umsebenzi kufanele ukhokhelwe, futhi yonke iScript ikusebenzele. Kodwa uthola inkundla eseyenziwe ngomumo ongasebenza nayo.
Okwesithathu kwezinketho eziyinhloko, emi ngaphezu kokunye - I-SaaS (Isofthiwe Njengesevisi). Awuyilungisi kahle i-VM, awuyilungisi nhlobo. Awudingi ukuba uchwepheshe we-IT, awudingi ukubhala ikhodi, awudingi ukwenza i-backend. Ingabe konke sekumi ngomumo. Lezi izixazululo esezilungile, ezisetshenzisiwe, njenge-GSuite (ngaphambilini eyayaziwa ngokuthi i-Google Apps), i-DropBox, i-Office 365.
3.1. Yini ngaphansi kwesivalo?
Ukutholile ekhanda lakho? Kulungile, asiqhubeke. Sathenga i-VM, sasebenza ngayo, sayichitha futhi sathenga ezinye ezingu-10. Asithengi i-hardware, kodwa siyazi ukuthi kufanele ibe ndawana thize. Lapho wethula indawo yokugcina kungqalasizinda yebhizinisi lakho, kungenzeka ukuthi uyifake endaweni yokubeka egumbini leseva. Ngakho-ke, abahlinzeki bobuchwepheshe bamafu bakunikeza ingxenye yegumbi labo leseva ukuze uqashwe, enosayizi omkhulu kuphela. Okubizwa nge-DPC (isikhungo sokucubungula idatha). Lezi izakhiwo ezinkulu ezitholakala cishe kuwo wonke umhlaba. Ukwakhiwa kuvame ukwenziwa eduze kwalezo zindawo ezingaba umthombo wokupholisa kwemvelo okungenani ingxenye yonyaka, kodwa abanye abameleli nabo bangakhiwa ogwadule lwaseNevada. Ngaphezu kweqiniso lokuthi umhlinzeki ubeka amakhulu amaningana ama-rack ku-hangar enkulu, ukhathazekile nangokudluliswa kokushisa (ingabe bayazi ukuthi amakhompyutha awakwazi ukuqhwa futhi ashiswe ngokweqile?), mayelana nokuphepha kwedatha yakho, ikakhulukazi endaweni ebonakalayo. izinga, ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ukuthi ungene esikhungweni sedatha ngokungemthetho kuzosebenza? Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izindlela zokugcina idatha esikhungweni sedatha ziyahluka phakathi kwabahlinzeki abahlukene; abanye benza amarekhodi asabalalisiwe phakathi kwezikhungo zedatha ezihlukene, kuyilapho abanye bewagcina ngokuvikelekile kwesinye.
3.2. Amafu manje futhi uma sibheka emuva. Abahlinzeki
Ngokuvamile, uma umba emlandweni, izimfuneko zokuqala zokudala amapulatifomu amafu anamuhla abuyele emuva maphakathi nawo-70s wekhulu leminyaka elidlule, ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa nokuqaliswa kwe-prototype ye-intanethi ye-ARPANET. Khona-ke inkulumo yayiwukuthi ngolunye usuku abantu bazokwazi ukuthola zonke izinsiza ezingenzeka ngenethiwekhi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, iziteshi zazizinzile futhi zibanzi kakhulu, futhi ngo-1999 kwavela uhlelo lokuqala lwe-CRM yezohwebo, olunikezwa kuphela ngokubhalisa futhi yi-SaaS yokuqala, amakhophi alo agcinwe esikhungweni esisodwa sedatha. Kamuva, inkampani yabela izingxenye ezimbalwa ezihlinzeka nge-PaaS ngokubhalisela, okuhlanganisa necala elikhethekile i-BDaaS (isizinda sedatha njengesevisi) Ngo-2002, i-Amazon yakhipha isevisi ekuvumela ukuthi ugcine futhi ucubungule ulwazi, futhi ngo-2008 yethula isevisi lapho umsebenzisi angakha khona imishini yakhe ebonakalayo, yile ndlela inkathi yobuchwepheshe obukhulu befu eqala ngayo.
Manje kuvamile ukukhuluma ngezintathu ezinkulu (nakuba ngibona ezine ezinkulu phakathi nonyaka): Izinsizakalo zewebhu ze-Amazon, i-Microsoft Azure, i-Google Cloud Platform ... Yandex Cloud. Kuhle ikakhulukazi kokugcina, ngoba lapho abantu bakithi beqhuma ngokushesha esiteji somhlaba, ukuziqhenya okukhethekile kugijima esikhumbeni.
Kukhona nezinkampani eziningi, isibonelo, i-Oracle noma i-Alibaba, enamafu azo, kodwa ngenxa yezimo ezithile azithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabasebenzisi. Futhi-ke, abafana abasingatha, abangabahlinzeki abahlinzeka ngezixazululo ze-PaaS noma ze-SaaS.
3.3. Amanani Nezibonelelo
Ngeke ngigxile kakhulu kunqubomgomo yentengo yabahlinzeki, ngoba uma kungenjalo kuzoba ukukhangisa okuvulekile. Ngingathanda ukuqaphela iqiniso lokuthi zonke izinkampani ezinkulu zihlinzeka ngezibonelelo kusuka ku-$200 kuya ku-$700 unyaka noma izikhathi ezimfushane ukuze wena, njengabasebenzisi, ukwazi ukuzwa amandla ezixazululo zabo futhi uqonde ukuthi yini ngempela oyidingayo.
Futhi, zonke izinkampani ezivela kwabathathu abakhulu... noma ezine sezizo... zinikeze ithuba lokujoyina izilinganiso zabalingani, ukuqhuba amasemina nokuqeqeshwa, ukuhlinzeka ngesitifiketi kanye nezinzuzo zemikhiqizo yabo.
Source: www.habr.com