Yini okufanele sakhe i-Mesh: umhlinzeki we-inthanethi ohlukaniselwe "Medium" wenza kanjani i-inthanethi entsha esekelwe ku-Yggdrasil

Ukubingelela!

Impela ngeke kube yizindaba ezinkulu kuwe lokho "I-Runet Ebusayo" sekuseduze nje - umthetho usuqalile ukusebenza 1 Novemba kulo nyaka.

Ngeshwa, izosebenza kanjani (nokuthi izosebenza?) akucaci kahle: imiyalelo eqondile yabasebenzi bezingcingo ayikatholakali esidlangalaleni. Azikho futhi izindlela, izinhlawulo, izinhlelo, ukwabiwa kwezibopho kanye nezibopho - kukhona isimemezelo nje.

Isimo esifanayo sabonwa mayelana nokuqaliswa kwezinhlelo ze- "Yarovaya Law" - imishini yomthetho ayizange ithuthukiswe ngesikhathi futhi abaqhubi bezingcingo abahamba phambili bezwe baphoqeleka ukuthi baxhumane kaningi nabakhiqizi bemishini ekhethekile ngemibuzo efanele. Kodwa-ke, abayitholanga impendulo mayelana nolwazi mayelana nemishini noma amasampula ngokwawo.

Kodwa into eyinhloko akukhona ukuthi umthetho uzoqala ukusebenza ngokushesha futhi yiziphi izinguquko ezisilindele. Okubalulekile ukuthi sibonga ukwethulwa kwalo mthethosivivinywa, umphakathi wabashisekayo waqala ukuthunyelwa kwendawo yezokuxhumana ezimele ezweni lethu.

Namuhla ngizokhuluma ngalokho esesivele sikwenzile, esizokwenza esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, nokuthi ibuphi ubunzima nezinkinga okwadingeka sibhekane nazo lapho sithuthukisa lo msebenzi.

Umayelana nani umthetho?

Ngaphambi kokudlulela engxenyeni yezobuchwepheshe yephrojekthi yethu, ngidinga ukubhuka mayelana nokuthi uyini umthetho othi "Ku-Runet Ebusayo".

Ngamafuphi: iziphathimandla zifuna "ukuvikela" ingxenye yaseRussia ye-inthanethi uma kwenzeka izitha zethu esizibona zifuna ukuyivala. Kodwa "umgwaqo oya esihogweni ugandaywe ngezinhloso ezinhle" - akucaci ngokuphelele ukuthi bazosivikela kubani nokuthi "izitha", empeleni, zingaphazamisa kanjani umsebenzi wengxenye ye-Inthanethi yaseRussia.

Ukuze kusetshenziswe lesi simo sokuhlasela, wonke amazwe emhlabeni kufanele akhe uzungu, anqamule zonke izintambo ezinqamula umngcele, adubule amasathelayithi asekhaya futhi adale ukuphazanyiswa komsakazo njalo.

Akuzwakali kunengqondo kakhulu.

Iyini iMedium?

Medium (eng. Medium - "umlamuli", isiqubulo sokuqala - Ungabuzi ubumfihlo bakho. Yibuyisele; futhi ngesiNgisi igama naphakathi lisho “okumaphakathi”) - umhlinzeki we-inthanethi ohlukaniswe waseRussia ohlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokufinyelela kunethiwekhi I-Yggdrasil Mahhala.

Yadalwa nini, kuphi futhi kungani i-Medium?

Ekuqaleni iphrojekthi yacatshangelwa njenge Inethiwekhi ye-Mesh в Isifunda sasedolobheni saseKolomna.

I-“Medium” yasungulwa ngo-April 2019 njengengxenye yokwakhiwa kwendawo yezokuxhumana ezimele ngokunikeza abasebenzisi bokugcina ukufinyelela kuzinsiza zenethiwekhi ye-Yggdrasil ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokudluliswa kwedatha okungenantambo kwe-Wi-Fi.

Ngingalutholaphi uhlu oluphelele lwazo zonke izindawo zenethiwekhi?Ungayithola ku amakhosombe ku-GitHub.

Iyini i-Yggdrasil futhi kungani iMedium iyisebenzisa njengokuthutha kwayo okuyinhloko?

I-Yggdrasil iwukuzihlela Inethiwekhi ye-Mesh, enekhono lokuxhuma amarutha womabili kumodi yembondela (phezu kwe-inthanethi) futhi aqondane ngokuqondile ngoxhumo olunezintambo noma olwentambo.

I-Yggdrasil iwukuqhubeka kwephrojekthi CjDNS. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-Yggdrasil ne-CjDNS ukusetshenziswa kwephrothokholi STP (iphrothokholi yesihlahla enwebekayo).

Ngokuzenzakalelayo, wonke amarutha akunethiwekhi asebenzisa ukubethela ngasemaphethelweni ukudlulisa idatha phakathi kwabanye ababambi qhaza.

Ukukhethwa kwenethiwekhi ye-Yggdrasil njengezokuthutha eziyinhloko kwakungenxa yesidingo sokwandisa isivinini sokuxhuma (kuze kube ngu-August 2019, Medium esetshenzisiwe I2P).

Ukushintshela ku-Yggdrasil kuphinde kwanikeza abahlanganyeli bephrojekthi ithuba lokuqala ukusebenzisa inethiwekhi ye-Mesh nge-topology ye-Full-Mesh. Inhlangano yenethiwekhi enjalo iyikhambi elisebenza kahle kakhulu lokulwa nokucwaninga.

Debriefing: yimaphi amaphutha esesiwenzile?

"Isipiliyoni siyindodana yamaphutha anzima." Ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwe-Medium, sikwazile ukuxazulula izinkinga eziningi eziqubuke endleleni.

Iphutha #1: Ingqalasizinda Ebalulekile Yomphakathi

Enye yezinkinga eziyinhloko ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwenethiwekhi kwakungenzeka ukuthi kwenziwe Ukuhlaselwa kwe-MITM. I-traffic phakathi kwe-router ye-opharetha kanye nedivayisi yeklayenti ayizange ibethelwe nganoma iyiphi indlela, ngoba ithrafikhi eyinhloko ikhishwe ngokuqondile kumzila womqhubi.

Inkinga ibiwukuthi noma ubani angaba ngemuva kwerutha - futhi besingafuni ngempela ukuthi “umuntu” akwazi ukulalela yonke into amaklayenti ayeyithola.

Iphutha lethu lokuqala kwaba ukwethula ingqalasizinda ebalulekile yomphakathi (I-PKI).

Sibonga ukusetshenziswa kweleveli 7 Imodeli yenethiwekhi ye-OSI Sisuse ukuhlaselwa kohlobo lwe-MITM, kodwa sathola inkinga entsha - isidingo sokufaka izitifiketi kuziphathimandla zokuqinisekisa izimpande. Futhi izikhungo zezitifiketi zingenye inkinga engenasidingo. Igama eliyinhloko lapha lithi “ukwethembana.”

Udinga ukwethemba umuntu futhi! Kuthiwani uma isiphathimandla sesitifiketi siba sengozini? Njengoba u-Comrade Murphy esitshela, maduze noma ngokuhamba kwesikhathi isiphathimandla sokunikeza izitifiketi sizobe sesenkingeni. Futhi leli yiqiniso elibabayo.

Sacabanga isikhathi eside mayelana nokuxazulula le nkinga futhi ekugcineni safinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi asikho isidingo sokusebenzisa i-PKI - kwanele ukusebenzisa Ukubethela komdabu kwe-Yggdrasil.

Ngemva kokwenza izinguquko ezifanele, i-topology yenethiwekhi “Emaphakathi” ithathe ngale ndlela elandelayo:

Iphutha #2: I-DNS ephakathi

Besidinga isistimu yegama lesizinda kusukela ekuqaleni, ngoba amakheli e-IPv6 anzima abengabukeki nje kuphela - bekunzima ukuwasebenzisa kuma-hyperlink, futhi ukuntuleka kwengxenye ye-semantic kwaba ukuphazamiseka okukhulu.

Sakhe amaseva ambalwa ezimpande ze-DNS agcine ikhophi yohlu Amarekhodi AAAA, etholakala ku amakhosombe ku-GitHub.

Nokho, inkinga yokuthembana ayikasuki - opharetha angangena esikhundleni sekheli le-IPv6 kuseva ye-DNS ngokuphazima kweso. Uma unobuhlakani obuthile, bucishe bubonakale kwabanye.

Njengoba singasebenzisi i-HTTPS futhi, ikakhulukazi, ubuchwepheshe I-HSTS, lapho konakala ikheli ku-DNS, bekungenzeka ukwenza ukuhlasela ngokulimaza ikheli le-IPv6 leseva yokugcina ngaphandle kwezinkinga.

Isixazululo asithathanga sikhathi savela: sanquma ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe I-EmerDNS - i-DNS emisiwe.

Ngomqondo othile, i-EmerDNS ifana nefayela labasingathi, lapho kukhona okufakiwe kwawo wonke amasayithi aziwayo. Kodwa ngokungafani nababungazi:

• Ulayini ngamunye ku-EmerDNS ungalungiswa kuphela umnikazi wawo, futhi akekho omunye
• Ukungenzeki “kokungenelela kukaNkulunkulu (umphathi omkhulu)” kuqinisekiswa ukuvumelana kwabavukuzi
• Leli fayela liyafana kuwo wonke umuntu, okuqinisekiswa indlela yokuphindaphinda ye-blockchain
• Injini yokusesha esheshayo ifakiwe nefayela.

Source: "I-EmerDNS - enye i-DNSSEC"

Iphutha #3: Ukuhlanganisa yonke into

Ekuqaleni, igama elithi “i-inthanethi” lalisho okunye amanethiwekhi axhunyiwe noma inethiwekhi yamanethiwekhi.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, abantu bayeka ukuhlobanisa i-inthanethi nokuthile kwezemfundo futhi baba umqondo wansuku zonke, njengoba ithonya layo lisakazeka kabanzi ezimpilweni zabantu abavamile.

Okusho ukuthi, ekuqaleni i-inthanethi yahlukaniswa. Namuhla akukwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi yi-decentralization, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lo mqondo uye wasinda kuze kube yilolu suku - kuphela izindawo ezinkulu zokushintshaniswa kwethrafikhi ezilawulwa yizinkampani ezinkulu. Futhi izinkampani ezinkulu, nazo, zilawulwa nguhulumeni.

Kodwa ake sibuyele enkingeni yethu - umkhuba obheke endaweni eyodwa usethwa opharetha bezinsizakalo ngazinye njengezinkundla zokuxhumana, amaseva e-imeyili, izithunywa ezisheshayo, njalo njalo.

“Okumaphakathi” kulokhu bekungehlukile neze ku-inthanethi enkulu kuze kube manje - izinsiza eziningi bezibekwe endaweni eyodwa futhi zilawulwa opharetha ngabanye.

Manje sinqume ukusetha inkambo yokwahlukaniswa okuphelele - ukuze amasevisi abalulekile akwazi ukuqhubeka nokusebenza kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kukhona ukwehluleka kuseva emaphakathi yesisebenzisi noma cha.

Njengesistimu yemiyalezo esheshayo esiyisebenzisayo Matrix. Njengezinkundla zokuxhumana - I-mastodon и UHubzilla. Ngokusingatha ividiyo - I-PeerTube.

Yebo, izinsizakalo eziningi zisabekwe endaweni eyodwa futhi zisalawulwa abaqhubi ngabanye, kodwa into eyinhloko ukuthi kunomnyakazo obheke ekwahlukaniseni okuphelele futhi uzwakala yiwo wonke amalungu omphakathi.

I-inthanethi yamahhala e-Russia iqala ngawe

Unganikeza lonke usizo olungenzeka ekusungulweni kwe-inthanethi yamahhala eRussia namuhla. Sihlanganise uhlu olubanzi lokuthi ungasiza kanjani inethiwekhi:

       Tshela abangani bakho nosebenza nabo mayelana nenethiwekhi ye-Medium
       Yabelana ngereferensi kulesi sihloko ezinkundleni zokuxhumana noma ibhulogi yomuntu siqu
       Bamba iqhaza engxoxweni yezinkinga zobuchwepheshe kunethiwekhi Ephakathi ku-GitHub
       Dala isevisi yakho yewebhu ku-inthanethi I-Yggdrasil
       Phakamisa eyakho indawo yokungena kunethiwekhi ye-Medium

Funda futhi:

Akukho engikufihlayo
Konke obufuna ukukwazi mayelana nomhlinzeki we-inthanethi ohlukaniselwe i-Medium, kodwa wesaba ukukubuza
Sthandwa, sibulala i-inthanethi

Unemibuzo? Joyina ingxoxo kuTelegram: @medium_general.

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Okunye ukuvota: kubalulekile ngathi ukuthi sazi umbono walabo abangenayo i-akhawunti ephelele ngo-Habré

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Bangu-68 abasebenzisi abavotile. Abasebenzisi abangu-16 bagobile.

Source: www.habr.com