Kusukela ngomhlaka-1 Julayi 2019, ukulebula okuyisibopho kweqembu lezimpahla kwethulwe eRussia. Kusukela ngoMashi 1, 2020, izicathulo bekufanele zibe ngaphansi kwalo mthetho. Akuwona wonke umuntu owayenesikhathi sokulungiselela, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukwethulwa kwahlehliselwa uJulayi 1. ULamoda uphakathi kwalabo abaphumelele.
Ngakho-ke, sifuna ukwabelana ngolwazi lwethu nalabo abangakafaki ilebula izingubo, amathayi, iziqholo, njll. I-athikili ichaza inani lamazinga emboni, imibhalo ethile yokulawula kanye nolwazi lomuntu siqu. I-athikili ihloselwe ikakhulukazi abahlanganisi nabathuthukisi abasazoqonda le phrojekthi.
Sicela uqaphele ukuthi imithethonqubo ishintsha njalo futhi akwenzeki ngombhali ukuthi aqhubeke ebuyekeza okokusebenza. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi uyifunda, eminye imininingwane kungenzeka isiphelelwe yisikhathi.
Umbhali uthole ulwazi lwakhe siqu kokubili njengengxenye yomsebenzi wephrojekthi ye-Datamatrix e-Lamoda, nalapho enza eyakhe isicelo samahhala sokulebula i-BarCodesFx.
Kusukela ngomhlaka-1 Julayi 2019, umthetho wokulebula okuyisibopho ubulokhu usebenza e-Russia. Umthetho awusebenzi kuwo wonke amaqembu ezimpahla, futhi izinsuku zokuqalisa ukusebenza kokulebula okuyisibopho kwamaqembu omkhiqizo ziyehluka. Njengamanje, ugwayi, amajazi oboya, izicathulo, nemithi kungaphansi kokulebula okuyisibopho. Izokwethulwa maduze amasondo, izingubo zokugqoka, iziqholo namabhayisikili. Iqembu ngalinye lezimpahla lilawulwa yisinqumo sikahulumeni esihlukile (GPR). Ngakho-ke, ezinye izitatimende eziyiqiniso zezicathulo zingase zingabi yiqiniso kwamanye amaqembu omkhiqizo. Kodwa singathemba ukuthi ingxenye yezobuchwepheshe ngeke ihluke kakhulu kumaqembu emikhiqizo ehlukene.
UkumakaUmqondo oyinhloko wokulebula ukuthi iyunithi ngayinye yezimpahla inikezwe inombolo ngayinye. Usebenzisa le nombolo, ungakwazi ukulandelela umlando wento ethile yezimpahla kusukela ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza noma ukungenisa ezweni, kuze kube yisikhathi sokulahlwa ekukhokheni. Kuzwakala kukuhle, kodwa ekusebenzeni kunzima kakhulu ukukusebenzisa.Umqondo uchazwe kabanzi kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni yophawu oluthembekile.
Imigomo nemibono evamile
UOT - obambe iqhaza ekusatshalalisweni kwezimpahla.
I-CRPT - isikhungo sokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obuthembisayo. Inkampani ezimele, okuwukuphela kwezwe usonkontileka wephrojekthi yokumaka. Isebenza ngaphansi kohlelo lwe-Public Private Partnership (PPP). Ngeshwa, alukho ulwazi mayelana nabanye ababambe iqhaza kuthenda yale phrojekthi, kanye nangethenda ngokwayo.
TG - iqembu lomkhiqizo. Izicathulo, izingubo, amathayi, njll.
I-GTIN - empeleni, i-athikili ecabangela umbala nosayizi. Ikhishwe ku-GS1 noma kukhathalogi kazwelonke yomthengi ngamunye noma umkhiqizi womkhiqizo wakhe. Umkhiqizi noma ongenisa impahla ngaphandle kumele baqale bachaze umkhiqizo.
I-PPR - Isinqumo sikaHulumeni waseRussian Federation. Okwezicathulo - 860.
KM - ikhodi yokumaka. Isethi ehlukile yezinhlamvu enikezwe into ethile yomkhiqizo. Ezicathulweni, iqukethe i-GTIN, inombolo ye-serial, ikhodi yokuqinisekisa kanye ne-crypto-tail.
I-GS1 yinhlangano yamazwe ngamazwe ekhipha ama-GTIN. Futhi zingabadidiyeli benani lezindinganiso zokulebula.
Ikhathalogi kazwelonke - i-analogue ye-GS1, eyakhiwe yi-CRPT.
I-Cryptotail - i-analogue yesiginesha yedijithali eqinisekisa ukuba semthethweni kwe-CM. Kufanele ibe ku-matrix yedatha esitembuni. Isitoreji sefomu lombhalo asivunyelwe. Ngemuva kokuphrinta, izitembu kufanele zisuswe ngokuhambisana nesivumelwano ne-CRPT. Azikho izimo ezaziwayo zokusetshenziswa kwangempela.
I-CPS - Isiteshi sokuphatha ama-oda. Uhlelo lapho ama-KM ezimpahla a-odwa khona.
EDI - Ukuphathwa kwemibhalo ye-elekthronikhi.
UKEP - isiginesha ye-elekthronikhi ethuthukisiwe.
Imigomo nemiqondo ngaphakathi kwesikophu salesi sihloko
ChZ - uphawu oluthembekile.
KULUNGILE - Indawo yomuntu siqu.
Yenza - ikhodi yokumaka ephrintiwe.
Inqubo imi kanje: okokuqala, umhlanganyeli (UOT) ukhipha isiginesha ye-elekthronikhi (UKEP), ubhalisa ngophawu oluthembekile (CH), uchaza umkhiqizo kukhathalogi kazwelonke noma i-GS1, futhi uthola ama-GTIN omkhiqizo. Lezi zinyathelo zichazwe ngokuningiliziwe kuwebhusayithi yezimpawu ezithembekile, ngakho-ke ngeke sihlale kuzo.
Uku-oda nokwamukela amakhodi
Ngemva kokuthola ama-GTIN, umhlanganyeli (UOT) ufaka i-oda lamakhodi (KM) ohlelweni lwe-CPS.
Okubalulekile, kodwa akubonakali.
- Ungawacela amakhodi ama-GTIN afinyelela kwayi-10 nge-oda elilodwa. Empeleni, umkhawulo ongaqondakali. Umuntu ongenisa impahla ngaphandle onama-GTIN angu-14 kufanele enze ama-oda angu-000.
- Kungacelwa amakhodi angu-150 nge-oda ngalinye.
- Kunomkhawulo wama-oda ayi-100 aqhubekayo. Okusho ukuthi, ama-oda angekho ngaphezu kwe-100 angacutshungulwa ngesikhathi esifanayo. Uma kukhona okungaphezu kuka-100, i-API izoqala ukubuyisela iphutha esikhundleni sohlu lwama-oda. Okuwukuphela kwendlela yokulungisa leli phutha ukuvala ama-oda athile ngesixhumi esibonakalayo sewebhu. I-API ayinikezi ipharamitha yokubonisa ingxenye yama-oda.
- Kunomkhawulo enanini lezicelo - izicelo ezingeqile kweziyi-10 ngomzuzwana. Ngokolwazi lwami, lo mkhawulo awuveli kumadokhumenti, kodwa ukhona.
Kusukela kokuhlangenwe nakho komuntu siqu kokusebenza ngama-oda wamakhodi okumaka we-KM nge-API yohlelo lwe-CPS.
- Isicelo (i-json ngokwayo) kufanele sisayinwe ngesiginesha ye-GOST. Lokhu kusebenza nge-cryptopro. Kufanele uqinisekise ngokucophelela ukuthi uhlaka noma umtapo wolwazi osetshenzisiwe awushintshi i-json yasekuqaleni ngisho nangebhayithi. Uma kungenjalo, isiginesha iyeka ukusebenza ngokushesha.
- Oda isiginesha. I-oda lingasayinwa yinoma iyiphi isignesha yanoma yiliphi iklayenti. Uma isiginesha ivumelekile, isistimu ye-CPS izokwamukela. Ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa, kube nokwenzeka ukusayina isicelo ngesiginesha yomunye ekhishwe ku-CA yokuhlola. Isifunda sokulwa sesistimu yokulawula sicubungule i-oda namakhodi akhishiwe. Ngokubona kwami ββlena imbobo yokuphepha. Onjiniyela baphendule umbiko wesiphazamisi ngokuthi "sizobona." Ngethemba ukuthi isilungisiwe.
Ngakho-ke, qaphela kakhulu uma izinhlangano ezisemthethweni ezingaphezu kweyodwa zisebenza endaweni eyodwa yokusebenza. ubuso. Namuhla i-CPS izozamukela lezi zicelo, futhi kusasa izicelo zizophinda zihlolwe futhi ingxenye yamakhodi izohoxiswa ngenxa yesiginesha yomunye umuntu. Futhi ngokomthetho, ngokusemthethweni bazobe belungile.
- Ukusayinda ngokuzenzakalela kwama-oda kuwumsebenzi ongasatholakali ku-KMS. Ukuze isebenze, kwakudingeka ukulayisha ingxenye yangasese yokhiye ku-akhawunti yomuntu siqu yophawu oluthembekile. Lokhu kuwukuvumelana kokhiye. Futhi ngokomthetho wamanje, uma kwenzeka kuba nesivumelwano esithuthukisiwe nesiginesha ye-elekthronikhi, umnikazi kufanele azise isikhungo sakhe sesitifiketi (CA) futhi ahoxise i-ECEP. Uma lokhu kusebenza kubuyiselwa, qaphela ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi ingxenye eyimfihlo yokhiye ayishiyi ikhompuyutha.
- NgoFebruwari, Isikhungo Sokuthuthukiswa Kwezobuchwepheshe Ezithuthukisiwe (CRPT) yethula buthule umkhawulo enanini lezicelo ku-CPS API. Asikho isicelo esingaphezu kwesisodwa ngesekhondi. Khona-ke, ngokungalindelekile nangokuthula, wawususa lo mkhawulo. Ngakho-ke, ngincoma ukuthi isistimu yakhelwe ekhonweni lokukhawulela inani lezicelo ku-CRPT API uma kwenzeka iphindeka. Manje kukhona ulwazi mayelana nomkhawulo wezicelo ezingu-10 ngomzuzwana.
- Futhi ngoFebhuwari, ukuziphatha kwe-CPS API kwashintsha kakhulu ngaphandle kwesixwayiso. I-API inesicelo sokuthola isimo sama-oda. Isimo sikhombise amabhafa nesimo sawo. I-GTIN eyodwa = ibhafa eyodwa. Iphinde yabonisa ukuthi mangaki amakhodi atholakalayo ukuze awathole ku-buffer. Ngolunye usuku oluhle, inani lawo wonke ama-buffers laba ngu-1. Kwadingeka ngisebenzise indlela ehlukile ukuze ngibuze isimo sebhafa ngayinye ngokwehlukana. Esikhundleni sesicelo esisodwa, kwadingeka ngenze ishumi nanye.
Isakhiwo sekhodi
Ngakho-ke, amakhodi a-odiwe futhi akhiqizwa. Angatholakala nge-API ngendlela yombhalo, nge-pdf njengamalebula okuphrinta nanjengefayela le-csv elinombhalo.
I-API isivele ibhaliwe ngenhla. Ngokuqondene nezinye izindlela ezimbili. Ekuqaleni, uhlelo lokulawula lwalukuvumela ukuthi uqoqe amakhodi kanye kuphela. Futhi uma ifayela le-pdf lithathwe, khona-ke kwakungenzeka ukuthola amakhodi ngefomu lombhalo kuphela ngokuskena kabusha wonke ama-matrices wedatha kusuka ku-pdf. Ngenhlanhla, bangeze ikhono lokuqoqa amakhodi izikhathi eziningana, futhi le nkinga yaxazululwa. Amakhodi asatholakala ukuze aphinde alandwe phakathi kwezinsuku ezimbili.
Uma uyithatha ngefomethi ye-csv, ungalokothi, ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izimo, uyivule ku-Excel. Futhi ungavumeli muntu. I-Excel inesici sokulondoloza ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ngesikhathi sokulondoloza, i-Excel ingashintsha amakhodi akho ngezindlela ezingalindelekile kakhulu. Ngincoma ukusebenzisa i-notepad++ ukuze ubuke amakhodi.
Uma uvula ifayela ku-CMS ku-notepad++, ungabona imigqa efana nalena. Ikhodi yesithathu ayivumelekile (ayinazo izinqamuli ze-GS).
Ozakwethu basinike amakhodi wokulebula imikhiqizo yabo. Iso lenyama lingabona ukuthi yimaphi amafayela akhiqizwe kusetshenziswa i-Excel - amakhodi angafika ku-5% abengavumelekile.
Ngincoma kakhulu ukufunda mayelana GS1. Incazelo yezinga iqukethe izimpendulo zemibuzo eminingi mayelana nokwakhiwa kwe-DataMatrix.
Ikhodi yokuhlonza iqukethe i-GTIN kanye nenombolo yomkhiqizo. Ngokwezinga le-GS1, lezi zihambisana Nezihlonzi Zohlelo (AI) 01 kanye no-21. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi Izihlonzi Zohlelo lokusebenza aziyona ingxenye ye-GTIN kanye nenombolo yomkhiqizo. Abonisa ukuthi isihlonzi sohlelo lokusebenza (UI) silandelwa yi-GTIN noma inombolo yomkhiqizo. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma uhlela isofthiwe yerejista yemali. Ukuze ugcwalise ithegi 1162, udinga kuphela i-GTIN kanye nenombolo ye-serial, ngaphandle kwezihlonzi zohlelo lokusebenza.
Ku-UTD (idokhumenti yokudlulisa yonke indawo) neminye imibhalo, ngokuphambene, ngokuvamile udinga lonke irekhodi elinezihlonzi zezicelo.
Izinga le-GS1 lithi i-GTIN inobude obumisiwe bezinhlamvu ezingu-14 futhi ingaqukatha izinombolo kuphela. Inombolo ye-serial inobude obuguquguqukayo futhi ichazwe ekhasini le-155 lezinga. Kukhona futhi isixhumanisi setafula elinezimpawu ezingase zivele enombolweni ye-serial.
Njengoba inombolo ye-serial inobude obuguquguqukayo, isihlukanisi se-GS sibonisa ukuphela kwenombolo yomkhiqizo. Kuthebula le-ASCII linekhodi 29. Ngaphandle kwalesi sihlukanisi, alukho uhlelo oluzoqonda ukuthi inombolo ye-serial iphele ngasiphi isikhathi futhi amanye amaqembu edatha aqala.
Imininingwane eyengeziwe mayelana nekhodi yokumaka (KM) ingatholakala ku .
Ngezicathulo, inombolo ye-serial igxilwe ezinhlamvu ezingu-13, noma kunjalo, ubukhulu bayo bungashintshwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Kwamanye amaqembu omkhiqizo (TG), ubude benombolo ye-serial bungahluka.
I-DataMatrix Generation
Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukuguqula idatha ibe ikhodi ye-DataMatrix. I-Russian Government Decree 860 icacisa i-GOST, ngokusho okudingekayo ukudala i-DataMatrix. Futhi, i-PPR 860 icacisa ukusetshenziswa okuyisibopho kwezihlonzi zohlelo lokusebenza. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi izinga le-DataMatrix alinawo umqondo "wezihlonzi zohlelo lokusebenza". Atholakala kuphela ezingeni le-GS-1 DataMatrix. Kuvele ukuthi i-PPR 860 ibophezela ngokusobala ukusetshenziswa kwe-GS-1 DataMatrix. Ngenhlanhla, izindinganiso ziyefana. Umehluko obalulekile: Ku-GS-1 DataMatrix, uhlamvu lokuqala kufanele lube ngu-FNC1. Uphawu lwe-GS akufanele luvele kuqala ku-DataMatrix, kuphela i-FNC1.
I-FNC1 ayikwazi nje ukungezwa emugqeni njenge-GS. Kufanele yengezwe uhlelo olukhiqiza i-DataMatrix. Kukhona okuningana okuthunyelwe kuzinsiza ze-Alliance Forts , ongahlola ngawo ukufaneleka kwamakhodi e-DataMatrix akhiqiziwe.
Kubalulekile. Uhlelo lokusebenza lophawu oluthembekile lwamukela i-DataMatrix engavumelekile. Ngisho namakhodi e-QR. Iqiniso lokuthi umkhiqizo waqashelwa kanye nolwazi lomkhiqizo waboniswa alibonisi ukuthi i-DataMatrix yakheke ngendlela efanele. Ngisho nalapho i-crypto-tail ishintshiwe, uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-ChZ lwaqaphela umkhiqizo futhi lwabonisa idatha kumkhiqizo.
Kamuva i-ChZ yakhululwa , indlela yokwenza amakhodi ngendlela efanele. Ngenxa yenani elikhulu lamakhodi anamaphutha, babone amakhodi angenayo i-FNC1 njengavumelekile, kodwa basancoma ukukhiqiza i-GS-1 DataMatrix.
Ngeshwa, iphesenti elikhulu kakhulu lama-matrices edatha evela kozakwethu beze namaphutha. Ngenxa yezincazelo ezivela ku-ChZ, umbuzo othi "Ingabe kungenzeka ukudayisa umkhiqizo onjalo ngemva kukaJulayi 1 noma cha?" waxazululwa ngokuphelele. Spoiler - ungakwazi.
Ukuphrinta
Naka indlela izitembu ezinyatheliswa ngayo. Uma iphrintwa kuphrinta eshisayo, isitembu siyanyamalala ngokushesha futhi umkhiqizo ngeke usakwazi ukuthengiswa. Isitembu esingafundeki siwukwephulwa kwe-PPR 860. Lokhu kuholela ekuthathweni kwezimpahla, izinhlawulo, kanye nesibopho sobugebengu.
Sebenzisa ukuphrinta kokudlulisa okushisayo. Kulokhu, i-brand akulula kangako ukufiphala. Impahla yelebula iphinde inqume ukuthi umkhiqizo usengozini kangakanani ekulimaleni komshini. Uma ikhodi ingakwazi ukufundwa ngenxa yokulimala komshini, lokhu kufana nokungabikho komkhiqizo nayo yonke imiphumela elandelayo.
Khetha iphrinta kumavolumu akho okuphrinta ahleliwe. Amaphrinta wedeskithophu awaklanyelwe ukuphrinta amalebula angu-100 ngosuku.
Ukumisa nokuqala ukuphrinta kukhulisa ukuguga nokuwohloka kwephrinta. Ezinye izinhlelo zithumela umsebenzi wokuphrinta ilebula elilodwa ngesikhathi. Kungcono ukungasebenzisi izinhlelo ezinjalo.
Sebenza ngamadokhumenti
Ngemuva kokuthi izitembu ziphrintiwe futhi zinamathiselwe, konke okunye ukuthengiselana kwazo kwenzeka ngemibhalo noma nge-akhawunti yomuntu siqu yophawu oluthembekile.
Lapho usebenza nenani elikhulu lamakhodi, ungakha amafayela e-xml aqukethe amakhodi adingekayo futhi ulayishe lawa mafayela nge-API noma isixhumi esibonakalayo sewebhu se-akhawunti yakho yomuntu siqu.
Uhlelo lwe-XSD lungalandwa esigabeni "sosizo" se-ChZ LC.
Sicela uqaphele amaphuzu alandelayo.
- Izikimu ze-Xsd ku-LC ChZ ziqukethe amaphutha ekuqinisekiseni i-TIN kanye nemikhawulo yobude bomugqa. Kuphela ngemva kokulungisa amaphutha ungasebenzisa imidwebo. Ngenhlanhla, amaphutha asobala, ngakho lokhu akunzima ukukwenza.
- Uhlelo ngokuvamile luqukethe izingxenye ezimbili - ezivamile kuzo zonke izinhlobo zemibhalo futhi zihlukaniselwe uhlobo oluthile. I-schema evamile yengezwa ngokungeniswa kwesiqondile. Yomibili imidwebo ifakwe engxenyeni yosizo ye-ChZ LC.
- Imithetho yokuphunyuka ye-CM ihlukile kuleyo evame ukwamukelwa ku-XML, lokhu kubhalwe emibhalweni esemthethweni evela ku-ChZ, qaphela lokhu. Lapha Yonke imithetho isekhasini lesi-4.
- Akufanele uzame ukufaka amakhodi angu-150 ekusatshalalisweni kwefayela elilodwa. Ngokusho kofakazi bokuzibonela, amafayela angaphezu kuka-000 ngokuvamile adluliswa.
- Ifayela le-Xml lingagoqwa ngephutha βiphutha lokuqinisekisa le-xmlβ, futhi ngemva kwemizuzu emihlanu ifayela elifanayo lingamukelwa ngaphandle kwezinkinga.
- Uma ifayela liqukethe ikhodi esivele ifakiwe ekujikelezeni, khona-ke ifayela elifakwe efayeleni elijikelezayo cishe ngeke lamukelwe.
- Ukuthumela nokwamukela imibhalo kusetshenziswa njengesixazululo sesikhashana. Ngokuzayo, bahlela ukuziqeda futhi bashintshele ku-UPD ngokuvumelana ne-PPR 860.
- Inganekwane mayelana 60 izinsuku. Kunombono wokuthi amakhodi angafakwanga ekujikelezeni "ashe" ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-60. Lena inganekwane, umthombo ongaziwa. Amakhodi aphelelwa yisikhathi kuphela uma ungawaqoqanga ohlelweni lokulawula zingakapheli izinsuku ezingama-60. Ukuphila kwamakhodi aqoqiwe akukhawulelwe.
isiphetho
Lapho ngithuthukisa uhlelo lwami lokusebenza lwamahhala lokulebula i-BarCodesFX, ukuhlanganiswa ne-CPS API kwenziwa ekuqaleni. Lapho uphawu oluthembekile lushintsha ngokungalindelekile ukucabanga kwe-API okwesibili, ukuhlanganiswa kwadingeka kuyekwe. Ngithemba ukuthi esikhathini esizayo i-ChZ izokwazi ukuzinzisa ukuthuthukiswa kanye ne-API, ngoba Ngomkhiqizo ongewona owokuthengisa, kubiza kakhulu kimi ukuhlola kabili nsuku zonke ukuthi kube khona izinguquko ku-API futhi ngiyithuthukise ngokushesha.
Lapho usebenzisa ukumaka, funda ngokucophelela amadokhumenti okulawula eqembu lakho lomkhiqizo we-TG, phrinta i-GS1-DataMatrix ngendlela efanele futhi ulungele noma yiziphi izinguquko ezingalindelekile engxenyeni yophawu lwe-ChZ oluthembekile.
I-Fort Alliance idale indawo yolwazi (, kuthelegramu, kumasemina, kumawebinars), lapho ungathola khona ulwazi oluwusizo nolufanele mayelana nokulebula kuzo zonke izimboni.
Source: www.habr.com