U-Hedy Lamarr akagcinanga nje ngokuba ngowokuqala ukudlala enqunu efilimini futhi enze inkohliso ye-orgasm ekhamera, kodwa wasungula nohlelo lokuxhumana ngomsakazo olunokuvikela ekuvinjweni.
Ngicabanga ukuthi ubuchopho babantu buthakazelisa kakhulu kunokubukeka kwabo.
- kusho umlingisikazi waseHollywood nomsunguli uHedy Lamarr ngo-1990, eminyakeni eyi-10 ngaphambi kokushona kwakhe.
U-Hedy Lamarr ungumlingisi othakazelisayo we-40s wekhulu leminyaka elidlule, owaziwa emhlabeni wonke hhayi nje ngenxa yokubukeka kwakhe okukhanyayo nomsebenzi wakhe wokulingisa ophumelelayo, kodwa nangenxa yamakhono akhe obuhlakani avelele ngempela.
U-Hedy, ovame ukudideka ezithombeni nomunye ubuhle be-cinematic yekhulu lama-20, u-Vivien Leigh (u-Scarlett, Uhambile Nomoya), unikeze umhlaba amandla okuxhumana okusakazwa kwe-spectrum (okusivumela ukuthi sisebenzise omakhalekhukhwini kanye ne-Wi-Fi namuhla).
U-Vivien Leigh no-Hedy Lamarr
Ukuphila kanye nomsebenzi walo wesifazane ongavamile kwakungelula, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo okuthakazelisayo nokuphawulekayo.
UHedy Lamarr, owazalwa uHedwig Eva Maria Kiesler, wazalwa ngoNovemba 9, 1914 eVienna, e-Austria, emndenini wamaJuda womdlali wopiyano uGertrud Lichtwitz kanye nomqondisi webhange u-Emil Kiesler. Unina wayengowaseBudapest, kanti uyise wayevela emndenini wamaJuda ohlala eLviv.
Kusukela ebuntwaneni, intombazane ithande wonke umuntu ngamakhono akhe kanye nethalente. Wafunda i-ballet, waya esikoleni sedrama, edlala upiyano, futhi intombazanyana nayo yafunda izibalo ngentshiseko. Njengoba umkhaya wawucebile, sasingekho isidingo sokusebenza esemncane, kodwa naphezu kwalokhu, uHedy washiya ikhaya labazali bakhe eneminyaka engu-16 futhi wangenela isikole sedrama. Ngaso leso sikhathi, eneminyaka engu-17, waqala ukulingisa amafilimu, wamenza waqala ngo-1930 efilimini yaseJalimane ethi “Girls in a Nightclub.” Waqhubeka nomsebenzi wakhe wefilimu, esebenza kumafilimu aseJalimane naseCzechoslovakian.
Ukuqala komsebenzi wakhe kwaba yimpumelelo kakhulu, kodwa eminyakeni emithathu eyalandela wayemane nje omunye kwabaningi, ifilimu Czechoslovak-Austrian "Ecstasy" Gustav Machaty wamlethela udumo emhlabeni wonke. Ifilimu yango-1933 yayivusa inkanuko futhi inempikiswano.
Indawo yemizuzu eyishumi yokubhukuda enqunu echibini lasehlathini ayinacala ngokwezindinganiso zekhulu lama-XNUMX, kodwa ngaleyo minyaka yabangela isiphepho semizwa. Kwamanye amazwe, ifilimu yaze yavinjelwa ukuba iboniswe, futhi yakhululwa ngemva kweminyaka embalwa ngemva kokuhlolwa.
UHedy Lamarr kwifilimu ethi Ecstasy, 1933
Ubukhazikhazi befilimu kanye nentukuthelo evuthayo yesonto kwadlala ezandleni zomdlali we-actress, njengoba ngenxa yalokhu waba nedumela elibi. Ngaleso sikhathi, ihlazo alibangelwa ubunqunu ngokwalo, kodwa yisimo se-orgasm yokuqala eyalingisa emlandweni we-cinema, edlalwa ngokukholisayo intombazane, eyabangela ukuguquguquka okukhulu kwemizwelo. Lo mlingisi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi wathi umqondisi wamgqobhoza ngephini lokuphepha ngesikhathi kuqoshwa isigcawu esivusa inkanuko ukuze imisindo eyenziwayo ibonakale ikholakala.
Ngemva kwefilimu eyihlazo, abazali benza yonke imizamo yokusheshisa ukushada kwendodakazi yabo. Umyeni wokuqala kaHedy kwakunguFritz Mandl wase-Austrian, umkhiqizi wezikhali oyisigidi owasekela amaNazi futhi wakhiqizela i-Third Reich izikhali. Ngesikhathi ehamba nomyeni wakhe beya emihlanganweni nasezingqungqutheleni, u-Hedy walalela ngokucophelela futhi wakhumbula konke okwakushiwo amadoda - futhi izingxoxo zabo ngaleso sikhathi zazithakazelisa kakhulu, ngoba amalabhorethri okukhiqiza aseMandl ayesebenzela ukudala izikhali ezilawulwa ngomsakazo zamaNazi. Kodwa leli qiniso "ladutshulwa" kamuva.
Umyeni kwavela ukuthi ungumnikazi omubi, futhi wayenomona ngabo bonke ayehlangana nabo. Kwaphela ngokuthi unkosikazi osemusha evalelwe ngokoqobo "ekhejini legolide", engakwazi ukwenza amafilimu, bese ehlangana nabangane. Wazama ukuthenga wonke amakhophi e-“Ecstasy” endaweni eqashisayo yaseViennese. Umshado obuhlungu wathatha iminyaka emine, kodwa, engakwazi ukubekezelela isimo sengqondo esinjalo kuye ngokwakhe, umfazi ongajabulile womkhiqizi wezinhlamvu ocebile futhi onamandla phakathi nobusuku, enikeze incekukazi amaphilisi okulala futhi egqoke izingubo zakhe, uyabaleka. esuka endlini ngebhayisikili bese egibela isitimu saseNormandy.
Wathuthela e-United States ngaphambi kweMpi Yezwe II futhi, emkhunjini osuka eLondon uya eNew York, wahlangana nomphathi westudiyo seMGM (Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer), uLouis Mayer. ULamarr wayekhuluma isiNgisi esincane, okwakuyinto enhle, njengoba wakwazi ukusayina inkontileka enemali yokulingisa kumafilimu aseHollywood.
Ukuze angabangeli izinhlangano ezingadingekile phakathi komphakathi wama-puritanical waseMelika, uthatha igama-mbumbulu, eliboleka kumlingisi we-MGM uBarbara La Marr, owayeyintandokazi kaMeyer, owashona ngo-1926 ngenxa yenhliziyo ephukile ngenxa yokusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa.
Isigaba esisha somsebenzi wakhe sembuleka ngempumelelo. Phakathi nomsebenzi wakhe eHollywood, umlingisi wadlala kumafilimu adumile njenge "Algiers" (1938, indima kaGabi), "Lady in the Tropics" (1939, indima kaManon de Vernet), kanye nefilimu ethathwe nguJ. Steinbeck sika "Tortilla Flat" (1942, umqondisi uVictor Fleming, indima Dolores Ramirez), "Risky Experiment" (1944), "Strange Woman" (1946) kanye Cecil de Mille's epic ifilimu "Samson and Delilah" (1949). Ukubonakala kokugcina esikrinini kwaba ifilimu "Isilwane Owesifazane" (1958, indima Vanessa Windsor).
Ngisho neqiniso lokuthi phakathi nalesi sikhathi uLamarr waba ngumama wezingane ezintathu alizange liphazamise imisebenzi yakhe yokulingisa. Yiqiniso, lokhu kwaziswa kuyangqubuzana emithonjeni ehlukene, njengoba mhlawumbe ingane eyodwa yayingeyona indodana yayo.
UHedy washiya iMetro-Goldwyn-Mayer ngo-1945. Sekukonke, uHedy Lamarr uthole amaRandi ayizigidi ezingama-30 ngokuqopha.
Ubuhle baseViennese bathola impilo e-Beverly Hills futhi bahlikihla izindololwane nosaziwayo abafana no-John F. Kennedy no-Howard Hughes, abamnikeze okokusebenza ukuze enze ukuhlola ku-trailer yakhe lapho engaqophi. Kwakukule ndawo yesayensi lapho uLamarr athola khona ubizo lwakhe lwangempela.
U-Hedy Lamarr wayengowesifazane onothando, onothando futhi oguquguqukayo owayesizwa ngezikhathi ezithile isidingo sobusha. Akumangazi ukuthi ngaphezu kwabashadile bakhe abasemthethweni, futhi kwakukhona abayisithupha phakathi nokuphila kwakhe, umlingisi wayenabathandi abaningi.
Ngemva kweminyaka emibili eyeqa umyeni wakhe wokuqala, uLamarr waphinde washada. Umyeni wesibili wayengumbhali wesikrini kanye nomkhiqizi uGene Macri, wayemthanda kabi umkakhe, kodwa uHedy wayengamthandi. Naphezu kokuthi wayenomyeni onothando, ngesikhathi esifanayo waqala ukuthandana nomlingisi uJohn Lauder waze wazala naye ingane (njengoba eminye imithombo ibika). UMacri wavuma ukwamukela indodana kaHedi ngoba wayengenakuyicabanga impilo yakhe ngaphandle kwalo wesifazane owubukhazikhazi. Nokho, ngemva kweminyaka embalwa, wayesahlukanisile, futhi uLamarr waqala ukuhlala noyise wengane yakhe, uJohn Loder, abasheshe benza ubuhlobo babo.
Umshado wesithathu womdlali we-actress wathatha iminyaka engu-4. Ngalesi sikhathi, wazala Loder izingane ezimbili: indodana nendodakazi. Futhi ngo-1947 wazwakalisa isifiso sokuhlukanisa. Kamuva, kwalandela eminye imishado emithathu esemthethweni: nomthengisi kanye nomculi uTeddy Stouffer (1951-1952), u-oilman William Howard Lee (1953-1960) nommeli uLewis Boyes (1963-1965).
Njengoba sibona, isiphetho sikaHedy Lamarr sasingesona esijabulisa kakhulu. Imishado eyisithupha ayizange imlethele injabulo. Ubudlelwano nezingane ezintathu nabo babungebuhle neze.
Okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "owesifazane omuhle kakhulu kumamuvi", ubuhle buka-Hedy Lamarr nokuba khona kwesikrini kwamenza waba ngomunye wabalingisi ababedume kakhulu ngesikhathi sakhe.
Yebo, umsebenzi kaLamarr wokulingisa wamenza waduma, kodwa kwakuwumsebenzi wakhe wesayensi owamlethela ukungafi kwangempela.
Njengokungathi ukuba umlingisi omuhle, onekhono kwakungenele, uHedy wayehlakaniphe ngokwedlulele futhi enobuciko. Wayezazi kahle izibalo futhi, ngemizamo yomyeni wakhe wokuqala, wayezazi kahle izikhali.
Amakhono akhe nokusebenza kwawo kwakhuthazwa umhlangano nomqambi nomqambi we-avant-garde uGeorge Antheil. Ngemva kokukhuluma nomdlali we-actress ngolunye usuku, waqaphela ukuthi u-interlocutor wakhe wayehlakaniphe kakhulu kunalokho ayekucabanga.
U-Lamarr wayeyithanda indlela ayesebenzisa ngayo izinsimbi ezingajwayelekile namalungiselelo akhe emculweni futhi ethanda ukucwila nokusungula okuningi, njengoba enza. U-Hedy wagqugquzelwa indlela yakhe yokusebenzisa amateyipu agxiviziwe amaningi ophiyano oluwumshini, ovumela ukudlalwa ukuthi kushintshwe kusuka kunsimbi eyodwa kuya kwenye ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni umculo (ngokwezwi nezwi, “ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa nesigqi esisodwa”). Kamuva, bathola ilungelo lobunikazi ngempumelelo ubuchwepheshe obuhlakaniphile be-pseudo-random frequency hopping (PRFC), obuhlanganisa nombono oshiwo wokusebenzisa amateyipu ephepha ahlotshisiwe ukuze kuvikelwe amaza omsakazo ekuxhumaneni. Njengoba nje ukuvumelanisa ngokucophelela kwamateyipu apuntshiwe kuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka komculo odlalwa kumapiyano ahlukene, isignali yomsakazo iyashintsha isuka kwesinye isiteshi iye kwesinye.
Lo mbono kamuva waba insika yakho kokubili ukuxhumana okuphephile kwezempi kanye nobuchwepheshe befoni ephathekayo. Ngo-August 1942, yena nomqambi uGeorge Antheil bathola inombolo yobunikazi engu-2, “Uhlelo Lokuxhumana Oluyimfihlo,” oluvumela ukulawulwa kude kwama-torpedoes. Inani lobuchwepheshe be-frequency hopping laziswa eminyakeni eminingi kamuva. Umfutho wokusungulwa kwakuwumyalezo omayelana nomkhumbi wokufuduka owacwiliswa ngoSepthemba 292, 387, okwashona kuwo izingane ezingama-17. Amakhono akhe angavamile kusayensi eqondile amvumela ukuba akhiqize imininingwane eminingi yezobuchwepheshe yezingxoxo mayelana nezikhali umyeni wakhe wokuqala ayenazo nozakwabo.
Bekanye noGeorge, baqala ukusungula i-torpedo elawulwa umsakazo, ukulawulwa kwayo okungenakuvinjelwa noma ukuminyana. U-Lamarr wabelane ngombono obaluleke kakhulu no-Antheil: uma uxhuma ukude izixhumanisi zethagethi ku-torpedo elawulwayo kumafrikhwensi eyodwa, isitha singabamba kalula isiginali, siyijame noma siqondise kabusha i-torpedo kwenye ithagethi, futhi uma usebenzisa ikhodi engahleliwe kusidlulisi ezoshintsha ishaneli yokudlulisela, bese Ungavumelanisa amaza okushintshana afanayo kumamukeli. Lolu shintsho lweziteshi zokuxhumana luqinisekisa ukudluliswa okuphephile kolwazi. Kuze kube yileso sikhathi, amakhodi mbumbulu-okungahleliwe ayesetshenziselwa ukubethela ulwazi oludluliswa eziteshini zokuxhumana ezivulekile ezingaguquki. Lapha kwenzeka isinyathelo esiya phambili: ukhiye oyimfihlo waqala ukusetshenziswa ukushintsha ngokushesha iziteshi zokudlulisa ulwazi.
Isikimu esivela kulungelo lobunikazi lango-1942. Isithombe: I-Flickr / Floor, ilayisensi ngaphansi kwe-CC BY-SA 2.0. (Isibalo esivela kulungelo lobunikazi lango-1942. Isithombe: Flickr/Floor, sisatshalaliswa ngaphansi kwelayisensi ye-CC BY-SA 2.0.)
Umbono wangempela, owawuhloselwe ukuxazulula inkinga yokuminyana kwesitha kwemicibisholo elawulwa umsakazo phakathi neMpi Yezwe II, wawuhilela ukuguqula amaza omsakazo kanyekanye ukuze kuvinjelwe izitha ekuboneni isignali. Wayefuna ukunika izwe lakubo ithuba elihle kwezempi. Nakuba ubuchwepheshe bangaleso sikhathi buvimbe ekuqaleni ukuthi lo mbono ungafezeki, ukufika kwe-transistor kanye nokuncipha kwayo okwalandela kwenza umqondo kaHedy ubaluleke kakhulu kukho kokubili ukuxhumana kwezempi namaselula.
Kodwa-ke, i-American Navy yabe seyinqaba le phrojekthi ngenxa yobunzima bokusebenza, futhi ukusetshenziswa okulinganiselwe kwayo kwaqala ngo-1962 kuphela, ngakho abaqambi abazange bathole imali yokukhokha. Kodwa ngemva kwengxenye yekhulu leminyaka, leli lungelo lobunikazi laba yisisekelo sokuxhumana kwe-spectrum, esisetshenziswa namuhla kukho konke kusuka kumakhalekhukhwini kuya ku-Wi-Fi.
"Kulula kimi ukuqamba," kusho uLamarr ku-"Bombshell." "Akudingeki ngicabange ngemibono, iza kimi."
Kodwa ngokusho kwedokhumentari entsha emayelana nempilo yakhe, ukucabanga ngobuchwepheshe kuyifa lakhe elikhulu kunawo wonke. Ibizwa nge-Bombshell: Indaba ka-Hedy Lamarr. Le filimu ilandisa ngelungelo lobunikazi elafakwa nguLamarr lobuchwepheshe be-frequency hopping ngo-1941, isandulela sokuvikela i-Wi-Fi, i-GPS ne-Bluetooth. I-Frequency hopping spectrum ingenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ze-Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), esetshenziswa kubuchwepheshe obuningi esibusebenzisa namuhla. Eyokuqala yi-GPS, oyisebenzisa njalo uma uhlola indawo okuyo kuhlelo lokusebenza lwemephu ku-smartphone yakho. Omakhalekhukhwini baphinde basebenzisa i-CDMA kumasignali ocingo, futhi uma uke wadawuniloda noma yini ngenethiwekhi ye-3G, uye wasebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusekelwe ekusungulweni kwe-Lamarr ne-Antheil. Ubuchwepheshe be-frequency hopping busizungezile, kulula ukukuthatha njengokujwayelekile, kodwa okusunguliwe bekufanele ukutuswa nokuhlonishwa ngenxa yokudala nokusungula izinto.
Nokho, uLamarr akazange athole udumo nesinxephezelo esimfanele ngemibono yakhe. Ilungelo lobunikazi, alifake kumsunguli uGeorge Antheil, wayefuna ukuvikela ukusungulwa kwabo kwezempi kwezokuxhumana zomsakazo "okungagxuma" kusuka kwesinye imvamisa kuya kwesinye ukuvimbela amaNazi ekutholeni ama-Allied torpedoes. Kuze kube yilolu suku, u-Lamarr noma ingcebo yakhe akakaze athole ngisho indibilishi embonini yezigidigidi zamarandi umqondo wakhe owavula indlela, nakuba amasosha ase-US avume esidlangalaleni ilungelo lakhe lobunikazi lokugxuma njalo kanye namagalelo akhe kwezobuchwepheshe.
Umsebenzi kaLamarr njengomqambi awuzange usakazwe neze ngawo-1940. Kuwukucatshangelwa ukuthi umqondisi we-Bombshell kanye nomsunguli we-Reframed Pictures u-Alexandra Dean akholelwa ukuthi kufanelana nendaba elandisayo yesihlabani samafilimu ngalezo zinsuku.
USolwazi Jan-Christopher Horak, umqondisi we-UCLA Film and Television Archives, uthi eBombshell isikhulu se-studio seMGM uLouis B. Mayer, owasayina okokuqala uLamarr kwinkontileka yaseHollywood, wabona abesifazane bechazwa ngezinhlobo ezimbili: babeyenga, noma kwakumele babekwe phezu kwesisekelo futhi batuswe kude. USolwazi uHorak ukholelwa ukuthi owesifazane osexy futhi omnandi wayengeyena uMayer ayezimisele ukwamukela noma ukwethula kubabukeli.
Le mpumelelo yezobuchwepheshe ehlaba umxhwele, ehlangene nethalente lakhe lokulingisa kanye nekhwalithi yenkanyezi, yenza "owesifazane omuhle kakhulu efilimini" abe ngomunye wabesifazane abathakazelisa kakhulu nabahlakaniphile embonini yefilimu.
“ULouis B. Mayer wahlukanisa umhlaba waba izinhlobo ezimbili zabesifazane: uMadonna nesifebe. Angicabangi ukuthi wake wakholelwa ukuthi ungenye into ngaphandle kwalokhu, ”kusho uHorak efilimini, ebhekise kuLamarr.
UDkt Simon Naik, uSihlalo Wokuma-Branding e-ESSEC Business School e-Paris kanye noZakwethu wangaphambili e-Harvard Business School, uyavuma ukuthi i-Hollywood pigeonholes abesifazane. UDkt. Naik ufundisa i-Power Brand Anthropology kwa-ESSEC futhi unguchwepheshe wokusetshenziswa kwama-archetypes wesifazane kwezokukhangisa nabezindaba.
NgokukaDkt. Naik, abesifazane babekwe njengomunye wezinhlobo ezintathu ze-archetypes: indlovukazi enamandla nehlakaniphile, inkosazana eyengayo, noma i-femme fatale, okuyinhlanganisela yakho kokubili. Uthi lawa ma-archetypes asuka ezinganekwaneni zamaGreki futhi asasetshenziselwa ukuveza abesifazane kwabezindaba nasekukhangiseni. UDkt. Nick uthi i-"femme fatale" yisigaba umsunguli omuhle, okhaliphile u-Lamarr angena kuso, nokuthi abesifazane abahlukahlukene bavame ukubonwa njengabayingozi kakhulu.
“Owesifazane onamandla, ohehayo, kodwa ohlakaniphile... Lokho kuyathusa kakhulu abafana abaningi,” kusho uDkt. Naik. "Uyakhombisa nje ukuthi sibuthaka kanjani."
UDkt. Naik uphawula ukuthi ngokomlando, abesifazane bebebekwe kwabezindaba ngaphakathi kohlaka oluphelelwe yisikhathi, olunohlangothi olulodwa oludalwe ngokombono wabesilisa. Ngaphakathi kwalolu hlaka, abesifazane abanamathalente amaningi njengoLamarr bavame ukwaziswa ngomzimba wabo kuphela kunekhono labo lokucabanga, ukusungula nokudala. Lolu lwazi mayelana nokukhubazeka kwabesifazane kulindeleke ukuthi lufinyelele izethameli ezihlaba umxhwele emhlabeni jikelele.
“Isimo sabesifazane sicishe sifane nesamathoyizi,” kusho uDkt. Naik. “Abanalo ilungelo lokuvota. Futhi yiyo kanye inkinga leyo.”
Ngakho-ke, uDkt. Nick akamangazi ukuthi imisebenzi kaLamarr yezamabhizinisi ekukhiqizeni nasekuqondiseni amafilimu ayizange isekelwe ngeminyaka yawo-1940. Noma ukuthi kuthathe amashumi eminyaka ukuthi ukulandisa kukaLamar kuguquke ukuze kumnike udumo olumfanele njengomqambi ayenguye.
Indodakazi kaLamarr, uDenise Loder, iyaziqhenya ngomqondo kanina wokusungula kanye nomsebenzi awenzile kuwo wonke umsebenzi wakhe wokuphusha imingcele yendlela abantu besifazane ababhekwa ngayo. Uphawula ukuthi umama wakhe ungomunye wabesifazane bokuqala ukuba nenkampani yokukhiqiza futhi axoxe izindaba ngombono wabesifazane.
"Wayengaphambi kwesikhathi sakhe lapho eba umuntu wesifazane," kusho uLoder ku-Bombshell.
("Ibhomu"). "Akakaze abizwe kanjalo, kodwa wayebizwa kanjalo."
Kwathatha isikhathi eside, kodwa uLamarr no-Antheil manje sebeqashelwa kabanzi njengabasunguli be-frequency hopping, okuholele ekuthuthukisweni kwe-Wi-Fi, i-Bluetooth ne-GPS. Ngo-1997, lapho uLamarr ehlanganisa iminyaka engu-82, i-Electronic Frontier Foundation yamhlonipha ngezindondo ezimbili zempumelelo.
ULamarr wayengacabangi futhi engaziboni ehlakaniphe kunalabo ababemzungezile. Kunalokho, isimo sakhe sengqondo nombono wakhe ezimweni ezihlukahlukene zokuphila okumenza ahluke kwabanye. Wabuza imibuzo. Wayefuna ukuthuthukisa izinto. Wayezibona izinkinga futhi azi ukuthi zidinga ukuxazululwa. Abanye abantu ekuphileni kwakhe babebheka lesi simo sengqondo esingalungile, futhi wayevame ukugxekwa ngokuba inkanyezi enzima. Kodwa uLamarr wenza lokho ayekufuna, ngakho wawina ngokusobala. Futhi uphumelele kanjani? Njengoba esho kuPopcorn in Paradise: Ngiwina ngoba ngafunda eminyakeni edlule ukuthi owesaba ukulahlekelwa yimali uhlala elahlekelwa. Anginandaba, yingakho ngiwina.
Washona ngemva kweminyaka emithathu.
Ngonyaka odlule, i-Digital Entertainment Group, inhlangano yaseMelika esekela futhi ethuthukisa izinkundla zokuzijabulisa, yaklomelisa u-Geena Davis ngendondo ye-Hedy Lamarr ngokusungula izinto ezintsha embonini yezokuzijabulisa ngomsebenzi wakhe ophathelene nobulili nezindaba. Lo mklomelo uhlonipha abesifazane asebebambe iqhaza elikhulu kwezokungcebeleka nobuchwepheshe.
Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, u-Lamarr wayeyisihloko se-Google Doodle.
Ngakho-ke uma ufunda lokhu ocingweni lwakho, cabanga ngowesifazane okusize ukuthi kwenzeke.
Umlingiswa ka-Hedy oxakayo futhi oxakile wamxabanisa nayo yonke i-Hollywood futhi wamenza waba umuntu ongenasici emibuthanweni yefilimu. ULamarr wadlala kumafilimu kwaze kwaba ngu-1958, okwathi ngemva kwalokho wanquma ukuthatha ikhefu elide. Ngalesi sikhathi, wabhala ngokuphila kwakhe, i-Ecstasy and Me, nombhali wesikrini u-Leo Guild kanye nentatheli uCy Rice. Le ncwadi, eyanyatheliswa ngo-1966, kwaba igalelo umsebenzi actress.
Lo msebenzi uthe le ntombazane ihlushwa i-nymphomania futhi iphinde ilale namadoda nabesifazane. Le mininingwane yabangela ukulahlwa okuthukuthele phakathi komphakathi waseHollywood. Umsunguli uziphikile zonke izingcezu eziyihlazo zale ncwadi, ethi zengezwe ngasese ababhali ababambisene nabo, kodwa ngemuva kwehlazo akazange anikezwe izindima zenkanyezi.
Ngemuva kwalokhu, umlingisi oneminyaka engu-52 ubudala wazama ukubuyela esikrinini, kodwa lokhu kwavinjelwa umkhankaso wokuhlukumeza owethulwe kuye. Umlingiswa wakhe oxabanayo, onokhahlo kanye nomkhuba wakhe wokuveza obala imibono engathandeki ngeHollywood nokuziphatha kwayo kwabutha izitha eziningi ezinethonya eduze komlingisi.
Ngo-1997, u-Lamarr waklonyeliswa ngokusemthethweni ngokutholakala kwakhe, kodwa umlingisi akazange aye emcimbini, kodwa wadlulisela okurekhodiwe okulalelwayo kwenkulumo yakhe yokwamukela.
Ebudaleni bakhe, uHedy wayephila ukuphila yedwa futhi akazange axhumane namuntu ngokuqondile, ekhetha izingxoxo zocingo.
Ngokuvamile, iminyaka yokugcina ka-Hedy Lamarr ayizange ijabule kakhulu, igcwele amahlazo kanye nenhlebo embi, futhi isizungu kakhulu.
Wazichitha ekhaya lasebekhulile, lapho ashonela khona eneminyaka engu-86.
Umlingisi washona eCasselberry, eFlorida ngoJanuwari 19, 2000. Imbangela yokufa kukaLamarr kwakuyisifo senhliziyo. Ngokwencwadi yefa, indodana u-Anthony Loder yasakaza umlotha kanina e-Austria, eVienna Woods.
Ukufaneleka kuka-Hedy Lamarr no-George Antheil kwaqashelwa ngokusemthethweni kuphela ngo-2014: amagama abo afakwe e-US National Inventors Hall of Fame.
Ngeqhaza lakhe kanye nempumelelo yakhe ku-cinema, u-Hedy Lamarr waklonyeliswa ngenkanyezi ku-Hollywood Walk of Fame.
Futhi ngosuku lokuzalwa lomdlali we-actress, ngoNovemba 9, uSuku Lomsunguli lugujwa emazweni akhuluma isiJalimane.
Imithombo:
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Source: www.habr.com