Muva nje, amadivaysi asekela ubuchwepheshe be-Wi-Fi 6 (IEEE 802.11ax), okukhulunywa ngayo kakhulu, asanda kungena emakethe. Kodwa bambalwa abantu abazi ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwesizukulwane esisha sobuchwepheshe be-Wi-Fi sekuvele kuqhubeka - Wi-Fi 7 (IEEE 802.11be). Thola ukuthi i-Wi-Fi 7 izoba njani kulesi sihloko.
prehistory
NgoSepthemba 2020, sizogubha iminyaka engama-30 yephrojekthi ye-IEEE 802.11, ebe nomthelela omkhulu ezimpilweni zethu. Okwamanje, ubuchwepheshe be-Wi-Fi, obuchazwa umndeni wezindinganiso we-IEEE 802.11, ubuchwepheshe obungenawaya obusetshenziswa kakhulu obusetshenziswa ukuxhuma ku-inthanethi, nge-Wi-Fi ephethe ngaphezu kwengxenye yethrafikhi yabasebenzisi. Nakuba ubuchwepheshe bamaselula buzivuselela njalo ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi, njengokushintsha igama elithi 4G nge-5G, kubasebenzisi be-Wi-Fi, ukuthuthukiswa kwezivinini zedatha, kanye nokwethulwa kwezinsizakalo ezintsha nezici ezintsha, kwenzeka cishe kungaziwa. Ambalwa amakhasimende anendaba nezinhlamvu ezithi "n", "ac" noma "izembe" ezilandela "802.11" emabhokisini wezinto zokusebenza. Kodwa lokho akusho ukuthi i-Wi-Fi ayiguquki.
Obunye ubufakazi bokuvela kwe-Wi-Fi ukukhula okumangalisayo kwezivinini zedatha elinganiselwe: ukusuka ku-2 Mbps enguqulweni yango-1997 ukuya cishe ku-10 Gbps ezingeni lakamuva le-802.11ax, elibuye laziwe nge-Wi-Fi 6. I-Wi-Fi yesimanje ifinyelela kuleyo ndlela. izinzuzo zokusebenza ngenxa yemiklamo esheshayo yesignali nekhodi, iziteshi ezibanzi kanye nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe .
Ngokungeziwe kumanethiwekhi endawo angenantambo anesivinini esikhulu, ukuvela kwe-Wi-Fi kufaka phakathi amaphrojekthi amaningana. Isibonelo, i-Wi-Fi HaLow (802.11ah) bekuwumzamo wokuletha i-Wi-Fi emakethe ye-inthanethi yezinto ezingenantambo. I-Millimeter wave i-Wi-Fi (802.11ad/ay) isekela amanani edatha avamile angafika ku-275 Gbps, nakuba ebangeni elifushane kakhulu.
Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezintsha namasevisi ahlobene nokusakaza kwevidiyo enencazelo ephezulu, okungokoqobo okungokoqobo nokungathandwa kwabathelisi esikubona, amageyimu, ihhovisi elikude kanye nekhompyutha yamafu, kanye nesidingo sokusekela izinombolo ezinkulu zabasebenzisi abanethrafikhi eshubile kumanethiwekhi angenantambo, kudinga ukusebenza okuphezulu.
Amagoli we-Wi-Fi angu-7
NgoMeyi 2019, iqembu elincane le-BE (TGbe) leQembu Elisebenzayo le-802.11 leKomidi Lamazinga Lenethiwekhi Yendawo kanye ne-Metropolitan Area laqala umsebenzi wokwengeza okusha kuzinga le-Wi-Fi elizokhuphuka. i-output evamile efika ngaphezu kuka-40 Gbit/s esiteshini esisodwa samafrikhwensi "esivamile" sebanga le-Wi-Fi <= 7 GHz. Nakuba imibhalo eminingi ibala "umthamo ophezulu okungenani ongu-30 Gbps", iphrothokholi entsha yesendlalelo esiphathekayo izohlinzeka ngesivinini esilinganiselwe esingaphezu kuka-40 Gbps.
Enye inkomba ebalulekile yokuthuthukiswa kwe-Wi-Fi 7 ithi ukwesekwa kwezicelo zesikhathi sangempela (imidlalo, okwangempela nokungathandwa kwabathelisi esikubona, ukulawula irobhothi). Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi nakuba i-Wi-Fi iphatha umsindo nevidiyo ngendlela ekhethekile, sekuyisikhathi eside kukholakala ukuthi ukunikeza izinga elijwayelekile le-latency eqinisekisiwe ephansi (ama-millisecond), eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Time-Sensitive Networking, kumanethiwekhi e-Wi-Fi ngokuyisisekelo. akunakwenzeka. NgoNovemba 2017, ithimba lethu elivela ku-IITP RAS kanye ne-National Research University Higher School of Economics (ungathathi njenge-PR) lenze isiphakamiso esihambisanayo eqenjini le-IEEE 802.11. Lesi siphakamiso sidale intshisekelo enkulu futhi iqembu elincane elikhethekile lasungulwa ngoJulayi 2018 ukuze lifunde kabanzi lolu daba. Ngenxa yokuthi ukusekela izinhlelo zokusebenza zesikhathi sangempela kudinga kokubili izilinganiso zedatha ezivamile kanye nokusebenza okuthuthukisiwe kwesendlalelo sesixhumanisi, Iqembu Lokusebenza le-802.11 linqume ukuthuthukisa izindlela zokusekela izinhlelo zokusebenza zesikhathi sangempela ngaphakathi kwe-Wi-Fi 7.
Inkinga ebalulekile nge-Wi-Fi 7 wukusebenzisana kwayo nobuchwepheshe benethiwekhi yeselula (4G/5G) obuthuthukiswa i-3GPP futhi isebenza ngamabhendi afanayo angenalayisensi. Sikhuluma nge-LTE-LAA/NR-U. Ukuze kufundwe izinkinga ezihlobene nokuhlalisana kwe-Wi-Fi namanethiwekhi weselula, i-IEEE 802.11 yethule iKomidi Elimisiwe Elikhona Elikhona (Coex SC). Ngaphandle kwemihlangano eminingi ngisho neshabhu ehlanganyelwe yabahlanganyeli be-3GPP kanye ne-IEEE 802.11 ngoJulayi 2019 e-Vienna, izixazululo zobuchwepheshe azikakagunyazwa. Incazelo engaba khona yalokhu kuyize ukuthi bobabili i-IEEE 802 kanye ne-3GPP bayanqikaza ukushintsha ubuchwepheshe babo ukuze buhambisane nobunye. Ngakho, Okwamanje akukacaci ukuthi izingxoxo ze-Coex SC zizoba nomthelela yini ezingeni le-Wi-Fi 7.
Inqubo yentuthuko
Nakuba inqubo yokuthuthukisa i-Wi-Fi 7 isezigabeni zayo zakuqala, sekube neziphakamiso ezicishe zibe ngu-500 zokusebenza okusha kwe-Wi-Fi 7 ezayo, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-IEEE 802.11be, kuze kube manje. Iningi lemibono kusaxoxwa ngayo ku-be subgroup futhi isinqumo ngayo besingakathathwa. Eminye imibono isanda kugunyazwa. Ngezansi kuzokhonjiswa ngokucacile ukuthi yiziphi iziphakamiso ezivunyiwe futhi okuxoxwa ngazo kuphela.
Ekuqaleni kwakuhlelwe ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwezindlela ezintsha eziyinhloko kuzoqedwa ngoNdasa wezi-2021. Inguqulo yokugcina yezinga ilindeleke ekuqaleni kuka-2024. NgoJanuwari 2020, abangu-11 baphakamise ukukhathazeka ngokuthi ngabe intuthuko izohlala ihleliwe ngesikhathi samanje somsebenzi. Ukuze kusheshiswe inqubo yokuthuthukisa evamile, iqembu elingaphansi livumile ukukhetha isethi encane yezici ezibaluleke kakhulu ezingakhululwa ngo-2021 (Ukukhishwa 1), futhi ezinye zishiye Ekukhishweni 2. Izici ezibaluleke kakhulu kufanele zinikeze izinzuzo zokusebenza eziyinhloko. futhi ifaka usekelo lwe-320 MHz, 4K- QAM, ukuthuthukiswa okusobala ku-OFDMA kusukela ku-Wi-Fi 6, i-MU-MIMO enokusakaza okungu-16.
Ngenxa ye-coronavirus, leli qembu njengamanje alihlangani mathupha, kodwa lihlala libamba ama-teleconferences. Ngakho, intuthuko yehla kancane, kodwa ayizange ime.
Imininingwane yobuchwepheshe
Ake sibheke izinto ezintsha eziqanjiwe ze-Wi-Fi 7.
- Iphrothokholi entsha yesendlalelo somzimba iwukuthuthukiswa kwephrothokholi ye-Wi-Fi 6 ngokunyuka okuphindwe kabili umkhawulokudonsa ofinyelela ku-320 MHz, uphinda kabili inani lemifudlana ye-MU-MIMO yendawo, okwandisa i-throughput ngo-2Γ2 = izikhathi ezingu-4. I-Wi-Fi 7 nayo iqala ukusebenzisa imodulation 4K-QAM, okwengeza amanye ama-20% ekuphumeni okujwayelekile. Ngakho-ke, i-Wi-Fi 7 izohlinzeka ngo-2x2x1,2 = izikhathi ezingu-4,8 izinga ledatha elilinganiselwe le-Wi-Fi 6: Umkhawulo wokugcina olinganiselwe we-Wi-Fi 7 ngu-9,6 Gbps x 4,8 = 46 Gbit/s. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuzoba noshintsho olushintshayo kuphrothokholi yesendlalelo somzimba ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhambisana nezinguqulo zesikhathi esizayo ze-Wi-Fi, kodwa izohlala ingabonakali kubasebenzisi.
- Ukushintsha indlela yokufinyelela esiteshini ye ukwesekwa kwesicelo sesikhathi sangempela izokwenziwa kucatshangelwa ulwazi lwe-IEEE 802 TSN lwamanethiwekhi anezintambo. Izingxoxo eziqhubekayo ekomitini lamazinga zihlobene nenqubo yokuhlehla engahleliwe yokufinyelela esiteshini, izigaba zesevisi yethrafikhi futhi ngenxa yalokho imigqa ehlukene yethrafikhi yesikhathi sangempela, nezinqubomgomo zesevisi yamaphakethe.
- Kwethulwe ku-Wi-Fi 6 (802.11ax) I-OFDMA β indlela yokufinyelela isiteshi sokuhlukanisa isikhathi nesikhathi (efana naleyo esetshenziswa kunethiwekhi ye-4G ne-5G) - inikeza amathuba amasha okunikezwa kwezinsiza ezifanele. Kodwa-ke, ku-11ax, i-OFDMA ayiguquki ngokwanele. Okokuqala, ivumela indawo yokufinyelela ukuthi inikeze ibhulokhi yensiza eyodwa kuphela yosayizi onqunywe kusengaphambili kudivayisi yeklayenti. Okwesibili, ayisekeli ukudluliswa okuqondile phakathi kweziteshi zamaklayenti. Kokubili ukungalungi kunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-spectral. Ukwengeza, ukuntuleka kokuguquguquka kwefa le-Wi-Fi 6 OFDMA kwehlisa ukusebenza kahle kumanethiwekhi aminyene futhi kukhulisa ukubambezeleka, okubalulekile ezinhlelweni zesikhathi sangempela. 11be izoxazulula lezi zinkinga ze-OFDMA.
- Olunye lwezinguquko eziqinisekisiwe ze-Wi-Fi 7 ukwesekwa komdabu ukusetshenziswa kanyekanye kokuxhumana okuningana okufanayo kumafrikhwensi ahlukene, ewusizo kakhulu kukho kokubili amanani amakhulu wedatha kanye nokubambezeleka okuphansi kakhulu. Nakuba ama-chipsets esimanje angakwazi kakade ukusebenzisa ukuxhumana okuningi ngesikhathi esisodwa, isibonelo, kumabhendi angu-2.4 no-5 GHz, lokhu kuxhumana kuzimele, okukhawulela ukusebenza kahle komsebenzi onjalo. Ngo-11be, kuzotholakala izinga lokuvumelanisa phakathi kwamashaneli elivumela ukusetshenziswa kahle kwezinsiza zesiteshi futhi lizofaka izinguquko ezibalulekile emithethweni yomthetho wokufinyelela wesiteshi.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwamashaneli abanzi kakhulu kanye nenani elikhulu lokugeleza kwendawo kuholela enkingeni yokuphakama okuphezulu okuhlobene nenqubo yokulinganisa isimo sesiteshi edingekayo ku-MIMO ne-OFDMA. Lokhu okungaphezulu kukhansela noma yiziphi izinzuzo ezivela ekukhuphuleni amanani edatha avamile. Bekulindeleke lokho inqubo yokuhlola isimo sesiteshi izobuyekezwa.
- Kumongo we-Wi-Fi 7, ikomidi lamazinga lixoxa ngokusetshenziswa kwezinye izindlela "ezithuthukisiwe" zokudlulisa idatha. Ngokombono, lezi zindlela zithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-spectral esimweni sokuzama ukudlulisa okuphindaphindiwe, kanye nokudluliselwa ngesikhathi esisodwa ngendlela efanayo noma ephikisanayo. Sikhuluma ngesicelo sokuphinda okuzenzakalelayo se-hybrid (HARQ), esisetshenziswa njengamanje kumanethiwekhi weselula, imodi ye-duplex egcwele kanye nokufinyelela okuningi okungeyona i-orthogonal (NOMA). Lawa masu acutshungulwe kahle ezincwadini zethiyori, kodwa akukacaci ukuthi izinzuzo zokukhiqiza ezihlinzekayo zizofaneleka yini umzamo wokuzisebenzisa.
- Sebenzisa I-HARQ yinkimbinkimbi ngale nkinga elandelayo. Ku-Wi-Fi, amaphakethe ahlanganiswe ndawonye ukuze kwehliswe phezulu. Ezinguqulweni zamanje ze-Wi-Fi, ukulethwa kwephakethe ngalinye ngaphakathi kwe-glued kuyaqinisekiswa futhi, uma ukuqinisekiswa kungafiki, ukudluliswa kwephakethe kuyaphindwa kusetshenziswa izindlela zephrothokholi yokufinyelela isiteshi. I-HARQ ihambisa izama futhi kusukela kusixhumanisi sedatha kuya kwesendlalelo somzimba, lapho engasekho amaphakethe, kodwa amagama ekhodi kuphela, futhi imingcele yamagama ekhodi ayihambisani nemingcele yamaphakethe. Lokhu kususwa kokuvumelanisa kwenza kube nzima ukuqaliswa kwe-HARQ ku-Wi-Fi.
- Mayelana I-Full-Duplex, khona-ke okwamanje akukho kumanethiwekhi weselula noma kumanethiwekhi e-Wi-Fi kungenzeka ukudlulisa ngesikhathi esisodwa idatha kusiteshi sefrikhwensi efanayo ukuya noma ukusuka endaweni yokufinyelela (isiteshi esiyisisekelo). Ngokombono wezobuchwepheshe, lokhu kungenxa yomehluko omkhulu emandleni esignali edlulisiwe neyamukelwe. Nakuba kukhona ama-prototypes ahlanganisa ukususwa kwedijithali ne-analog yesiginali edlulisiwe kusuka kusiginali eyamukelwe, ekwazi ukuthola isignali ye-Wi-Fi phakathi nokudluliselwa kwayo, inzuzo abanganikeza ngayo ekusebenzeni ingase ingabi nalutho ngenxa yokuthi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi umfula ongezansi awulingani nokhuphukayo (ngokwesilinganiso βesibhedlelaβ owehlayo mkhulu kakhulu). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukudluliswa okunjalo kwezindlela ezimbili kuzokwenza kube nzima kakhulu inqubo.
- Nakuba ukudlulisa ukusakazwa okuningi kusetshenziswa i-MIMO kudinga izimpondo eziningi kumthumeli nomamukeli, ngokufinyelela okungeyona i-orthogonal indawo yokufinyelela ingadlulisela ngesikhathi esisodwa idatha kubamukeli ababili ukusuka ku-antenna eyodwa. Izinketho ezihlukahlukene zokufinyelela okungezona ze-orthogonal zifakiwe ekucacisweni kwakamuva kwe-5G. I-Prototype NOMA I-Wi-Fi yaqala ukudalwa ngo-2018 ku-IITP RAS (futhi, ungayithathi njenge-PR). Ibonise ukwenyuka kokusebenza ngo-30-40%. Inzuzo yobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe ukuhambisana kwayo emuva: omunye wabamukeli ababili angase abe idivayisi ephelelwe yisikhathi engasekeli i-Wi-Fi 7. Ngokuvamile, inkinga yokuhambisana emuva ibaluleke kakhulu, njengoba amadivaysi ezizukulwane ezahlukene angasebenza kanyekanye. kunethiwekhi ye-Wi-Fi. Njengamanje, amaqembu amaningana emhlabeni jikelele ahlaziya ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa okuhlangene kwe-NOMA ne-MU-MIMO, imiphumela yayo ezonquma isiphetho sesikhathi esizayo sendlela. Futhi siyaqhubeka nokusebenza ngesibonelo: inguqulo yaso elandelayo izokwethulwa engqungqutheleni ye-IEEE INFOCOM ngoJulayi 2020.
- Okokugcina, enye into emisha ebalulekile, kodwa ngesiphetho esingacacile, i ukusebenza okudidiyelwe kwezindawo zokufinyelela. Nakuba abathengisi abaningi benezilawuli zabo ezimaphakathi zamanethiwekhi e-Wi-Fi ebhizinisi, amandla alawo balawuli ngokuvamile akhawulelwe ekucushweni kwepharamitha yesikhathi eside nokukhetha isiteshi. Ikomidi lamazinga lidingida ukubambisana okuseduze phakathi kwezindawo zokufinyelela ezingomakhelwane, okuhlanganisa ukuhlela okudidiyelwe kokudluliswa, ukwakheka kwe-beamform, ngisho nezinhlelo ze-MIMO ezisabalalisiwe. Ezinye zezindlela ezicatshangelwayo zisebenzisa ukukhanselwa kokuphazamiseka okulandelanayo (cishe okufanayo naku-NOMA). Nakuba izindlela zokuxhumanisa zingakathuthukiswa, akungabazeki ukuthi izinga lizovumela izindawo zokufinyelela ezivela kubakhiqizi abahlukene ukuze baxhumanise amashejuli okudlulisela komunye nomunye ukuze kuncishiswe ukugxambukela. Ezinye, izindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu (ezifana ne-MU-MIMO esatshalaliswayo) kuzoba nzima kakhulu ukuzisebenzisa ezingeni, nakuba amanye amalungu eqembu ezimisele ukwenza kanjalo ngaphakathi Kokukhishwa Kwesi-11. Kungakhathaleki umphumela, isiphetho sezindlela zokuxhumanisa izindawo zokufinyelela. akucaci. Ngisho noma zifakwe ezingeni, zingase zingafinyeleli emakethe. Kwenzeke into efanayo ngaphambilini ngenkathi kuzanywa ukuletha ukuhleleka kokudluliswa kwe-Wi-Fi kusetshenziswa izixazululo ezifana ne-HCCA (2e) kanye ne-HCCA TXOP Negotiation (11be).
Kafushane, kubonakala sengathi iziphakamiso eziningi ezihlotshaniswa namaqembu amahlanu okuqala zizoba yingxenye ye-Wi-Fi 7, kuyilapho iziphakamiso ezihlotshaniswa namaqembu amabili okugcina zidinga ucwaningo olwengeziwe olubalulekile ukuze kufakazele ukusebenza kahle kwazo.
Eminye imininingwane yobuchwepheshe
Imininingwane yobuchwepheshe mayelana ne-Wi-Fi 7 ingafundwa (ngesiNgisi)
Source: www.habr.com