Sawubona, abasebenzisi bakaHabr! Ngethula kini ukuhunyushwa kwesihloko esithi βΒ» nguRobert Triggs. Kubukeka sengathi, kungani umbhali wangempela engabhala ngalesi sihloko ngo-2019, futhi kungani kufanele ngihumushe emngceleni ka-2020? Namuhla i-NFC ithole ukuphila kwayo kwangempela futhi iyekile ukuba ubuchwepheshe be-geeky kuma-fobs okhiye wamathokheni. Manje lezi izinkokhelo, futhi ngokwengxenye ikhaya elihlakaniphile nokukhiqizwa okuhlakaniphile. Ngakho-ke, kungani ungaphindi lokho okwenziwe, futhi kwabanye, into entsha?
I-NFC ibalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ubuchwepheshe obungenawaya, ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zokukhokha ku-inthanethi njenge-Samsung Pay ne-Google Pay. Ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa kumadivayisi e-flagship ngisho nebanga eliphakathi (ama-smartphone). Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa leli gama ngaphambilini, kodwa yini ngempela i-NFC? Kule ngxenye sizobheka ukuthi iyini, isebenza kanjani nokuthi isetshenziselwa ini.
I-NFC imele i-Near Field Communication futhi, njengoba igama libonisa, inika amandla ukuxhumana kwebanga elifushane phakathi kwamadivayisi ahambisanayo. Lokhu kudinga okungenani idivayisi eyodwa ukuze idlulise futhi enye yamukele isignali. Amadivayisi amaningi asebenzisa indinganiso ye-NFC futhi azobhekwa njengokungenzi lutho noma asebenzayo.
Amadivayisi e-Passive NFC ahlanganisa omaka nezinye izidluliseli ezincane ezithumela ulwazi kwamanye amadivayisi e-NFC ngaphandle kwesidingo somthombo wawo wamandla. Kodwa-ke, abacubunguli noma yiluphi ulwazi oluthunyelwe lusuka kweminye imithombo futhi abaxhumeki kwamanye amadivaysi asetshenziswayo. Zivame ukusetshenziselwa izimpawu ezisebenzayo ezindongeni noma ezikhangisweni, isibonelo.
Amadivayisi asebenzayo angathumela noma amukele idatha futhi axhumane, kanye namadivayisi angenzi lutho. Okwamanje, ama-smartphones ayindlela evamile kakhulu yedivayisi ye-NFC esebenzayo. Izifundi zamakhadi ezokuthutha zomphakathi kanye namatheminali okukhokha esikrini esithintayo nakho kuyizibonelo ezinhle zalobu buchwepheshe.
Isebenza kanjani i-NFC?
Manje sesiyazi ukuthi iyini i-NFC, kodwa isebenza kanjani? Njenge-Bluetooth, i-Wi-Fi nezinye izimpawu ezingenantambo, i-NFC isebenza ngomgomo wokudlulisa ulwazi ngamaza omsakazo. Ukuxhumana kwenkundla okuseduze kungenye yezindinganiso zokudlulisa idatha okungenantambo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amadivayisi kufanele ahlangabezane nezicaciso ezithile ukuze axhumane ngendlela efanele. Ubuchwepheshe obusetshenziswa ku-NFC busekelwe emibonweni emidala ye-RFID (I-Radio Frequency Identification), eyasebenzisa ukungeniswa kukazibuthe kagesi ukudlulisa ulwazi.
Lokhu kuphawula umehluko owodwa obalulekile phakathi kwe-NFC ne-Bluetooth/WiFi. Eyokuqala ingasetshenziswa ukufaka ugesi ezingxenyeni ze-passive (i-NFC yokwenziwa), kanye nokuthumela idatha kalula. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izisetshenziswa ezingenzi lutho azidingi ukunikezwa kwamandla azo. Esikhundleni salokho, anikwa amandla inkambu ye-electromagnetic ekhiqizwe i-NFC esebenzayo uma ingena ebangeni. Ngeshwa, ubuchwepheshe be-NFC abuhlinzeki ngendlela eyanele yokushaja ama-smartphones ethu, kodwa ukushaja okungenantambo kwe-QI kusekelwe kumgomo ofanayo.
Imvamisa yokudluliswa kwedatha ye-NFC ngu-13,56 megahertz. Ungathumela idatha ku-106, 212 noma 424 kbps. Lokhu kushesha ngokwanele ukudluliselwa kwedatha okuhlukahlukene - kusuka kulwazi lokuxhumana kuya ekwabelaneni ngezithombe nomculo.
Ukuze unqume ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lolwazi oluzotholakala ukuze luhwetshwe phakathi kwamadivayisi, izinga le-NFC njengamanje linezindlela ezintathu ezihlukene zokusebenza. Mhlawumbe ukusetshenziswa okuvame kakhulu kwe-(NFC) kuma-smartphone kufana nemodi yontanga. Lokhu kuvumela amadivayisi amabili anikwe amandla i-NFC ukuthi ashintshisane ngolwazi oluhlukahlukene. Kule modi, womabili amadivaysi ashintsha phakathi kokusebenza lapho kuthunyelwa idatha kanye ne- passiv uma yamukela.
Imodi yokufunda/yokubhala iyindlela eyodwa yokudlulisa idatha. Idivayisi esebenzayo, mhlawumbe i-smartphone yakho, ixhumana nenye idivaysi ukuze ifunde ulwazi kuyo. Omaka bokukhangisa be-NFC nabo basebenzisa le modi.
Indlela yokugcina yokusebenza iwukulingisa ikhadi. Idivayisi ye-NFC isebenza njengekhadi lesikweletu elihlakaniphile noma elingenakuthinta ukuze wenze izinkokhelo noma uxhume kumasistimu okukhokha ezithuthi zomphakathi.
Ukuqhathanisa ne-Bluetooth
Ngakho-ke, ihluke kanjani i-NFC kobunye ubuchwepheshe obungenawaya? Ungase ucabange ukuthi i-NFC ayidingeki ngempela, njengoba i-Bluetooth isakazeke kakhulu futhi ibambe ukuhola iminyaka eminingi (futhi, ngendlela, iyanqoba ekhaya elihlakaniphile kanye nezinhlelo zokukhiqiza ezihlakaniphile ezishiwo ngenhla). Nokho, kunomehluko eminingana obalulekile wezobuchwepheshe phakathi kwalokhu kokubili okunikeza i-NFC izinzuzo ezithile ezibalulekile ezimweni ezithile. Ingxabano enkulu evuna i-NFC ukuthi idinga amandla amancane kakhulu kune-Bluetooth. Lokhu kwenza i-NFC ifaneleke kumadivayisi angenzi lutho, njengamathegi asebenzisanayo okukhulunywe ngawo ekuqaleni, njengoba asebenza ngaphandle komthombo wamandla oyinhloko.
Kodwa-ke, lokhu konga amandla kunobubi obuthile obubalulekile. Ikakhulukazi, ububanzi bokudlulisela bufushane kakhulu kune-Bluetooth. Nakuba i-NFC inobubanzi obusebenzayo obungu-10 cm, ama-intshi ambalwa nje, i-Bluetooth idlulisela idatha ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-10 ukusuka emthonjeni. Okunye okubi ukuthi i-NFC ihamba kancane kuneBluetooth. Idlulisa idatha ngesivinini esiphezulu esingu-424 kbps kuphela, uma kuqhathaniswa no-2,1 Mbps ku-Bluetooth 2.1 noma mayelana ne-1 Mbps ye-Bluetooth Low Energy.
Kodwa i-NFC inenzuzo eyodwa enkulu: ukuxhumana okusheshayo. Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwe-inductive coupling kanye nokungabikho kokumatanisa okwenziwa ngesandla, ukuxhumana phakathi kwamadivayisi amabili kuthatha ngaphansi kokukodwa kweshumi kwesekhondi. Ngenkathi i-Bluetooth yesimanje ixhuma ngokushesha, i-NFC isalungele izimo ezithile. Futhi okwamanje, izinkokhelo zeselula ziyindawo yakhona engenakuphikwa yokufaka isicelo.
I-Samsung Pay, i-Android Pay ne-Apple Pay zisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-NFC - nakuba i-Samsung Pay isebenza ngomgomo ohlukile kwezinye. Nakuba i-Bluetooth isebenza kangcono ekuxhumeni amadivayisi okudlulisa/ukwabelana ngamafayela, ukuxhuma kuzipikha, njll., sithemba ukuthi i-NFC izohlale inendawo kulo mhlaba ngenxa yobuchwepheshe bokukhokha beselula obuthuthukayo.
Nokho, umbuzo kaHabr - ingabe usebenzisa amathokheni e-NFC kumaphrojekthi akho? Kanjani?
Source: www.habr.com