Inguqulo yesine ye-OpenShift ikhishwe muva nje. Inguqulo yamanje engu-4.3 ibilokhu itholakala kusukela ekupheleni kukaJanuwari futhi zonke izinguquko kuyo kungenzeka ukuthi yinto entsha ngokuphelele ebingekho enguqulweni yesithathu, noma isibuyekezo esikhulu salokho okuvele kunguqulo 4.1. Yonke into esizokutshela yona manje idinga ukwaziwa, iqondwe futhi inakwe yilabo abasebenza ne-OpenShift futhi bahlele ukushintshela enguqulweni entsha.
Ngokukhishwa kwe-OpenShift 4.2, i-Red Hat yenze ukusebenza ne-Kubernetes kwaba lula. Kuvele amathuluzi amasha nama-plugin okudala iziqukathi, amapayipi e-CI/CD kanye nokuthunyelwa okungenaseva. Ukuqamba okusha kunikeza abathuthukisi ithuba lokugxila ekubhaleni ikhodi, hhayi ekusebenzelaneni ne-Kubernetes.
Empeleni, yini entsha ezinguqulweni ze-OpenShift 4.2 kanye ne-4.3?
Iqhubekela emafini ayingxubevange
Lapho uhlela ingqalasizinda entsha ye-IT noma lapho uthuthukisa indawo ekhona ye-IT, izinkampani ziya ngokuya zicubungula indlela yefu ekuhlinzekweni kwezinsiza ze-IT, ezisebenzisa kuzo izixazululo zamafu ezizimele noma zisebenzisa amandla abahlinzeki bamafu omphakathi. Ngakho-ke, ingqalasizinda yesimanje ye-IT iya ngokuya yakhiwa ngokuya ngemodeli yamafu "hybrid", lapho kusetshenziswa izinsiza ezikhona endaweni kanye nezinsiza zamafu zomphakathi ezinohlelo olujwayelekile lokuphatha. I-Red Hat OpenShift 4.2 iklanyelwe ngokukhethekile ukwenza lula ukushintshela kumodeli yefu eyingxubevange futhi yenza kube lula ukuxhuma izinsiza ezivela kubahlinzeki abafana ne-AWS, Azure ne-Google Cloud Platform kuya kuqoqo, kanye nokusebenzisa amafu ayimfihlo ku-VMware ne-OpenStack.
Indlela entsha yokufaka
Enguqulweni yesi-4, indlela yokufaka i-OpenShift ishintshile. I-Red Hat inikeza insiza ekhethekile yokuphakela iqoqo le-OpenShift - i-openshift-install. Insiza yifayela elilodwa kanambambili elibhalwe kokuthi Go. Isifaki se-Openshit silungisa ifayela le-yaml ngokucushwa okudingekayo ukuze kusetshenziswe.
Uma kufakwa kusetshenziswa izinsiza zamafu, uzodinga ukucacisa imininingwane encane mayelana neqoqo lesikhathi esizayo: indawo ye-DNS, inombolo yama-node wabasebenzi, izilungiselelo ezithile zomhlinzeki wamafu, imininingwane ye-akhawunti yokufinyelela umhlinzeki wamafu. Ngemva kokulungisa ifayela lokucushwa, iqoqo lingatshalwa ngomyalo owodwa.
Uma ufaka izinsiza zakho zekhompiyutha, ngokwesibonelo, lapho usebenzisa ifu eliyimfihlo (i-vSphere ne-OpenStack ziyasekelwa) noma lapho ufaka kumaseva ensimbi angenalutho, uzodinga ukulungiselela ingqalasizinda mathupha - ulungise inani elincane lemishini ebonakalayo noma amaseva aphathekayo adingekayo ukuze kwakhe iqoqo Lendiza Yokulawula, ukulungisa amasevisi enethiwekhi. Ngemuva kwalokhu kulungiselelwa, iqoqo le-OpenShift lingadalwa ngendlela efanayo ngomyalo owodwa wensiza yokuvula i-openshift.
Izibuyekezo zengqalasizinda
Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-CoreOS
Isibuyekezo esiyinhloko ukuhlanganiswa ne-Red Hat CoreOS. Amanodi ayinhloko we-Red Hat OpenShift manje angasebenza kuphela ku-OS entsha. Lolu uhlelo lokusebenza lwamahhala oluvela kuRed Hat olwakhelwe ngqo izixazululo zesitsha. I-Red Hat CoreOS iyi-Linux engasindi elungiselelwe ukusebenzisa iziqukathi.
Uma ngo-3.11 isistimu yokusebenza ne-OpenShift bezikhona ngokuhlukana, khona-ke ku-4.2 ixhunywe ngokungenakuhlukaniswa ne-OpenShift. Manje lena isisetshenziswa esisodwa - ingqalasizinda engashintshi.
Kumaqoqo asebenzisa i-RHCOS yawo wonke ama-node, ukuthuthukisa i-OpenShift Container Platform kuyinqubo elula nezenzekelayo kakhulu.
Ngaphambilini, ukuze ubuyekeze i-OpenShift, bekufanele uqale ubuyekeze isistimu yokusebenza eyisisekelo lapho umkhiqizo wawusebenza khona (ngaleso sikhathi, i-Red Hat Enterprise Linux). Kulapho kuphela lapho i-OpenShift ingabuyekezwa khona kancane kancane, indawo ngenodi. Kwakungekho kukhulunywa nganoma yikuphi ukuzenzekelayo kwenqubo.
Manje, njengoba i-OpenShift Container Platform ilawula ngokugcwele amasistimu namasevisi endaweni ngayinye, kuhlanganise ne-OS, lo msebenzi uxazululwa ngokucindezela inkinobho evela kusixhumi esibonakalayo sewebhu. Ngemva kwalokhu, u-opharetha okhethekile wethulwa ngaphakathi kweqoqo le-OpenShift, elilawula yonke inqubo yokubuyekeza.
I-CSI entsha
Okwesibili, i-CSI entsha iyisilawuli esibonakalayo sesitoreji esikuvumela ukuthi uxhume amasistimu okugcina angaphandle ahlukahlukene kuqoqo le-OpenShift. Inani elikhulu labahlinzeki bomshayeli wesitoreji se-OpenShift lisekelwa ngokusekelwe kubashayeli besitoreji ababhalwe abakhiqizi besistimu yokugcina ngokwabo. Uhlu oluphelele lwabashayeli be-CSI abasekelwayo lungatholakala kulo mbhalo: . Kulolu hlu ungathola zonke izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-disk arrays ezivela kubakhiqizi abahamba phambili (Dell/EMC, IBM, NetApp, Hitachi, HPE, PureStorage), izixazululo ze-SDS (Ceph) kanye nesitoreji samafu (AWS, Azure, Google). I-OpenShift 4.2 isekela abashayeli be-CSI benguqulo ye-CSI ethize 1.1.
I-RedHat OpenShift Service Mesh
Ngokusekelwe kumaphrojekthi we-Istio, i-Kiali ne-Jaeger, i-Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh, ngaphezu kwemisebenzi evamile yokufaka izicelo zomzila phakathi kwamasevisi, ivumela ukulandelela nokubonwa kwazo. Lokhu kusiza onjiniyela baxhumane kalula, baqaphe, futhi baphathe uhlelo lokusebenza olufakwe ngaphakathi kwe-Red Hat OpenShift.
Ukubona ngeso lengqondo uhlelo lokusebenza olunokwakhiwa kwe-microservice kusetshenziswa i-Kiali
Ukuze kube lula ukufakwa, ukugcinwa, nokuphathwa komjikelezo wempilo we-Service Mesh ngangokunokwenzeka, i-Red Hat OpenShift inikeza abalawuli isisebenzisi esikhethekile, i-Service Mesh Operator. Lena i-opharetha ye-Kubernetes ekuvumela ukuthi usebenzise amaphakheji amiswe kabusha e-Istio, Kiali kanye ne-Jaeger kuqoqo, okwandisa umthwalo wokuphatha wokuphatha izinhlelo zokusebenza.
CRI-O esikhundleni se-Docker
I-Docker yesikhathi sokusebenza esizenzakalelayo ithathelwe indawo yi-CRI-O. Kwakungenzeka ukusebenzisa i-CRI-O kakade kunguqulo 3.11, kodwa ku-4.2 yaba yiyona eyinhloko. Akukuhle noma kubi, kodwa into okufanele uyikhumbule lapho usebenzisa umkhiqizo.
Ama-opharetha nokuthunyelwa kwezicelo
Ama-Opharetha ayibhizinisi elisha le-RedHat OpenShift, elivele enguqulweni yesine. Kuyindlela yokupakisha, ukuthumela, nokuphatha uhlelo lwe-Kubernetes. Kungacatshangwa njenge-plugin yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezifakwe ezitsheni, eziqhutshwa i-Kubernetes API kanye namathuluzi we-kubectl.
Ama-opharetha e-Kubernetes asiza ukwenza noma yimiphi imisebenzi ehlobene nokuphatha kanye nomjikelezo wokuphila wohlelo lokusebenza oluthumela kuqoqo lakho ngokuzenzakalelayo. Isibonelo, u-opharetha angakwazi ukwenza izibuyekezo, izipele kanye nokukala kohlelo lokusebenza, aguqule ukumisa, njll. Uhlu oluphelele lwabasebenzisi lungatholakala kokuthi .
I-OperatorHub ifinyeleleka ngokuqondile kusixhumi esibonakalayo sewebhu sekhonsoli yokuphatha. Kuyinkomba yesicelo se-OpenShift egcinwe yi-Red Hat. Labo. bonke abaqhubi abagunyaziwe be-Red Hat bazombozwa ukwesekwa komthengisi.
Ingosi ye-OperatorHub kukhonsoli yokuphatha ye-OpenShift
Isithombe esiyisisekelo esijwayelekile
Kuyisethi emisiwe yezithombe ze-RHEL OS ezingasetshenziswa ukwakha izinhlelo zakho zokusebenza ezifakwe esitsheni. Kunamasethi amancane, ajwayelekile futhi agcwele. Bathatha indawo encane kakhulu futhi basekela wonke amaphakheji adingekayo afakiwe nezilimi zokuhlela.
Amathuluzi e-CI/CD
Ku-RedHat OpenShif 4.2, kube nokwenzeka ukukhetha phakathi kwe-Jenkins ne-OpenShift Pipelines esekelwe ku-Tekton Pipelines.
I-OpenShift Pipelines isekelwe ku-Tekton, esekelwa kangcono i-Pipeline njengoba i-Code ne-GitOps isondela. Emapayipini e-OpenShift, isinyathelo ngasinye sisebenza esitsheni saso, ngakho izinsiza zisetshenziswa kuphela ngenkathi isinyathelo senziwa. Lokhu kunikeza onjiniyela ukulawula okuphelele phezu kwamapayipi okulethwa kwamamojula, ama-plugin, nokulawula ukufinyelela ngaphandle kweseva emaphakathi ye-CI/CD okufanele iphathwe.
I-OpenShift Pipelines okwamanje iku-Developer Preview futhi itholakala njengo-opharetha kuqoqo le-OpenShift 4. Yebo, abasebenzisi be-OpenShift basengasebenzisa i-Jenkins ku-RedHat OpenShift 4.
Izibuyekezo Zokuphatha Kanjiniyela
Ku-4.2 OpenShift, isixhumi esibonakalayo sewebhu sibuyekezwe ngokuphelele kubo bobabili abathuthukisi nabaphathi.
Ezinguqulweni zangaphambilini ze-OpenShift, wonke umuntu wasebenza kuma-consoles amathathu: umkhombandlela wesevisi, ikhonsoli yomqondisi kanye nekhonsoli yomsebenzi. Manje iqoqo lihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili kuphela - i-console yomlawuli kanye ne-console yonjiniyela.
Ikhonsoli kanjiniyela ithole ukuthuthukiswa okubalulekile kokusetshenziswa kubonwa. Manje ikhombisa kalula i-topology yezicelo kanye nemihlangano yazo. Lokhu kwenza kube lula konjiniyela ukuthi bakhe, basebenzise, ββfuthi babone ngeso lengqondo izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifakwe esitsheni kanye nezinsiza ezihlanganisiwe. Ibavumela ukuthi bagxile kulokho okubalulekile kubo.
Ingosi kanjiniyela kukhonsoli yokuphatha ye-OpenShift
Odo
I-Odo iyinsiza yomugqa womyalo ogxile kunjiniyela eyenza ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo lokusebenza kube lula ku-OpenShift. Isebenzisa ukuxhumana kwesitayela se-git push, le CLI isiza onjiniyela abasha ku-Kubernetes bakhe izinhlelo zokusebenza ku-OpenShift.
Ukuhlanganiswa nezimo zokuthuthukiswa
Onjiniyela manje sebengakwazi ukwakha, balungise futhi basebenzise izinhlelo zabo zokusebenza ku-OpenShift ngaphandle kokushiya indawo abayithandayo yokuthuthukisa amakhodi, njenge-Microsoft Visual Studio, i-JetBrains (okuhlanganisa i-IntelliJ), i-Eclipse Desktop, njll.
Isandiso se-Red Hat OpenShift Deployment se-Microsoft Azure DevOps
Isandiso Sokuthunyelwa Kwesigqoko Esibomvu se-OpenShift se-Microsoft Azure DevOps sesikhishiwe. Abasebenzisi baleli sethi yamathuluzi e-DevOps manje bangathumela izinhlelo zabo zokusebenza ku-Azure Red Hat OpenShift noma kunoma iyiphi enye iqoqo le-OpenShift ngokuqondile kusukela ku-Microsoft Azure DevOps.
Inguquko isuka enguqulweni yesithathu iye kweyesine
Njengoba sikhuluma ngokukhishwa okusha, hhayi isibuyekezo, awukwazi nje ukubeka inguqulo yesine phezu kweyesithathu. Ukubuyekeza kusuka kunguqulo XNUMX kuya kunguqulo XNUMX ngeke kusekelwe..
Kodwa kunezindaba ezinhle: I-Red Hat inikeza amathuluzi okuthutha amaphrojekthi kusuka ku-3.7 kuya ku-4.2. Ungathutha imithwalo yemisebenzi yohlelo lokusebenza usebenzisa ithuluzi le-Cluster Application Migration (CAM). I-CAM ikuvumela ukuthi ulawule ukufuduka futhi unciphise isikhathi sokuphumula sohlelo lokusebenza.
I-OpenShift 4.3
Izinqubo ezintsha ezichazwe kulesi sihloko zivele kunguqulo 4.2. Izinguquko ezisanda kukhishwa ze-4.3 azinkulu kangako, kodwa kusenezinto ezintsha. Uhlu lwezinguquko lubanzi kakhulu, nazi ezibaluleke kakhulu ngokubona kwethu:
Buyekeza inguqulo ye-Kubernetes ibe yi-1.16.
Inguqulo yathuthukiswa ngezinyathelo ezimbili ngesikhathi esisodwa; ku-OpenShift 4.2 kwakuyi-1.14.
Ukubethelwa kwedatha ku- etcd
Kusukela ngenguqulo 4.3, kube nokwenzeka ukubethela idatha kusizindalwazi njll. Uma ukubethela sekunikwe amandla, kuzokwaziwa ukubethela izinsiza ezilandelayo ze-OpenShift API ne-Kubernetes API: Izimfihlo, i-ConfigMaps, Imizila, amathokheni okufinyelela, nokugunyazwa kwe-OAuth.
Helm
Kungezwe usekelo lwenguqulo yesi-3 ye-Helm, umphathi wephakheji odumile we-Kubernetes. Okwamanje, usekelo lunesimo sokubuka kuqala kwe-TECHNOLOGY. Usekelo lwe-Helm luzonwetshwa ukuze lusekelwe ngokugcwele ezinguqulweni ezizayo ze-OpenShift. I-helm cli utility iza ne-OpenShift futhi ingalandwa ku-cluster management web console.
Isibuyekezo Sedeshibhodi Yephrojekthi
Enguqulweni entsha, Ideshibhodi Yephrojekthi inikeza ulwazi olwengeziwe ekhasini lephrojekthi: isimo sephrojekthi, ukusetshenziswa kwensiza, nezabelo zephrojekthi.
Ibonisa ubungozi be-quay kukhonsoli yewebhu
Isici sengeziwe kukhonsoli yokuphatha ukuze kuboniswe ubungozi obaziwayo bezithombe kumakhosombe e-Quay. Ukubonisa ubungozi bokugcinwa kwasendaweni nangaphandle kuyasekelwa.
Ukudalwa okwenziwe lula kwe-opharetha hub engaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi
Odabeni lokuphakelwa kweqoqo le-OpenShift kunethiwekhi engayodwa, lapho ukufinyelela ku-inthanethi kukhawulelwe khona noma kungabikho, ukudala βisibukoβ sokubhaliswa kwe-OperatorHub kwenziwa lula. Manje lokhu kungenziwa ngamaqembu amathathu kuphela.
Ababhali:
UVictor Puchkov, u-Yuri Semenyukov
Source: www.habr.com