Kanye no-Elena Gerasimova, inhloko ye-faculty "» Ku-Netology siyaqhubeka nokuqonda ukuthi basebenzisana kanjani nokuthi oSosayensi Bedatha Nonjiniyela Bedatha bahluke kanjani.
Engxenyeni yokuqala batshele .
Kulesi sihloko sizokhuluma ngokuthi yiluphi ulwazi namakhono ochwepheshe okufanele babe nawo, iyiphi imfundo eyaziswa abaqashi, ukuthi izingxoxo zenziwa kanjani, nokuthi onjiniyela bedatha nososayensi bedatha bazuza malini.
Lokho ososayensi nonjiniyela okufanele bakwazi
Imfundo ekhethekile yabo bobabili ochwepheshe yiComputer Science.
Noma yimuphi usosayensi wedatha—usosayensi wedatha noma umhlaziyi—kufanele akwazi ukufakazela ubuqiniso beziphetho zabo. Ngenxa yalokhu awukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kolwazi izibalo eziyisisekelo ezihlobene nezibalo.
Amathuluzi okufunda ngomshini nawokuhlaziya idatha abalulekile emhlabeni wamanje. Uma amathuluzi ajwayelekile engatholakali, udinga ukuba namakhono ukufunda ngokushesha amathuluzi amasha, kudala imibhalo elula yokwenza imisebenzi ngokuzenzakalelayo.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi usosayensi wedatha kufanele akhulume ngokuphumelelayo imiphumela yokuhlaziywa. Kuzomsiza kulokhu ukubonwa kwedatha noma imiphumela yocwaningo nokuhlolwa kwemibono. Ochwepheshe kufanele bakwazi ukudala amashadi namagrafu, basebenzise amathuluzi okubona ngeso lengqondo, futhi baqonde futhi bachaze idatha esuka kumadeshibhodi.
Kunjiniyela wedatha, izindawo ezintathu ziza phambili.
Ama-algorithms nezakhiwo zedatha. Kubalulekile ukwenza kahle ekubhaleni ikhodi nokusebenzisa izakhiwo eziyisisekelo nama-algorithms:
- Ukuhlaziywa kobunzima be-algorithm,
- ikhono lokubhala ikhodi ecacile, egcinekayo,
- i-batch processing,
- ukucubungula ngesikhathi sangempela.
Izingosi zolwazi kanye nezinqolobane zedatha, iBusiness Intelligence:
- ukugcinwa nokucubungula idatha,
- ukwakhiwa kwamasistimu aphelele,
- Ukufakwa Kwedatha,
- amasistimu wefayela asakaziwe.
I-Hadoop nedatha Enkulu. Kukhona idatha eyengeziwe, futhi phakathi neminyaka engu-3-5, lobu buchwepheshe buzodingeka kubo bonke onjiniyela. Okungeziwe:
- Idatha Lakes
- ukusebenza nabahlinzeki bamafu.
Ukufunda ngomshini izosetshenziswa yonke indawo, futhi kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi yiziphi izinkinga zebhizinisi elizosiza ukuzixazulula. Akudingekile ukuthi ukwazi ukwenza amamodeli (ososayensi bedatha bangakwazi ukusingatha lokhu), kodwa udinga ukuqonda isicelo sabo kanye nezidingo ezihambisanayo.
Bahola malini onjiniyela nososayensi?
Imali Engenayo Yonjiniyela Wedatha
Ngokwenza kwamazwe ngamazwe amaholo okuqala ngokuvamile angu-$100 ngonyaka futhi akhuphuka kakhulu ngolwazi, ngokusho kwe-Glassdoor. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkampani zivame ukuhlinzeka ngezinketho zamasheya kanye namabhonasi wonyaka we-000-5%.
E-Russia ekuqaleni komsebenzi, iholo ngokuvamile alikho ngaphansi kwama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingu-50 ezifundeni kanye nezinkulungwane ezingu-80 eMoscow. Akukho okuhlangenwe nakho ngaphandle kokuqeqeshwa okuqediwe okudingekayo kulesi sigaba.
Ngemuva kweminyaka engu-1-2 yomsebenzi - imfoloko yama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingu-90-100.
Imfoloko ikhula ibe yizinkulungwane eziyi-120-160 eminyakeni emi-2-5. Izinto ezinjengokukhethekile kwezinkampani zangaphambilini, usayizi wamaphrojekthi, ukusebenza ngedatha enkulu, njll.
Ngemva kweminyaka engu-5 yomsebenzi, kulula ukubheka izikhala eminyangweni ehlobene noma ukufaka isicelo sezikhundla ezifunde kakhulu ezifana nalezi:
- Umakhi noma umthuthukisi oholayo ebhange noma nge-telecom - cishe izinkulungwane ezingama-250.
- I-Pre-Sales evela kumthengisi osebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuseduze kakhulu - izinkulungwane ezingama-200 kanye nebhonasi engenzeka (ama-ruble ayizigidi ezingu-1-1,5).
- Ochwepheshe ekusetshenzisweni kwezicelo zebhizinisi ze-Enterprise, njenge-SAP - kufika ku-350 ayizinkulungwane.
Imali engenayo yososayensi bedatha
imakethe yabahlaziyi benkampani "I-Normal Research" kanye ne-ejensi yokuqasha i-New.HR ibonisa ukuthi ochwepheshe be-Data Science bathola ngokwesilinganiso iholo eliphakeme kunabahlaziyi bezinye izinto ezikhethekile.
E-Russia, iholo lokuqala lososayensi wedatha onolwazi kuze kube unyaka lisuka kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane eziyi-113.
Ukuphothulwa kwezinhlelo zokuqeqesha manje sekubhekwa njengesipiliyoni somsebenzi.
Ngemva kweminyaka engu-1-2, uchwepheshe onjalo angathola kakade kuze kufike ku-160 ayizinkulungwane.
Kumsebenzi onolwazi lweminyaka engu-4-5, imfoloko ikhuphuka ibe yizinkulungwane ezingama-310.
Zenziwa kanjani izingxoxo?
Emazweni aseNtshonalanga, abathweswe iziqu ezinhlelweni zokuqeqeshwa kwemisebenzi yezandla banenhlolokhono yabo yokuqala ngokwesilinganiso samasonto ama-5 ngemva kokuphothula. Cishe u-85% uthola umsebenzi ngemva kwezinyanga ezi-3.
Inqubo yenhlolokhono yonjiniyela wedatha nezikhundla zesayensi yedatha iyafana. Ngokuvamile iqukethe izigaba ezinhlanu.
Isifingqo. Amakhandidethi anolwazi lwangaphambili olungabalulekile (isb., ukumaketha) kudingeka alungiselele incwadi enemininingwane yenkampani ngayinye noma abe nereferensi evela komele leyo nkampani.
Ukuhlolwa kobuchwepheshe. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngocingo. Iqukethe umbuzo owodwa noma emibili eyinkimbinkimbi kanye nemibuzo eminingi elula ehlobene nesitaki samanje somqashi.
HR interview. Kungenziwa ngocingo. Kulesi sigaba, ikhandidethi ihlolelwa ukwanela okujwayelekile kanye nekhono lokuxhumana.
Ingxoxo yobuchwepheshe. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngomuntu. Ezinkampanini ezihlukene, izinga lezikhundla etafuleni labasebenzi lihlukile, futhi izikhundla zingaqanjwa ngendlela ehlukile. Ngakho-ke, kulesi sigaba ulwazi lobuchwepheshe oluvivinywayo.
Ingxoxo ne-CTO/I-Architect Eyinhloko. Unjiniyela nososayensi yizikhundla zamasu, futhi ezinkampanini eziningi nazo zintsha. Kubalulekile ukuthi umphathi amthande lowo angasebenza naye futhi avumelane naye emibonweni yakhe.
Yini ezosiza ososayensi nonjiniyela ekukhuleni kwabo emsebenzini?
Maningi kakhulu amathuluzi amasha okusebenza ngedatha avele. Futhi bambalwa abantu abalungile ngokulinganayo kuwo wonke umuntu.
Izinkampani eziningi azikakulungeli ukuqasha abasebenzi ngaphandle kwesipiliyoni somsebenzi. Kodwa-ke, amakhandidethi anesizinda esincane nolwazi lwezisekelo zamathuluzi adumile angathola ulwazi oludingekayo uma efunda futhi ethuthuka ewodwa.
Izimfanelo eziwusizo zonjiniyela wedatha nososayensi wedatha
Isifiso nekhono lokufunda. Akudingekile ukuthi ugijimise ulwazi ngokushesha noma ushintshe imisebenzi ukuze uthole ithuluzi elisha, kodwa udinga ukuzimisela ukushintshela endaweni entsha.
Isifiso sokushintsha izinqubo zesimiso. Lokhu kubalulekile hhayi kuphela ekukhiqizeni, kodwa futhi nokugcina izinga eliphezulu ledatha kanye nesivinini sokulethwa kumthengi.
Ukunaka nokuqonda "lokho okungaphansi kwehood" yezinqubo. Uchwepheshe onombono nolwazi olunzulu lwezinqubo uzoxazulula inkinga ngokushesha.
Ngaphezu kolwazi oluhle kakhulu lwama-algorithms, izakhiwo zedatha namapayipi, udinga funda ukucabanga emikhiqizweni - bona isixazululo sezakhiwo nebhizinisi njengesithombe esisodwa.
Isibonelo, kuyasiza ukuthatha noma iyiphi isevisi eyaziwa futhi uqhamuke nesizindalwazi sayo. Bese ucabanga ukuthi ungayithuthukisa kanjani i-ETL ne-DW ezoyigcwalisa ngedatha, hlobo luni lwabathengi oluzoba futhi yini ebalulekile kubo ukwazi ngedatha, nokuthi abathengi basebenzisana kanjani nezicelo: ukucinga umsebenzi nokuqomisana, ukuqasha imoto. , isicelo se-podcast, inkundla yezemfundo.
Izikhundla zomhlaziyi, usosayensi wedatha kanye nonjiniyela zisondelene kakhulu, ngakho-ke ungakwazi ukusuka kwelinye icala uye kwenye ngokushesha kunokusuka kwezinye izindawo.
Kunoma yikuphi, kuzoba lula kulabo abananoma iyiphi isizinda se-IT kunalabo abangenayo. Ngokwesilinganiso, abantu abadala abagqugquzelekile baphinde baqeqeshe futhi bashintshe imisebenzi njalo eminyakeni eyi-1,5–2. Lokhu kulula kulabo abafunda eqenjini kanye nomeluleki, uma kuqhathaniswa nalabo abathembele emithonjeni evulekile kuphela.
Kusuka kubahleli beNetology
Uma ubheka umsebenzi we-Data Engineer noma Data Scientist, sikumema ukuthi ufunde izinhlelo zethu zezifundo:
- Umsebenzi "".
- Umsebenzi "".
- Kahle"".
Source: www.habr.com