Ake sithole ukuthi iyini ingqikithi yendlela yokusebenza nokuthi ingazuza bani.
Sizophinde sikhulume ngochwepheshe be-DevOps: imisebenzi yabo, amaholo namakhono.
Photography /Flickr/CC BY-SA
Yini i-DevOps
I-DevOps iyindlela yokuthuthukisa isofthiwe umsebenzi wayo uwukusungula ukusebenzisana phakathi kwabahleli bezinhlelo nabaphathi bohlelo enkampanini. Uma ochwepheshe be-IT beminyango ehlukene bengayiqondi imisebenzi yomunye nomunye, ukukhishwa kwezicelo ezintsha nokubuyekezwa kwazo kuyabambezeleka.
I-DevOps idala umjikelezo wokuthuthukiswa "ongenamthungo", ngaleyo ndlela usize ukusheshisa ukukhishwa komkhiqizo wesofthiwe. Ukusheshisa kutholakala ngokusungulwa kwezinhlelo ezizenzakalelayo. Futhi, abahleli bezinhlelo baqala ukubamba iqhaza ekusetheni amaseva nokuthola iziphazamisi, isibonelo, bangabhala izivivinyo ezizenzakalelayo.
Lokhu kuthuthukisa ukusebenzisana phakathi kweminyango. Abasebenzi baqala ukuqonda kangcono ukuthi yiziphi izigaba umkhiqizo wesofthiwe odlula kuzo ngaphambi kokuba ungene ezandleni zomsebenzisi.
Uma unjiniyela eqonda ukuthi umlawuli ubhekana nani lapho esetha iseva, uzozama ukushelela "amakhona abukhali" kukhodi. Lokhu kunciphisa inani lezimbungulu lapho kuthunyelwa uhlelo lokusebenza - ngokwezibalo, kunjalo cishe izikhathi ezinhlanu.
Odinga futhi ongadingi indlela yokwenza
Abaningi ukuthi i-DevOps izozuza noma iyiphi inhlangano ethuthukisa isofthiwe. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ngisho noma inkampani ingumthengi olula wezinsizakalo ze-IT futhi ingathuthukisi izinhlelo zayo zokusebenza. Kulokhu, ukusebenzisa isiko le-DevOps kuzokusiza ukuthi ugxile entweni emisha.
Ngaphandle ukuqalisa, kodwa lapha konke kuncike esikalini sephrojekthi. Uma umgomo wakho uwukuqalisa umkhiqizo omncane osebenzayo (MVP) ukuze uhlole umbono omusha, ungenza ngaphandle kwe-DevOps. Isibonelo, umsunguli we-Groupon waqala ukusebenza kule nkonzo ngesandla konke okunikezwayo kuwebhusayithi nama-oda aqoqiwe. Akazange asebenzise amathuluzi azenzakalelayo.
Kunengqondo ukusebenzisa indlela yokuzenzakalela kanye namathuluzi lapho uhlelo lokusebenza luqala ukuduma. Lokhu kuzosiza ukwenza lula izinqubo zebhizinisi futhi kusheshise ukukhishwa kwezibuyekezo.
Ungayisebenzisa kanjani i-DevOps
Ngezansi kukhona izincomo zokushintshela kundlela yokusebenza entsha.
Thola izinkinga ezinqubweni zebhizinisi. Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa indlela yokusebenza, gqamisa izinjongo nezinkinga zenhlangano. Isu lokushintshela ku-DevOps lizoncika kubo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, yenza uhlu lwemibuzo, isibonelo:
- Yini ethatha isikhathi esiningi uma ubuyekeza isofthiwe?
- Ingabe kungenzeka ukwenza le nqubo ngokuzenzakalelayo?
- Ingabe ukwakheka kwenhlangano kuyakuthinta lokhu?
Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuhlonza izinkinga enhlanganweni Β«"Futhi"Β»kubabhali bendlela yokusebenza.
Shintsha isiko enkampanini. Kubalulekile ukukholisa bonke abasebenzi ukuthi bashintshe izindlela zabo ezijwayelekile zokusebenza futhi bandise uhla lwamakhono abo. Isibonelo, ku-Facebook bonke abahleli kuwo wonke umjikelezo wempilo yohlelo lokusebenza: ukusuka ekubhalweni kwekhodi kuya ekusetshenzisweni. Futhi, i-Facebook ayinawo umnyango wokuhlola ohlukile - izivivinyo zibhalwa abathuthukisi ngokwabo.
Qala kancane. Khetha inqubo ethatha isikhathi esiningi nomzamo lapho ukhipha izibuyekezo futhi uyenze ngokuzenzakalelayo. Lokhu ukuhlola noma inqubo yokuphakelwa kwesicelo. Ochwepheshe Isinyathelo sokuqala ukusebenzisa amathuluzi okulawula inguqulo esabalalisiwe. Benza kube lula ukuphatha imithombo. Phakathi kwezixazululo ezinjalo, ezidume kakhulu yi-Git, Mercurial, Subversion (SVN) ne-CVS.
Kuyafaneleka futhi ukunaka izinhlelo zokuhlanganisa eziqhubekayo ezinesibopho sokuhlanganisa nokuhlola umkhiqizo wokugcina. Izibonelo zamathuluzi anjalo: Jenkins, TeamCity kanye no-Bamboo.
Linganisa ukuthuthukiswa. Thuthukisa amamethrikhi okusebenza ezixazululo ezisetshenzisiwe futhi udale uhlu lokuhlola. Amamethrikhi angabandakanya imvamisa yokukhishwa, isikhathi esichithwe ekusebenzeni kuzici zesofthiwe, kanye nenani leziphazamisi kukhodi. Xoxa ngemiphumela hhayi kuphela nabaphathi, kodwa futhi nalo lonke iqembu elihilelekile kuphrojekthi. Buza ukuthi yimaphi amathuluzi ashodayo. Naka lezi zicelo uma uthuthukisa izinqubo zakho.
Ukugxekwa kwe-DevOps
Nakuba indlela izinhlangano zingenza izinqumo ezisheshayo mayelana nokuthuthukiswa kwesicelo, inani lamaphutha kusoftware futhi ikhuthaza abasebenzi ukuthi bafunde izinto ezintsha, futhi inabagxeki.
Zikhona ukuthi abahleli bezinhlelo akufanele baqonde imininingwane yomsebenzi wabaphathi bohlelo. Ngokusobala, i-DevOps iholela eqinisweni lokuthi esikhundleni sochwepheshe bezokuthuthukiswa noma ukuphatha, inkampani inabantu abaqonda yonke into, kodwa ngokukha phezulu.
Kukholakala ukuthi i-DevOps ngokuphathwa kabi. Uma ithimba le-development kanye ne-admin ingenayo imigomo efanayo, ngabaphathi okufanele babekwe icala ngokungahleli ukuxhumana phakathi kwamaqembu. Ukuze kuxazululwe le nkinga, okudingekayo akuyona indlela entsha, kodwa uhlelo lokuhlola abaphathi ngokusekelwe kumpendulo evela kwabangaphansi. Ungayifunda lapha, .
Photography /Flickr/CC BY-SA
Ubani unjiniyela we-DevOps
Unjiniyela we-DevOps usebenzisa indlela ye-DevOps. Ivumelanisa zonke izigaba zokudala umkhiqizo wesofthiwe: kusukela ekubhaleni ikhodi kuya ekuhlolweni nasekukhipheni uhlelo. Ingcweti enjalo ilawula iminyango yezokuthuthukiswa nokuphatha, futhi yenza ngokuzenzakalelayo ukwenziwa kwemisebenzi yayo ngokwethula amathuluzi esoftware ahlukahlukene.
Iqhinga likanjiniyela we-DevOps ukuthi uhlanganisa ubungcweti abaningi: umlawuli, umthuthukisi, umhloli kanye nomphathi.
UJoe Sanchez, umshumayeli we-DevOps e-VMware, inkampani yesoftware ye-virtualization, inqwaba yamakhono unjiniyela we-DevOps okufanele abe nawo. Ngokungeziwe olwazini olusobala lwendlela yokusebenza ye-DevOps, lo muntu kufanele abe nolwazi lokuphatha amasistimu wokusebenza we-Windows ne-Linux kanye nolwazi lokusebenza ngamathuluzi ezishintshayo njenge , , . Kufanele futhi akwazi ukubhala imibhalo nekhodi ngezilimi ezimbalwa futhi aqonde nobuchwepheshe benethiwekhi.
Unjiniyela we-DevOps unesibopho sanoma yikuphi ukuzenzekelayo kwemisebenzi ehlobene nokumisa nokuphakela izinhlelo zokusebenza. Ukuqapha kwesoftware nakho kuwela emahlombe akhe. Ukuze axazulule lezi zinkinga, usebenzisa izinhlelo ezihlukahlukene zokuphatha ukucushwa, izixazululo ze-virtualization namathuluzi amafu okulinganisa izinsiza.
Ubani oqashayo
Onjiniyela be-DevOps bangazuza noma iyiphi inhlangano ethuthukisa izinhlelo zokusebenza noma ephethe izinombolo ezinkulu zamaseva. Onjiniyela be-DevOps Imidondoshiya ye-IT efana ne-Amazon, Adobe ne-Facebook. Baphinde basebenze ku-Netflix, Walmart kanye ne-Etsy.
Onjiniyela be-DevOps bayiziqalo kuphela. Umsebenzi wabo ukukhipha umkhiqizo omncane osebenzayo ukuze uhlole umbono omusha. Ezimweni eziningi, ukuqalisa kungenza ngaphandle kwe-DevOps.
Ingakanani inkokhelo
Onjiniyela be-DevOps ngaphezu kwanoma ubani osembonini. Isilinganiso sokutholwa kochwepheshe abanjalo emhlabeni wonke sisuka ku-100 kuya ku-125 XNUMX zamadola ngonyaka.
E-USA bona Amadola ayizinkulungwane ezingama-90 ngonyaka (ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-500 ngenyanga). ECanada bona Amadola ayizinkulungwane eziyi-122 ngonyaka (ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-670 ngenyanga), kanti e-UK - amaphawundi ayizinkulungwane ezingama-67,5 ngonyaka (ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-490 ngenyanga).
Ngokuqondene neRussia, izinkampani zaseMoscow khokha ochwepheshe be-DevOps kusuka kuma-ruble ayi-100 kuye kwangama-200 ayizinkulungwane ngenyanga. E-St. Petersburg, abaqashi baphana kancane - banikeza ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingu-160-360 ngenyanga. Ezifundeni, amaholo acashunwe kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane eziyi-100-120 ngenyanga.
Ungaba kanjani uchwepheshe we-DevOps
I-DevOps iyisiqondiso esisha ku-IT, ngakho-ke alukho uhlu olumisiwe lwezidingo zonjiniyela be-DevOps. Ezikhaleni, phakathi kwezidingo zalesi sikhundla ungathola amakhono wokuphatha we-Debian ne-CentOS kanye nekhono lokusebenza ngamadrayivu ediski. .
Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, singaphetha ngokuthi, okokuqala, unjiniyela we-DevOps kufanele abe nombono omuhle wezobuchwepheshe. Kubalulekile ukuthi umuntu onjalo ahlale efunda amathuluzi amasha nobuchwepheshe.
Indlela elula yokuba unjiniyela we-DevOps kungaba umlawuli wesistimu noma umthuthukisi. Sebevele banamakhono amaningana adinga nje ukuthuthukiswa. Umsebenzi oyinhloko ukuthuthukisa isethi encane yolwazi ku-DevOps, ukuqonda ukuthi kusetshenzwa kanjani ngamathuluzi e-automation futhi ugcwalise izikhala ekuphatheni, ekuhleleni namakhono okwenza izinto ezibonakalayo.
Ukuze uqonde lapho ulwazi lusantuleka khona, ungasebenzisa noma . Izakhamizi zeHacker News nazo funda izincwadi""Futhi""(esibalulile ngenhla) kanye"Β» ngaphansi kwesitembu se-O'Reilly Media.
Ungakwazi futhi ukubhalisa ku , funda izihloko ezihamba phambili bese uqala ukuxhumana nonjiniyela be-DevOps ku . Kuyafaneleka futhi ukuhlola izifundo zamahhala ku noma .
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Source: www.habr.com