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Lumayelana nani lolu cwaningo?
Igama elithi DWeb (Decentralized Web, Dweb) noma ngokuvamile iwukubamba inombolo yobuchwepheshe obusha obuzoguqula iwebhu eminyakeni embalwa ezayo. Sikhulume nabaphenduli abangu-631 okwamanje abasebenza ngobuchwepheshe obusabalalisiwe futhi bakha iwebhu ehlukaniselwe izindawo.
Ocwaningweni, sihlanganise amatimu enqubekelaphambili yamanje kanye nezithiyo ezinkulu onjiniyela ababhekana nazo kuwebhu entsha. Njengabo bonke ubuchwepheshe obusha, kunezinselelo eziningi zokuthuthukisa izixazululo ezihlukaniselwe amazwe, kodwa isithombe siphelele siyethembisa: iwebhu ehlukaniselwe abantu abaningi inikeza ithemba nethuba eliningi.
IWebhu ekuqaleni yasungulwa ngu-Tim Berners-Lee njengenethiwekhi evulekile, ehlukaniselwe ukusebenzelana. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ama-tech giants amahlanu yaqala ukudala izixhumanisi ezisebenziseka kalula futhi yaqhubekela phambili, yathola isisindo esibucayi.
Kulula ukuthi abantu basebenzise izinsiza ezisheshayo nezimahhala, ukuxhumana nabangane, abantu obajwayele kanye nezethameli. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuba lula kokuxhumana nabantu kunobubi. Ziyanda izehlakalo zokugadwa komsebenzisi, ukucwaninga, ukwephulwa kobumfihlo kanye nemiphumela ehlukahlukene yezepolitiki iyatholwa. Konke lokhu kuwumkhiqizo wokulawulwa kwedatha okumaphakathi.
Manje amaphrojekthi amaningi adala ingqalasizinda ezimele futhi azama ukuqeda abaxhumanisi ngendlela ye-FAANG.
Ekuqaleni kwawo-2000, amaphrojekthi amakhulu e-indie - i-Napster, i-Tor kanye ne-BitTorrent - amake ukubuya ekwahlukaniselweni kwamazwe. Kamuva basithwa yizimbangi zabo ezibekwe endaweni eyodwa.
Intshisekelo yokwabiwa kwamazwe yancipha, futhi yavuselelwa ngokufika komsebenzi wesayensi wohlobo lwemali olusha - i-Bitcoin, egunyazwe nguSatoshi Nakamoto.
Kusukela kuleli qophelo kuqhubeke, izivumelwano ezintsha ze-DWeb, njenge-IPFS, zivula indlela yezinguquko ezibalulekile kuwebhu. Futhi amaphrojekthi asindile kusukela ekuqaleni kwawo-2000, njenge-Tor, I2P kanye nama-Mixnets, angena esigabeni esisha sokuthuthuka. Manje, isizukulwane sonke samaphrojekthi kanye nabathuthukisi baphishekela umbono wokuqala wewebhu eyakhiwe eyaqanjwa u-Tim Berners-Lee ngo-1990 e-CERN.
Kube nokungaboni ngaso linye emphakathini mayelana nokuthi iyini iwebhu entsha. Ucwaningo lwethu luveza izimiso ezifanayo ezabiwe onjiniyela kule ndawo.
Ucwaningo luqala ngokuhlolwa kwezinkinga ezibaluleke kakhulu ngeWebhu yamanje futhi luphetha ngokuthi i-DWeb ingazinqoba kanjani izinselelo ebhekene nazo.
Ukutholwa Okusemqoka
- Amaphrojekthi amaningi angaphansi kweminyaka emibili ubudala, okuphakamisa ukuthi i-DWeb isavela futhi isewubuchwepheshe obusha.
- Izingxenye ezintathu kwezine zabaphendulile zikholelwa ukuthi i-DWeb iqhutshwa ngokuyinhloko imibono nomdlandla, nokuthi ayikaqondwa abasebenzisi abajwayelekile.
- Ukugcinwa kuyimfihlo kwedatha nokulawula phezu kwayo, kanye nokuqina kobuchwepheshe ekuhlulekeni, yizici ezilindelwe kakhulu ze-DWeb.
- Ubunzima obukhulu kakhulu lapho kuthuthukiswa i-DWeb kubangelwa ubuchwepheshe bontanga kuya kontanga kanye nokungavuthwa kobuchwepheshe obusha.
- Onjiniyela bakhathazeke kakhulu nge-DNS, iphrothokholi yesendlalelo sohlelo lokusebenza i-SMTP, i-XMPP, njll., kanye ne-HTTP.
- Awekho amamodeli ebhizinisi ku-ecosystem ye-DWeb okwamanje; ngaphezu kwengxenye yamaphrojekthi ayinayo imodeli yokwenza imali.
- IPFS kanye ne-Ethereum bangabaholi phakathi kobuchwepheshe obuyinhloko abaphendulayo ababusebenzisayo ukuze benze izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-DWeb.
- Intshisekelo ku-DWeb phakathi kwabathuthukisi iphezulu, kodwa indlela eya ekusetshenzisweni kwayo inameva: ingqalasizinda isencane futhi idinga ukuthuthukiswa, futhi abasebenzisi badinga ukuqeqeshwa ngezinzuzo zokusebenzisa i-DWeb uma kuqhathaniswa nozakwabo abaphakathi nendawo.
- Kodwa-ke, ithuba lokuhlukaniswa kwewebhu liyabonakala, futhi uma ubhubhane lwamanje lwe-COVID-19 luzoba nomthelela omuhle, kungaba ukuqwashisa ngobuningi bokuthuthela ezinsizeni ezisabalalise.
Okuqukethwe
3.1
3.2
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
5.1
5.2
5.3
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
Umehluko phakathi kwe-Web 3.0 ne-DWeb
Ngesikhathi socwaningo lobuchwepheshe be-DWeb, siqondiswe ukuhluka okuningana ekubonweni kobuchwepheshe bewebhu obusabalalisiwe uma kuqhathaniswa neWebhu 3.0. Ikakhulukazi, indlela onjiniyela nabasekeli bomphakathi abalichaza ngayo ikusasa lamagama amabili angacacile.
Izimpendulo zenhlolovo zibonisa ukuthi kunokugqagqana okubalulekile ezinhlosweni kanye nemibono iyonke ye-DWeb kanye ne-Web 3.0.
I-Web 3.0, eqhutshwa kakhulu umphakathi we-blockchain, igcizelela ukuthuthukiswa kwezentengiselwano - ezezimali, i-e-commerce, i-AI kanye nedatha enkulu yezinkampani. Abasekeli be-DWeb (njenge-IPFS kanye Nengobo Yomlando Ye-Inthanethi), ngokuphambene, bagxile kakhulu embonweni wokwahlukaniswa kwezindawo: ubukhosi bedatha, ukuphepha, ubumfihlo kanye nokumelana nokucwaninga. Amaphrojekthi e-DWeb ahlanganisa uhla olubanzi lokuqanjwa kabusha kwezobuchwepheshe kune-Web 3.0.
Sekukonke, imibono emibili yokuphindaphinda okulandelayo kwenethiwekhi ayihambisani futhi ingase empeleni iphelelisane.
Mayelana nokuzulazula ocwaningweni, kungcono kakhulu ukugxila emibonweni yabasekeli be-DWeb nokuthi lezi ntuthuko (isb., i-P2P, isitoreji esimisiwe, ubumfihlo bedatha) izobumba ingqalasizinda yewebhu yesikhathi esizayo.
Abahlanganyeli bocwaningo
Lolu cwaningo belubandakanya ucwaningo olwaphothulwa abaphenduli abangama-631, abangama-231 kubo basebenza ngokuzimisela kumaphrojekthi ahlobene ne-DWeb.
1. Siyini isizinda sakho?
Inhlolovo ibinemibuzo engama-38. Ukusatshalaliswa kwephesenti ezimpendulweni kusekelwe ekukhetheni okungakhawulelwe kwezimpendulo ngabaphenduli - ezimweni eziningi inani lokuphendula eliphelele lizoba ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-100.
Isampula yocwaningo igxile kakhulu kubathuthukisi nonjiniyela abasebenza kumaphrojekthi ahlobene ne-DWeb. Besingaqondile ngokuqondile onjiniyela be-blockchain, ngakho-ke benza iphesenti elincane labo bonke abaphendulayo.
Kulabo abafuna ukubona idatha eluhlaza, sishicilele imiphumela eluhlaza engaziwa.
Iwebhu Yamanje
Iwebhu njengoba sazi ukuthi iye yavela kule minyaka engamashumi amabili edlule. Ulwazi lutholakala ngokushesha futhi mahhala. Izicelo ezinamandla zakhiwe phezu kwengqalasizinda ekhona. Yonke imboni yekhompuyutha yamafu egxile kusevisi iyachuma. Umhlaba wonke uxhumeke ngokuxhumana okusheshayo.
Kodwa-ke, iwebhu yamanje yenze ukuyekethisa okuthile ngemuva kwezigcawu. I-inthanethi ithuthuka njalo ngomzuzwana, idonsa idatha eyengeziwe, ikhulisa futhi ihlanganise amandla. Ngenxa yalokho, abasebenzisi baba insiza futhi ubumfihlo babo buthatha indawo engemuva, ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa ekukhiqizeni imali yokukhangisa.
Kulesi sigaba, sihlola imibono yabahlanganyeli bocwaningo nokucatshangelwa kwemibono nobuchwepheshe mayelana nesakhiwo Sewebhu yamanje.
Izindawo ezisengozini kakhulu zewebhu yamanje
Umbono ojwayelekile mayelana nesimo senethiwekhi yamanje usekelwe kakhulu ekubeni sengozini okubonisiwe. Okokuqala, zisuka enkingeni evamile - ukugcinwa kwedatha endaweni eyodwa. Umphumela uba imiphumela engemihle esukela ekuvuzeni kwedatha okukhulu kuya kumalever okucwaninga okuvela ku-FAANG nakohulumeni.
2. Yisho izinkinga ezinkulu kuwebhu yamanje
Uma uthi nhlá, izinto eziningi ezibaluleke kakhulu zingase zibonakale ziqhutshwa umbono futhi zikhawulelwe imibono yabagqugquzeli bobumfihlo. Kodwa-ke, isizukulwane esincane, izethameli eziyinhloko zabasebenzisi benethiwekhi, ngokuya ziba nemibuzo. Bakhathele ukukhangisa okuphazamisayo, ukuvuza kwedatha, nokuntuleka okuvamile kokulawula idatha noma ubumfihlo.
- Engqikithini yenani labaphendulile, ukukhathazeka okukhulu kudalwe ukuvuza okukhulu kwedatha yomuntu siqu, njengoba kwakunjalo ngo и - ngokusho kwama-68,5% abaphendulile.
- Imikhawulo yokucwaninga nokufinyelela ebekwe yizo zombili izikhondlakhondla zezobuchwepheshe kanye nohulumeni zikleliswe endaweni yesibili neyesithathu, ngokuya ngama-66% nama-65% abaphendulile.
- Ukukhangisa kusetshenziswa idatha yomuntu siqu - 61%
- Idatha yomsebenzisi evela kuzinhlelo zokusebenza - 53%
Kuyathakazelisa ukuqaphela ukuthi ububanzi bemibono bubonisa ukungathandi okunamandla kwepharadigm yewebhu yamanje, ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa endleleni iwebhu eyenza ngayo imali njengamanje.
Akunandaba ukuthi imiphumela yesikhathi eside yokwenza imali ngezikhangiso (njengokulawulwa kwedatha okumaphakathi kanye nokungena kobumfihlo) iyingozi—abaphendulayo abanelisekile ngomphumela.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaphendulile bazwakalise ukungahambisani nezinhlelo ezivaliwe. Okuphazamisa kakhulu ukuvalwa kwemikhiqizo noma ukuntuleka kokulawula komsebenzisi kudatha yabo. Abasebenzisi banokulawula okuncane kokuthi yikuphi okuqukethwe abakubona kokuphakelayo, idatha, noma ukuzulazula kumasistimu avaliwe. Kudingeka kutholwe amazinga afinyeleleka kalula futhi asebenziseka kalula.
3. Yini okufanele ilungiswe kuwebhu yamanje kuqala?
Izimpendulo ngandlela-thile zihambisana nokuphawula mayelana nezindawo ezisengozini kakhulu.
- Ubukhosi bedatha yibo obuphumelele ngokusobala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, u-75,5% wabaphenduli babonise ukuthi ukubuyisela ukulawula idatha kumsebenzisi kubaluleke kakhulu.
- Ukugcinwa kuyimfihlo kwedatha - 59%
- Ukuqiniswa kwezobuchwepheshe ezenzakalweni eziphazamisayo noma izinhlekelele (isibonelo, esimweni se-Cloudflare) - 56%
- Ukuphepha, ikakhulukazi ukusetshenziswa okubanzi kwamasiginesha e-cryptographic ezinhlelweni zokusebenza - 51%
- Ukungaziwa kwenethiwekhi - 42%
Ngokusobala kunokunganeliseki okukhulayo ngamaqoqo edatha amaphakathi kanye namandla ezinkampani ze-FAANG. Ukuvela ngokushesha kwamathuluzi afana ne-cryptography kunikeza ithemba lokunqoba ukuzimela kwedatha kanye nomphumela wokuhlukunyezwa kobumfihlo. Ngakho-ke, abaphendulayo bancamela ukusuka kumodeli yokuthembana baye komunye umuntu.
Amaphrothokholi ewebhu
4. Yini okudingeka yengezwe noma ishintshwe kumaphrothokholi akhona?
Izimpendulo zalo mbuzo zahlukahluka kakhulu ngemibono.
- Isendlalelo esakhelwe ngaphakathi sedatha yomuntu siqu - 44%
- Ukuqinisekiswa komsebenzisi owakhelwe ngaphakathi - 42%
- Ukusebenza okungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi ngokuzenzakalelayo - 42%
- Isendlalelo esakhelwe kontanga-kuya-ntanga - 37%
- Ezinye izimpendulo, ezifana nokuhlonza okuzimele kwenkundla nokuqinisekiswa komsebenzisi - 37% - zingafakwa eqenjini ngaphansi kwesendlalelo esibanzi sedatha yomuntu siqu.
Kumazwana angeziwe, abaphendulile baveze ukuntula kwamazinga kanye nobunkimbinkimbi bokuqamba njengezinselele ezinkulu emikhawulweni yezivumelwano ezikhona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanye onjiniyela baphinde baveza ukuntuleka kwamamodeli wokukhuthaza abasebenzisi akhelwe kumaphrothokholi. Ukuthi ugqugquzela kanjani abantu ukuthi basebenzise izinsiza ze-DWeb kungabaluleka kakhulu ekubaheheni ukuthi bavule amaphrothokholi ewebhu.
5. Yiziphi izimiso ezikhona ze-inthanethi ezidinga ukuklanywa kabusha?
Ngenkathi becubungula eminye imininingwane yobuchwepheshe, ababambiqhaza bavumelene ngamaphrothokholi athile adinga ukuklanywa kabusha. Ngokwesibonelo lokhu:
- Izivumelwano Zesendlalelo Sokubhekana Nensiza (DNS) - 52%
- Izivumelwano zokuxhumana (SMTP, XMPP, IRC) - 38%
- I-HTTP - 29%
Okunye okuphawuleka kakhulu okutholwe kwakuyisidingo sesendlalelo sezokuthutha esivikeleke kakhudlwana, okungukuthi ukusihlomisa ngokuvikeleka kwedatha, ukuphathwa kwamalungelo edijithali, ngisho nokwethula i-Tor ongqimbeni lwezokuthutha.
Kodwa-ke, abanye ababambiqhaza bayakungabaza mayelana nendlela yokwehlukaniswa kwabantu. Isizathu siyisidingo sokuthuthukiswa okwengeziwe kwehadiwe ethuthukisiwe yamaphrothokholi ahlukaniswe. Ngokombono wabo, kungcono ukumane ungezelele izivumelwano ezikhona kunokuba uziguqule ngokuphelele.
I-DWeb
Umqondo wokwahlukanisa
6. Usho ukuthini u-“D” ku-Dweb?
Uhlamvu “D” ku-DWeb lumele ukwahlukaniswa, okungukuthi, uhlobo oluthile lohlelo olusabalalisiwe noma olusabalalisiwe. Ayikho incazelo ecacile yesistimu enjalo, kodwa ekusebenzeni ingaba ukunyakaza okuguquguqukayo kusuka kumodeli ephakathi nendawo yenethiwekhi yamanje kuya kweyokuhlukaniswa. Nokho, ukunyakaza okunjalo akukona umugqa futhi kubhekana nobunzima obuthile.
Lesi sigaba socwaningo siveza imisebenzi namathemba okusebenzisa umqondo we-DWeb.
Njengoba abaphenduli bephawula, umnyakazo obheke ku-DWeb uthambekele ekucabangeni.
- Iningi liqonda i-DWeb njengenethiwekhi ehlukaniswe ngokwezakhiwo, lapho kungekho khona iphuzu elilodwa lokwehluleka noma ukuqoqwa kwedatha - 82%,
- U-64% wabahlanganyeli babona i-Dweb njengenethiwekhi engalawuleki kwezombusazwe,
- I-39% iphawula ukuthi i-logic yenethiwekhi kufanele ihlukaniswe,
- U-37% wabaphenduli babonise ukuthi inethiwekhi kufanele "isatshalaliswe" noma "isabalaliswe" ngokuya ngesimiso sokuthi "ungathembi, uqinisekise", lapho yonke into iqinisekiswa khona.
Abaphenduli banethemba elikhulu nge-DWeb njengokwakhiwa kwemibono. Kufanele kube ngaphezu kwenethiwekhi entsha yobuchwepheshe. Kufanele kube ithuluzi elikhuthaza indawo yokusebenzisana ku-inthanethi. Ukusetshenziswa okukhulu komthombo ovulekile kungaholela ekukhuleni okuthuthukisiwe kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezingokwezifiso ezinamandla kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinkampani kanye nabasebenzisi bewebhu abajwayelekile bangasebenzisa inani elikhulu lezinsiza ebezihlukaniswe yizinkampani ngaphambilini.
I-DWeb Values kanye Nomgomo
Njengoba siphawulile ekuqaleni, i-DWeb egxile kuyo, ngokusho kwabaphenduli, ihlobene ngokuyinhloko nobukhosi bedatha, ukumelana nokucwaninga / ukungasasebenzi, kanye nobumfihlo. Izimpendulo ezisele zisebenza njengezengezo kulokho okugxilwe kukho okuyinhloko ngendlela eyodwa noma enye.
7. Yiziphi izinguquko ezinkulu ocabanga ukuthi i-DWeb ingayiletha?
- Ukubuyisela emuva ukulawula idatha yomuntu siqu - 75%
- Ukwehluleka ukuphazamisa noma ukucacisa okuqukethwe - 55%
- Akukho ukulandelwa komsebenzisi noma ukubhekwa - 50%
Imibono yabaphenduli ngokungangabazeki ifuna ukuvelela. Kodwa yilokhu okufunwa yingqalasizinda entsha ye-DWeb, futhi njengoba sizobona, kunenani lezinguquko zobuchwepheshe ezisekela le nhlangano.
8. Yini enhle ngobuchwepheshe be-DWeb uma buqhathaniswa neWebhu evamile?
Izimpendulo zalo mbuzo zincike kakhulu "kumanani nakunjongo," futhi zikhombisa isimo se-DWeb esiqhutshwa yimibono.
- Ukuphepha - 43%
- Umphakathi nokusekelwa - 31%
- Ukuhambisana - 31%
- I-Scalability - 30%
Ukuthuthukiswa kwesicelo esingaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi/sendawo, ukubambezeleka okuphansi kanye nokubekezelela amaphutha okuphezulu kubalulwe njengezinzuzo eziyinhloko zobuchwepheshe ze-DWeb kumazwana.
Izinkinga zobuchwepheshe
9. Yibuphi ubuchwepheshe obungaba negalelo ekusetshenzisweni ngobuningi kwe-DWeb?
Izimpendulo zenhlolovo kulesi sigaba ziveze imibono yabahlanganyeli ngobuchwepheshe obuzosiza ukungenisa iwebhu entsha.
- Izivumelwano zokuxhumana ze-p2p - 55%
- Isitoreji Esisekelwe Ekhelini - 54,5%
- Ukwabelana ngefayela le-P2P - 51%
- I-DNS emisiwe - 47%
- Amanethiwekhi agxile kubumfihlo - 46%
10. Uke wazama ukwenza izicelo ngobuchwepheshe be-DWeb? Yiziphi ngempela?
- IPFS - 36%
- I-Ethereum - 25%
- Usuku - 14%
- I-Libp2p -12%
I-IPFS kanye ne-Ethereum ikakhulukazi iphakathi kwamaphrojekthi omthombo ovulekile akhula ngokushesha azo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-DWeb namaphrothokholi.
Abathuthukisi baphinde basho inqwaba yamaphrojekthi, okuhlanganisa iWebTorrent, Freenet, Textile, Holochain, 3Box, Embark, Radicle, Matrix, Urbit, Tor, BitTorrent, Statebus / Braid, Peerlinks, BitMessage, Yjs, WebRTC, Hyperledger Fabric nabanye abaningi. .
11. Yini ekudumaza kakhulu ngobuchwepheshe be-DWeb?
Okufana neyethu ngonyaka odlule , ukukhungatheka okuningi okubaliwe kwakungenxa yokuntuleka kwemibhalo. Sibona into efanayo ngobuchwepheshe be-DWeb.
- Ikakhulukazi, ukudumala okukhulu ukuntuleka kwemibhalo, okokufundisa, amavidiyo nezinye izinsiza zemfundo zabathuthukisi - 44%
- Kuphinde kube nenkinga yokuqonda ukuthi ungabusebenzisa kuphi futhi kanjani ubuchwepheshe be-Dweb ekusebenzeni - 42%
- Ubunzima bokuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe nomunye nomunye - 40%
- Izinkinga zokukala ubuchwepheshe obusabalalisiwe - 21%
Ukuthi eminingi yale mikhawulo ifane nemiphumela yangonyaka odlule yezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-blockchain ngokuvamile ingabangelwa ukuntula ukulungela ubuchwepheshe obusha.
Ukuntuleka kwezinsizakalo, ukungahambisani kwesevisi, ukuhlukaniswa, ukuntuleka kwemibhalo, kanye nemithethonqubo eminingi ehlukaniselwe amazwe ongakhetha kukho ngenkathi isathuthukiswa nakho bekuphakathi kwezici ezikhungathekisa kakhulu ezishiwo ngabaphenduli.
12. Yisho izinkinga zobuchwepheshe ezinzima kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni usebenzisa i-P2P
Izimpendulo zombuzo mayelana nobunzima be-DWeb zigxile ezinkingeni ezithile ekusebenziseni amaphrojekthi we-p2p. Siphinde sibone ubunzima okukhulunywe ngabo ngaphambili.
- Izinkinga zokukala - 34%
- Ukuzinza kokuxhumana phakathi kontanga kunethiwekhi - 31%
- Ukukhiqiza - 25%
* * *
Ingxenye elandelayo izoba wusizo konjiniyela abathanda izinselele ezithile ku-ecosystem ye-DWeb. Ezinye zezinselelo ze-Dweb zifaka phakathi ubunkimbinkimbi bobuchwepheshe, njengokwakheka kwe-P2P okugqinsiwe.
I-DWeb ngokusobala inenkinga yokugqugquzela abasebenzisi. Ezinye izinkinga ezingaxazululiwe zihlobene nezinkinga zokubhaliswa kwabasebenzisi, ukubambezeleka kwenethiwekhi, ukutholwa kontanga, izindleko zokuhlola inethiwekhi, nezinkinga zokuvumelanisa idatha.
Ukwengeza, kunobunzima obuthile bokungahambisani kohlelo nesiphequluli, ukungazinzi kwenethiwekhi, ukuphathwa kobunikazi bomsebenzisi kanye nezibalo.
Ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-DWeb esikhathini esizayo
13. Mangakanani amathuba okuthi usebenzise ubuchwepheshe be-DWeb kuphrojekthi yakho elandelayo?
Abaphenduli asebevele basebenza kumaphrojekthi we-DWeb bazwakalise isifiso esikhulu sokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-DWeb kuphrojekthi yabo elandelayo. Ngokuphambene, abathuthukisi ababethanda nje ubuchwepheshe be-DWeb babonise ukukhetha okuphansi kokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-DWeb kuphrojekthi yabo elandelayo.
Mhlawumbe onjiniyela abanentshisekelo balindele ukuthi ubuchwepheshe buvuthwe kancane ngaphambi kokuthi baqale ukubusebenzisa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abathuthukisi asebevele besebenza ne-DWeb abafuni ukulahlekelwa isikhathi sabo, umzamo kanye negalelo kumbono wonke, futhi bazoqhubeka nokusebenza ne-DWeb ngekusasa elibonakalayo.
Ukuqaliswa kwe-DWeb
14. Yisho izithiyo ezinzima kakhulu endleleni eya ku-DWeb
Naphezu kwezinselelo zobuchwepheshe ezibhekene nokukhula okuqhubekayo kwe-DWeb, akuzona isithiyo esikhulu - inkinga abasebenzisi.
- Abasebenzisi abazi ngokwanele ukuthi iyini i-DWeb nezinzuzo zayo - 70%
- Ukungatholakali kobuchwepheshe obusha - 49%
- Ukumelana ne-FAANG - 42%
- Ukuntuleka kwamamodeli ebhizinisi amaphrojekthi e-DWeb - 38%
- Ukuntuleka kokudidiyelwa kobuchwepheshe obuhlukaniselwe amazwe neziphequluli zewebhu - 37%
Kubonakala sengathi amamodeli ebhizinisi aqhutshwa yidatha eyodwa kanye nesakhiwo samanje senethiwekhi sizophumelela kuze kube yilapho ukuqwashisa okubanzi komsebenzisi kufinyelela endaweni yokuphothula futhi amaphrojekthi e-DWeb athola izindlela ezisebenzayo zokwenza imali.
15. Yini ngempela evimbela ukwamukelwa ngobuningi kohlelo lwakho lwe-DWeb/iphrothokholi?
- Ukungalungeli kwephrojekthi - 59%
- Ubunzima bokufundisa/ukuchazela abasebenzisi abasha ukuthi i-DWeb isebenza kanjani - 35,5%
- Inani elincane ngokuqhathaniswa labasebenzisi be-DWeb - 24%
Ukuqwashisa komsebenzisi ngobuchwepheshe obuhlukaniselwe amazwe kuyadingeka ukuze bususwe kumbono omaphakathi, wendabuko obusa iwebhu namuhla. Kanye nezinzuzo ze-UX/UI zezinhlelo ezimaphakathi, umbono we-DWeb uletha izici eziningi ezinhle kubasebenzisi. Kuze kube manje, ukuqonda futhi ikakhulukazi ukusebenzisa kunzima kakhulu kumsebenzisi ojwayelekile ngaphandle kwesizinda sobuchwepheshe. Ukwethula izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ze-p2p kuhlukile ekuqaliseni izinhlelo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile.
Izinsizakalo ze-DWeb okwamanje cishe azikwazi ukusetshenziswa ezipheqululini zendabuko. Futhi zisekhona izinsiza ezimbalwa ze-DWeb ongazisebenzisa nsuku zonke. Konke lokhu kuphakathi kwezithiyo abasebenzisi abasha bewebhu ehlukanisiwe ababhekana nazo.
Indima yeBlockchain
Ubuchwepheshe beBlockchain babuseqophelweni eliphezulu lokuthandwa kwabo ngesikhathi kwethulwa i-ICO enkulu ekupheleni kuka-2017. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, abathuthukisi nezinkampani bebelokhu bexhumana nezinsizakalo ezihlukahlukene ze-blockchain ngamazinga ahlukahlukene okuphumelela.
Izimpendulo zahlukaniswa phakathi kwalabo abasekela i-Bitcoin kanye nemboni yayo ye-cryptocurrency ehambisana nayo, nalabo abangakholelwa ukuthi i-blockchain ingaba yisixazululo kuzo zonke izinkinga. Imibono mayelana ne-blockchain iyahluka kakhulu, ikakhulukazi mayelana nokusebenza kwayo kanye nokubi uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlelo ezimaphakathi.
Imiphumela ikhombisa ukungabaza okukhulayo phakathi konjiniyela mayelana nezinzuzo nezinkinga zokusebenzisa i-blockchain. Esikhundleni sokuzama ukwakha yonke into ku-blockchain futhi bathi iyi-panacea yezinkinga zomhlaba, abaphendulayo banesithakazelo ekusetshenzisweni kwayo esikhathini esizayo.
16. Ucabangani ngendima ye-blockchain?
- I-Blockchain ayisona isisombululo kuzo zonke izinkinga - 58%
- I-Blockchain ilungele imali yedijithali nezinkokhelo - 54%
- I-Blockchain ilungele ama-ID amisiwe - 36%
- Ukusebenziseka kwe-blockchain ezinhlobonhlobo zemisebenzi ye-DWeb - 33%
- I-Blockchain ingasetshenziswa kwisitifiketi sedijithali - 31%
- Ubuchwepheshe be-Blockchain "bungukumosha isikhathi" - 14%
Amaphrojekthi we-DWeb
Izinhlobo zamaphrojekthi
Abaphenduli abasebenza kumaphrojekthi ahlukahlukene e-DWeb bahlakazeke ngokwezindawo emhlabeni jikelele, futhi basebenza kumaphrojekthi angaziwa nadume kakhulu kulo mkhakha. Amanye amaphrojekthi aziwa kakhulu ahlanganisa i-IPFS, i-Dat ne-OrbitDB, namancane ahlanganisa i-Lokinet, i-Radicle, i-Textile, namanye.
17. Izinhlobo zamaphrojekthi we-DWeb
Izinhlobo zamaphrojekthi we-DWeb zahluka kakhulu. Sibafingqe ngamaqoqo kuye ngezinhloso zabo. Nazi izikhombisi-ndlela ezidume kakhulu lapho abaphenduli banikeza izintandokazi zabo zemibono:
- Izindawo zokugcina idatha nokushintshisana - 27
- Izingosi zokuxhumana - 17
- Ezezimali - 16
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ukucwaninga kwenkundla yezokuxhumana kanye nekhono elilinganiselwe lokwabelana ngedatha ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ingqalasizinda ye-FAANG kucashunwe njengezinye zezinkinga ezicindezela kakhulu ngewebhu yamanje.
Ukwengeza, ukuguqulwa kwezimali okubonakaliswe esimweni sokusetshenziswa esiwusizo kakhulu se-DeFi ku-Ethereum ukuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe be-blockchain kanye nezivumelwano ze-DWeb P2P.
Izinhlobo zamaphrojekthi we-DWeb zibonisa ngokunembile izimiso zemibono zabahlanganyeli bocwaningo. Bakhombisa ukuthi amaphrojekthi asebenza ezinkingeni zomhlaba wangempela kunezinkundla zobuchwepheshe ezicatshangelwayo.
18. Wenzani - umthetho olandelwayo noma isicelo?
Kubo bonke ababambiqhaza ocwaningweni, abantu abangama-231 baveze ukuthi basebenza kulo msebenzi.
- Ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokusebenza zabasebenzisi bokugcina - 49%
- Ukusebenza kwingqalasizinda noma izivumelwano zonjiniyela - 44%
Ukugqugquzela
19. Kungani ukhethe i-P2P ngaphezu kwesakhiwo esimaphakathi sephrojekthi yakho?
Abathuthukisi bake baphawula ngaphambilini inkolelo ethandwayo yokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-DWeb kanye ne-P2P. Embuzweni wokuthi kungani bekhetha ubuchwepheshe be-peer-to-peer,
- Iningi lisekelwe kumanani ayisisekelo emibono - 72%
- Ukhethe i-DWeb ngezizathu zobuchwepheshe - 58%
Ngokusekelwe kumazwana nezimpendulo zeminye imibuzo, umphumela wesibili ubonakala uhlobene nezinzuzo zobuchwepheshe ezisekela amanani e-Dweb. Okungukuthi, inethiwekhi ye-P2P engavimbeli, isitoreji esabalalisiwe nokunye ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe be-P2P.
Isimo sephrojekthi neqembu
20. Ikusiphi isigaba iphrojekthi yakho?
- Isathuthukiswa - 51%
- Kwethulwe - 29%
- Esigabeni sombono/somqondo - 15%
- Ukwezinye izigaba zokuthuthuka - 5%
21. Usebenza isikhathi esingakanani kuphrojekthi yakho?
Uma sikhuluma nje, amaphrojekthi amaningi e-DWeb masha uma kuqhathaniswa nozakwabo bewebhu abaphakathi nendawo.
- Sebenza kuphela iminyaka engu-1 - 2 - 31,5%
- Ikhona iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-3 - 21%
- Sebenza ngaphansi konyaka ongu-1 - 17%
22. Bangaki abantu abasebenza kuphrojekthi yakho?
Osayizi beqembu bayahluka phakathi kwamabanga amancane.
- Kusuka kubantu ababili kuya kwabahlanu - 35%
- Ukusebenza wedwa - 34%
- Abathuthukisi abangaphezu kwe-10 eqenjini (imvamisa amaphrojekthi aziwayo njenge-IPFS) - 21%
- Ithimba lonjiniyela abangu-6 kuya kwabangu-10 - 10%
Технические характеристики
Mayelana nokunikeza amalayisense amaphrojekthi e-DWeb yomthombo ovulekile, abathuthukisi bakhetha amalayisense ahambisana nobuchwepheshe bendabuko.
23. Iyiphi ilayisensi oyikhethele iphrojekthi yakho?
- I-MIT - 42%
- I-AGPL 3.0 - 21%
- I-Apache 2.0 - 16,5%
- Isinqumo mayelana nokunikezwa kwelayisensi asikathathwa - 18,5%
- Unganikeli amakhodi abo - 10%
24. Inqwaba yephrojekthi yakho?
Isitaki sephrojekthi siyinhlanganisela yobuchwepheshe obusetshenziswa kakhulu abangaphambili, abangemuva kanye nobuchwepheshe be-DWeb.
I-frontend imelelwa ikakhulukazi:
- Ukusabela - 20
- I-Typescript - 13
- I-Angular - 8
- I-electron - 6
Ngokwe-backend, abaphendulayo ikakhulukazi basebenzisa:
- GO - 25
- I-Node.js - 33
- Ukugqwala - 24
- I-Python - 18
Sekukonke, okukhethiwe kubonisa amathrendi ajwayelekile ekuthuthukisweni komthombo ovulekile, njengombiko we-Github's State of Octoverse.
Abaholi kubuchwepheshe be-DWeb yilaba:
- IPFS - 32
- Ethereum - 30
- libp2p - 14
- I-DAT - 10
Amamodeli ebhizinisi kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali
25. Iyini imodeli yebhizinisi yephrojekthi yakho?
Amamodeli ebhizinisi ku-DWeb akhonjwe njengenye yezinselelo ezinkulu ezibhekene nonjiniyela. Kunzima ukukhipha inani kumaphrothokholi avulekile anganamatheli ezinhlelweni zokwenza imali zedatha eyodwa.
- Ayikho imodeli yokukhiqiza imali ngephrojekthi yakho - 30%
- Ngizocabanga ngakho kamuva - 22,5%
- Imodeli ye-“Freemium” - 15%
- Umkhiqizo we-DWeb okhokhelwayo - 15%
Eminye yemibono yomqondo yokwenza imali isala ibhakwe ukuze isetshenziswe ku-DWeb. Isibonelo, i-SaaS nokulayisensa kukhulunywe izikhathi eziningana kumazwana. I-Staking kanye nokubusa kuma-blockchains kuye kwashiwo kumaphrojekthi amaningana. Yize benamandla, basesesigabeni sokuqala futhi abakakulungeli ukutholwa abantu abaningi.
Ukuxhasa ngezimali
Ukutshalwa kwezimali kungaba okubalulekile ekuguquleni umbono ube iphrojekthi esebenzayo.
26. Zatholwa kanjani izimali zokuqala ezitshaliwe zephrojekthi yakho?
- Iphrojekthi ye-DWeb ixhaswe umsunguli wayo - 53%
- Kutholwe ukutshalwa kwezimali okuvela kuma-venture funds noma ezingelosini zebhizinisi - 19%
- Izibonelelo ezitholiwe - 15%
- Inani lokuthengiswa kwamathokheni kanye nama-ICO liye lancishiswa kakhulu kusukela ngo-2017, futhi lenza ingxenye encane yawo wonke amaphrojekthi - 10%
Abahlanganyeli bocwaningo abazange babe namahloni okuveza ukukhungatheka kwabo ngobunzima bokuthola utshalomali lwe-DWeb.
Izithameli zephrojekthi
27. Izithameli zanyanga zonke zephrojekthi yakho
Inkinga yokuheha nokuqeqesha abasebenzisi ithinta inani labasebenzisi bemiklamo ye-DWeb. Inani liyahlukahluka kakhulu, phansi uma liqhathaniswa nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezimaphakathi.
- Awukawuthuli umkhiqizo okwamanje – 35%
- Ngaphansi kwabasebenzisi abayi-100 ngenyanga - 21%
- Abanalo ithuba lokuhlola izethameli zabo - 10,5%
- Abazi inani labasebenzisi - 10%
- Kusukela kubasebenzisi abayi-100 kuye kwabangu-1K - 9%
Isiphetho neziphetho
- Umqondo we-“DWeb” phakathi kwabasekeli bawo uqhutshwa kakhulu yikho kokubili i-semantics kanye nemigomo ebanzi yokwahlukaniswa kwezindawo: ubukhosi bedatha, ubumfihlo, ukulwa nokucwaninga, kanye nezinguquko eziza nazo. Ngokusobala, konke lokhu kuyi-leitmotif eyinhloko kanye nephuzu lokukhula kwe-Dweb.
- Amaphrojekthi amaningi nabaphenduli abanentshisekelo basekela amanani emibono ye-DWeb. Amanani asukela ekucindezeleni ukubhekwa kukahulumeni kwabasebenzisi kuye ekuvimbeni ama-tech giants ekusebenziseni kabi idatha yabasebenzisi.
- Onjiniyela bajabulile nge-DWeb, kodwa ukwamukelwa okusabalele kobuchwepheshe be-DWeb kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza kusasebenza kahle kakhulu. Ulwazi lunomkhawulo, futhi izindaba zobukhosi kanye nobumfihlo bedatha azikadluliswa ngokwanele emphakathini. Onjiniyela babhekana nezithiyo eziningi, kusukela ekuntulekeni kwemibhalo namathuluzi ukuya ekungasebenzini kobuchwepheshe be-DWeb nengqalasizinda ekhona.
- Abasebenzisi abaningi abajwayelekile bavame ukuvumelana nesisekelo se-DWeb. Nokho, ukulinganiselwa kobuchwepheshe kubakhinyabeza onjiniyela. Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingasebenziseki kalula, ngenxa yokusebenza noma inkimbinkimbi, isibonelo, zivimbela ukusetshenziswa okubanzi kobuchwepheshe be-DWeb.
- Ohulumeni nezinkampani ezinkulu zobuchwepheshe babonise ukumelana okukhulu nokwanda kobuchwepheshe obuhlukaniselwe amazwe, kungaba ngokwezezimali, ubumfihlo bedatha, noma ukumelana nokucwaninga. Amafemu amakhulu ezobuchwepheshe ngeke akwazi ukuyeka kalula ukulawula inani elikhulu ledatha yabasebenzisi abayiphethe. Kodwa-ke, ubuchwepheshe be-DWeb bungase buwasuse. Isisekelo sibekiwe, futhi kufanele silandelwe ukunyakaza okuqinile kwenqwaba. Manje sekumayelana nokwakha ingqalasizinda yobuchwepheshe, ukuhlinzeka ngezinto zokufunda ezengeziwe konjiniyela kanye nabasebenzisi bewebhu abajwayelekile.
- Ukwenza imali nokuxhasa ngezimali yizinkinga ezibalulekile kubuchwepheshe be-DWeb okwamanje. Ukufinyelela ezezimali ngokungangabazeki kuzoba ngcono uma ubhubhane seluphelile. Noma kunjalo, amaphrojekthi e-DWeb adinga ukuthola izindlela ezintsha zokwandisa amandla abo ezezimali, ngaphezu kwezimali eziyinhloko noma ukutshalwa kwezimali okuvela ezingelosini zebhizinisi. Iziqhwaga zezobuchwepheshe ezisesimweni sama-FAANG ziyabambelela futhi zikhombisa ukuthanda ukukhinyabeza ukuncintisana. Ngaphandle kwamamodeli anele okwenza imali, amaphrojekthi e-DWeb azozabalaza ngokungapheli ukuze afaneleke futhi ahehe kubantu abaningi.
Umbono we-DWeb uwukuphazamisa amamodeli amaningi amaphakathi, njengemodeli yedatha yeklayenti-neseva kanye nemodeli yebhizinisi esekwe ekukhangiseni, futhi adale kabusha ahlukaniselwe phansi kusukela phansi, okuyisifiso esikhulu.
Ubuchwepheshe be-DWeb budala intshisekelo ejulile futhi bukhula ngokushesha. Amaphrojekthi avelele afana ne-Ethereum ne-IPFS asevele enenani elikhulu labasekeli. Kodwa-ke, inani labasebenzisi nokwamukelwa kwamaphrojekthi amancane liyehla ngenxa yokuqoqwa kwemakethe yiziqhwaga zobuchwepheshe bendabuko. Ukuze la maphrojekthi athuthuke ngokuqhubekayo, ingqalasizinda iyadingeka. Isibonelo, amathuluzi onjiniyela kanye nemibhalo esekelwayo, kanye nezinsimbi zokuheha umsebenzisi wewebhu ojwayelekile ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ze-DWeb.
Inani labasebenzisi ku-crypto, blockchain kanye ne-DWeb lincane kakhulu uma liqhathaniswa nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, intuthuko eminingi eminyakeni embalwa ezayo ingaba yinhle ekukhuleni kwe-DWeb. Lokhu kuthonywa yizinto ezilandelayo:
- Ukukhula kokuqwashisa ngesidingo samazinga aphezulu obumfihlo kulandela ukudalulwa kokugadwa kukahulumeni, ukwephulwa kwemithetho ebucayi kanye nokwephulwa okukhulu kwedatha yabathengi. Abasebenzisi bafuna ukulawula idatha yabo. Ubumfihlo bedijithali manje budingeka kakhulu. I-DWeb izokwazi ukukhombisa abasebenzisi izixazululo ezisebenzayo.
- Inqubomgomo engaqinisekile yezomnotho nezezimali phakathi nalolu bhubhane ingase ikhuthaze abaningi ukuthi bahlole ubuchwepheshe be-crypto, futhi ngaleyo ndlela babethule ingxenye ye-DWeb.
- Ukwanda komhlaba wonke kumaphrojekthi wemithombo evulekile, amathuluzi namalayisense kuqongelela umthelela kuzo zonke izimboni ezinkulu, kwehlisa imigoqo ekufinyeleleni nasekuvuleni amandla okuhlukaniswa kwe-inthanethi.
- Iziphequluli zewebhu ezinkulu ezihlanganisa amaphrothokholi e-DWeb (njenge-Opera) neziphequluli ezintsha ezisafufusa (I-Brave) zingenza ukushintshela kubuchwepheshe obuhlukaniselwe indawo kube lula futhi kucishe kungabonakali kubasebenzisi abajwayelekile.
I-inthanethi, naphezu kwemvelaphi yayo ephansi, ehlukaniselwe amazwe, ibilokhu ibheke endaweni eyodwa amashumi eminyaka.
Ukuvela kabusha kobuchwepheshe obuhlukaniselwe amazwe kanye nenhlangano esebenzayo yasemazingeni aphansi ebasekelayo kusinikeze ithemba lokucindezela ukuqhubeka kokufakwa kwe-inthanethi endaweni eyodwa. Ukubuyela ezintweni eziyisisekelo kungasho i-inthanethi ehlukaniswe, evulekile futhi efinyelelekayo, engenakho ukulawula kokubili ohulumeni kanye nama-tech giants.
Lona umbono okufanele ulandelwe, futhi kuyisizathu esenza onjiniyela abaningi kangaka basebenzele lo mgomo namuhla. Izimpendulo ocwaningweni lwethu zembule izithiyo ezimbalwa ezibalulekile ekuboneni i-DWeb echumayo, kodwa amandla akhona angokoqobo.
Siphetha ngokuthi nakuba i-DWeb ngokusobala isezigabeni zayo zakuqala, lokhu akuyivimbeli ekubeni ifaneleke, futhi ifaneleke ngokuphelele, esithombeni sokushintsha okuthandwayo kwabasebenzisi bewebhu besimanje.
Uhlu lwababambe iqhaza ocwaningweni lungabukwa . Abangaziwa nabo bayatholakala . Siyabonga wonke umuntu ngokubamba iqhaza!
Source: www.habr.com