Π sesivele sicabangele umbuzo othi "Ingabe sizosebenzisa i-RAID ku-SSD" sisebenzisa isibonelo se-Kingston drives, kodwa sikwenze kuphela ngaphakathi kwezinga le-zero. Esihlokweni samanje, sizohlaziya izinketho zokusebenzisa izixazululo ze-NVMe ezichwepheshile nezasekhaya ezinhlotsheni ezidume kakhulu zezinhlaka ze-RAID futhi sikhulume ngokuhambisana kwesilawuli. nge-Kingston drives.
Kungani udinga i-RAID ku-SSD?
Izinzuzo zamalungu afanayo esitoreji asekelwe ku-SSD ngaphezu kwamalungu afanayo esitoreji se-HDD ahlanganisa izikhathi zokufinyelela ngokushesha kudatha ekudrayivu kanye nokusebenza okuphakeme kokufunda/ukubhala. Kodwa-ke, ukusebenza okuhle kwe-RAID okusekelwe ku-SSD kudinga inhlanganisela efanele yeprosesa, inqolobane, isofthiwe, nehadiwe. Lapho zonke lezi zici zisebenza ndawonye kahle, i-SSD RAID ingadlula kakhulu ukucushwa okuqhathanisekayo kusetshenziswa ama-HDD avamile.
I-SSD evamile idla amandla amancane kunama-HDD, ngakho-ke uma uhlanganisa inani elikhulu lama-SSD ohlwini lwe-RAID, ukonga amandla uma kuqhathaniswa nohlu lwe-HDD RAID kungahumushela ezindlekweni eziphansi zezikweletu zamandla ezinkampani.
Kodwa-ke, i-SSD RAID inemikhawulo nemibi, ikakhulukazi intengo ephakeme ngegigabhayithi yesikhala uma kuqhathaniswa namadrayivu aqinile anomthamo ofanayo. Futhi isikhathi phakathi kokuhluleka kwenkumbulo ye-flash sikhawulelwe enanini elithile lemijikelezo yokubhala kabusha. Okusho ukuthi, amadrayivu e-SSD anokuphila kwesevisi ethile, okuncike ekusebenzeni: ulwazi olwengeziwe lubhalwa phezu kwalo, idrayivu izohluleka ngokushesha. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-SSD ebhizinisi anesikhathi sokuphila esihloniphekile esiqhathaniswa namadrayivu aqinile emishini.
Ama-Kingston SSD ahlala kanjani kumodi ye-RAID enabalawuli be-Broadcom
Ezinsukwini zokuqala zama-SSD, imiklamo ye-RAID yayinama-nuances amaningi. Kubandakanya ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwama-HDD angamelana namaphutha kancane. Izimo eziqinile zokushayela zithembeke kakhulu kunozakwabo ngokusekelwe kumadiski kazibuthe. Njengoba sazi, azikho izingxenye ezinyakazayo kuzixazululo ze-SSD, ngakho-ke ukulimala komshini kuncishiswa ku-zero. Ukwehluleka kokushayela kwe-solid-state ngenxa yokwanda kwamandla nakho akwenzeki, uma kubhekwa ukuthi ezingeni le-PC yasekhaya nanoma iyiphi iseva, i-UPS, abavikeli abahlinzayo, ngisho nokuhlinzekwa kwamandla kukuvikela.
Ngasikhathi sinye, amadrayivu e-solid-state anenye futhi into ebalulekile: noma ngabe amaseli enkumbulo esegugile ukuze abhale, idatha isengafundwa kuwo, kepha uma idiski kazibuthe yonakalisiwe, maye.
Namuhla, kuwumkhuba ojwayelekile ukusebenzisa izixazululo ze-SSD kuhlelo lwe-RAID lwamazinga ahlukene. Into esemqoka ukukhetha ama-SSD afanele, ukubambezeleka kwawo kuncane. Futhi ngokufanelekile, sebenzisa ama-SSD omkhiqizi ofanayo kanye nemodeli efanayo ukuze ungagcini une-hodgepodge yamadrayivu asekela izinhlobo ezahlukene zemithwalo futhi akhiwe ngesisekelo sezinhlobo ezahlukene zememori, abalawuli kanye nobunye ubuchwepheshe. Okusho ukuthi, uma sinquma ukuthenga ama-NVMe SSD amane noma ayi-16 kwa-Kingston ukuze sakhe uhlu lwe-RAID, kungaba ngcono uma wonke evela ochungechungeni olufanayo nobubanzi bemodeli.
Ngendlela, ku sicaphune abalawuli be-Broadcom ngesizathu lapho sikhuluma nge-NVMe SSD evela eKingston. Iqiniso liwukuthi amabhukwana alawa madivayisi abeka ngokushesha amadrayivu ahambisanayo (kuhlanganise nezixazululo ezivela kumkhiqizi we-SSD waseMelika oshiwo ngenhla), lapho isilawuli sizosebenza ngokungenasici. Lolu lwazi kufanele kuthenjelwe kulo uma kukhethwa inqwaba yesilawuli-SSD ye-RAID.
Sihlaziya umsebenzi we-SSD Kingston ezinhlotsheni ezidume kakhulu ze-RAID - "1", "5", "10", "50"
Ngakho-ke, izinga le-RAID elithi "ziro" alinikezi ukuphindaphinda kwedatha, kodwa linyusa ukusebenza. I-RAID 0 ayinikezi nhlobo ukuvikeleka kwedatha, ngakho-ke ngeke sikucabangele ngaphakathi kwengxenye yebhizinisi. I-RAID 1, ngakolunye uhlangothi, inikeza ukuphindaphindeka okugcwele kodwa izinzuzo zokusebenza ezinesizotha kuphela, futhi kufanele kucatshangelwe uma ukuzuza kokusebenza kungekona ukucatshangelwa okuyinhloko lapho kwakhiwa uhlu lwe-SSD RAID.
I-RAID 1 esekelwe ku-Kingston SSDs nezilawuli ze-Broadcom
Ngakho-ke, uhlu lokuqala lwe-RAID olususelwe kusilawuli se-Broadcom MegaRAID 9460-16i luhlanganisa kusuka kumadrayivu e-Kingston amabili kuya kwangama-32, okungamakhophi omunye komunye, futhi anikeze ukuphindaphindeka okuphelele. Uma uma usebenzisa ama-HDD endabuko, ijubane lokubhala nokufunda idatha lihlala lisezingeni lale HDD kakhulu, bese sisebenzisa izixazululo ze-NVMe SSD sithola ukwanda kokusebenza okuphindwe kashumi. Ikakhulukazi ngokuya kwesikhathi sokufinyelela idatha. Isibonelo, ngama-SSD amabili e-Kingston DC1000M U.2 NVMe kuseva RAID 1, sithola ama-IOPS angu-350 afundwa ngokungahleliwe kanye nama-IOPS angu-000.
Ngokuya ngesivinini sokufunda okulandelanayo, imiphumela izohambisana nezici zedrayivu - 3200 MB / s. Kodwa njengoba womabili ama-NVMe SSD esebenza ngokuhlelekile, idatha ingafundwa kuwo ngesikhathi esifanayo, okwenza ukufunda kusheshe. Kodwa ijubane lokubhala (elithi 2000 MB / s) lizohamba kancane, ngoba umsebenzi ngamunye wokubhala wenziwa kabili.
I-RAID 1 ilungele isizindalwazi esincane noma enye indawo edinga ukubekezelelwa kwamaphutha kodwa umthamo ophansi. I-Drive mirroring iyasiza kakhulu ezimeni zokuthola kabusha inhlekelele (ukusebenza kwehliswe kancane) ngoba kunikeza "ukuvuselela" okusheshayo kwedatha ebalulekile uma enye yamadrayivu ohlwini ihluleka. Kodwa ngenxa yokuthi leli zinga lokuvikela lidinga ukuphinda kabili umthamo wokugcinwa kwedatha ebonisiwe (i-100 TB izodinga u-200 TB wesitoreji), amasistimu amaningi ebhizinisi asebenzisa izinketho zokulondoloza ezongayo: i-RAID 5 ne-RAID 6.
I-RAID 5 esekelwe ku-Kingston SSDs nezilawuli ze-Broadcom
Ukuze sihlele amalungu afanayo e-RAID yeleveli yesihlanu, sidinga okungenani amadrayivu amathathu, idatha ehlukaniswe izinhlangothi (ebhalwe ngomjikelezo kuwo wonke amadrayivu kulungu), kodwa hhayi impinda. Lapho uzihlela, umuntu kufanele acabangele isakhiwo sazo esiyinkimbinkimbi, ngoba lapha kuvela umqondo onjengokuthi "checksum" (noma "ukulingana"). Lo mqondo usho umsebenzi we-algebraic XOR onengqondo (obizwa nangokuthi "OR" kuphela), obeka ukusetshenziswa kokushayela okungenani okuthathu kuhlelo (ubukhulu - 32). Kulokhu, ulwazi lokulingana lubhalwa kuwo wonke "amadiski" kuhlelo.
Ngohlu lwama-SSD amane e-Kingston DC500R SATA anomthamo ongu-3,84 TB ngalinye, sithola u-11,52 TB wesikhala kanye no-3,84 wamasheke. Futhi uma uhlanganisa amadrayivu e-Kingston DC16M U.1000 NVMe angu-2 anomthamo ongu-7,68 TB ku-Level 115,2 RAID, sizofunda i-7,68 TB ngokulahlekelwa ngu-5 TB. Njengoba ubona, amadrayivu amaningi, kuba ngcono ekugcineni. Kungcono futhi ngoba uma amadrayivu amaningi ku-RAID 0, aphakamisa ukusebenza kokubhala sekukonke. Futhi ukufunda ngomugqa kuzofinyelela izinga le-RAID XNUMX.
Iqembu lediski le-RAID 5 lihlinzeka nge-throughput ephezulu (ikakhulukazi kumafayela amakhulu) kanye nokuphindaphinda ngokulahleka kwamandla okuncane. Lolu hlobo lwenhlangano yamalungu afanayo lufaneleka kakhulu amanethiwekhi enza imisebenzi eminingi encane yokufaka/yokukhiphayo (I/O) ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kodwa akufanele uyisebenzisele imisebenzi edinga inani elikhulu lemisebenzi yokubhala yamabhulokhi amancane noma amancane.
Kukhona enye i-nuance eyengeziwe: uma okungenani eyodwa yamadrayivu e-NVMe ehluleka, i-RAID 5 ingena kumodi yokuwohloka futhi ukwehluleka kwenye idivayisi yokugcina kungaba okubaluleke kakhulu kuyo yonke idatha. Uma idrayivu eyodwa ohlwini yehluleka, isilawuli se-RAID sisebenzisa ulwazi lokulinganisa ukuze sidale kabusha noma iyiphi idatha engekho.
I-RAID 10 esekelwe ku-Kingston SSDs nezilawuli ze-Broadcom
Ngakho-ke, i-RAID 0 isinika ukwanda okuphindwe kabili kwejubane nesikhathi sokufinyelela, futhi i-RAID 1 inikeza ukwethembeka. Ngokufanelekile, zingahlanganiswa, futhi lapha i-RAID 10 (noma i-1 + 0) iza ukusiza. "Ishumi" liqoqwe kusuka kumadrayivu amane e-SATA SSD noma e-NVMe (isilinganiso esiphezulu - 32) futhi lisikisela uxhaxha "lwezibuko", inani lamadrayivu okumele lihlale liphindaphindwe kane. Idatha kulolu hlu ibhalwe kusetshenziswa ukwahlukanisa okungaguquki kwebhulokhi (njengasendabeni ye-RAID 0) kanye nokuhlukanisa phakathi kwamadrayivu, kusabalaliswa amakhophi kuwo wonke "amadrayivu" kuhlelo lwe-RAID 1. Futhi nekhono lokufinyelela amaqembu amaningi wamadrayivu Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-RAID 10 ibonisa ukusebenza okuphezulu.
Njengoba i-RAID 10 ikwazi ukuhlukanisa idatha kumapheya amaningi anezibuko, lokhu kusho ukuthi ingakwazi ukubekezelela ukwehluleka kwedrayivu eyodwa ngepheya. Nokho, uma womabili amapheya anezibuko (okungukuthi, wonke amadrayivu amane) ehluleka, ukulahleka kwedatha okungenakugwemeka kuzokwenzeka. Ngenxa yalokho, sithola nokubekezelelana okuhle kwamaphutha nokwethembeka. Kodwa khumbula ukuthi, njenge-RAID 1, i-array yezinga leshumi isebenzisa ingxenye kuphela yomthamo ophelele, ngakho-ke iyisixazululo esibizayo. Futhi kunzima ukusetha.
I-RAID 10 ifanele ukusetshenziswa nezinqolobane zedatha ezidinga u-100% ukuphindaphindeka kwamaqembu ediski afakwe isibuko, kanye nokwenyuka kokusebenza kwe-I/O kwe-RAID 0. Kuyisixazululo esingcono kakhulu semininingwane yolwazi enosayizi omaphakathi nanoma iyiphi indawo edinga ukubekezelelwa kwamaphutha okuphezulu. kune-RAID 5.
I-RAID 50 esekelwe ku-Kingston SSDs nezilawuli ze-Broadcom
Amalungu afanayo ahlanganisiwe afana neleveli 5 RAID, okuyileveli engu-50 yamalungu afanayo eyakhiwe kusukela kumalungu afanayo angu-5. Njengangaphambili, umgomo oyinhloko walolu hlu uwukuthola ukusebenza okuphindwe kabili kuyilapho kugcinwa ukwethembeka kwedatha ku-RAID XNUMX. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-RAID XNUMX inikeza ukusebenza okuthuthukisiwe kokubhala kanye nokuvikelwa kwedatha okungcono kune-RAID XNUMX evamile uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka kwedrayivu. , futhi iyakwazi nokululama ngokushesha uma enye yamadrayivu yehluleka.
Iqembu ledrayivu le-RAID 50 lihlukanisa idatha libe amabhulokhi amancane bese liyihlubula ohlwini ngalunye lwe-RAID 5. Iqembu le-RAID 5 liphinde lihlukanise idatha libe amabhulokhi amancane, libale ukulingana, lenze umsebenzi onengqondo NOMA kumabhulokhi, bese emva kwalokho. yenza ukubhala kwebhulokhi yedatha nemisebenzi yokulinganisa yediski ngayinye eqenjini lediski.
Futhi ngenkathi ukusebenza konakala ngokungenakugwenywa uma enye yamadrayivu ehluleka, ayibalulekile njengakuhlu lwe-RAID 5, njengoba ukwehluleka okukodwa kuthinta eyodwa kuphela yamalungu afanayo, okushiya enye isebenza ngokugcwele. Eqinisweni, i-RAID 50 ingasinda kufikela ekuhlulekeni kwedrayivu eyisishiyagalombili ye-HDD/SSD/NVMe uma βidiskiβ ngayinye ehlulekile ikuhlu oluhlukile lwe-RAID 5.
I-RAID 50 isetshenziswa kangcono kakhulu ezinhlelweni ezidinga ukwethembeka okuphezulu futhi kufanele icubungule inani eliphezulu lezicelo kuyilapho igcinwa amazinga aphezulu okudluliswa kwedatha kanye nezindleko zokushayela eziphansi kune-RAID 10. Nokho, njengoba kudingeka okungenani amadrayivu ayisithupha ukuze kumiswe uhlu lwe-RAID 50. , izindleko azikhishwanga ngaphandle ngokuphelele njengesici. Okubi okukodwa kwe-RAID 50 ukuthi, njenge-RAID 5, idinga isilawuli esiyinkimbinkimbi: njenge esihlokweni sokugcina kusuka ku-Broadcom.
Kuhle futhi ukuqaphela ukuthi i-RAID 50 inokusetshenziswa okuncane kwesikhala sediski kune-RAID 5 ngenxa yokwabiwa kwamandla okubamba amarekhodi okulingana. Nokho, isenesikhala esisebenziseka kakhulu kunamanye amazinga e-RAID, ikakhulukazi lawo asebenzisa ukwenza isibuko. Ngesidingo esincane samadrayivu ayisithupha, i-RAID 50 ingaba inketho ebizayo, kodwa isikhala sediski esengeziwe sithethelela izindleko ngokuvikela idatha yenkampani. Lolu hlobo lwamalungu afanayo lunconyelwe idatha edinga ukuthembeka okuphezulu kwesitoreji, amanani esicelo aphezulu, amanani okudlulisa aphezulu, nomthamo wokugcina ophezulu.
I-RAID 6 ne-RAID 60: asikakhohlwa ngazo futhi
Njengoba sikhulume ngezigaba zeleveli yesihlanu nelesihlanu, kungaba yisono ukungakhulumi ngezinhlobo zenhlangano efana ne-RAID 6 ne-RAID 60.
Ukusebenza kwe-RAID 6 kufana ne-RAID 5, kodwa lapha okungenani amadrayivu amabili anikezwa ngokulingana, okuvumela uhlu ukuthi usinde ekuhlulekeni kwamadrayivu amabili ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa idatha (ku-RAID 5, lesi simo asifiseleki kakhulu). Lokhu kubangela ukwethembeka okuphezulu. Uma kungenjalo, yonke into iyafana nasezingeni lesihlanu lezinga: uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka kwediski eyodwa noma amabili, isilawuli se-RAID sisebenzisa amabhulokhi wokulinganisa ukuze sidale kabusha lonke ulwazi olulahlekile. Uma amadrayivu amabili ehluleka, ukutakula akwenzeki ngesikhathi esisodwa: okokuqala, idrayivu yokuqala iphindwa kabusha, bese kuba eyesibili. Ngakho, imisebenzi emibili yokuthola idatha yenziwa.
Kulula ukuqagela ukuthi uma i-RAID 50 iyileveli engu-60 yamalungu afanayo angu-6, i-RAID 50 iyileveli engu-8 yamalungu afanayo angu-16 esisanda kukhuluma ngawo. Okusho ukuthi, le nhlangano yesitoreji se-RAID ikuvumela ukuthi usinde ekulahlekelweni kwama-SSD amabili eqenjini ngalinye lamadrayivu e-RAID XNUMX. Umgomo wokusebenza ufana nalowo esikhulume ngawo esigabeni se-RAID XNUMX, kodwa inani lokwehluleka ukuthi a Isigaba XNUMX singamelana sikhula sisuka ku-XNUMX siye ku-XNUMX drives. Ngokuvamile, ama-array anjalo asetshenziselwa isevisi yamakhasimende e-inthanethi, edinga ukubekezelelana kwamaphutha aphezulu.
Ukufingqa:
Nakuba ukwenza isibuko kunikeza ukubekezelelana kwamaphutha ngaphezu kwe-RAID 50/60, kudinga nesikhala esiningi kakhulu. Njengoba inani ledatha liphindwe kabili, empeleni uthola kuphela i-50% yenani eliphelele lamadrayivu afakwe kuseva ukuze urekhode futhi ugcine imininingwane. Ukukhetha phakathi kwe-RAID 50/60 ne-RAID 10 cishe kuzoncika kumabhajethi atholakalayo, umthamo weseva, nezidingo zakho zokuvikela idatha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindleko ziyavela lapho sikhuluma ngezixazululo ze-SSD (kokubili isigaba sezinkampani nesabathengi).
Okubaluleke nakakhulu, manje sesiyazi ngokuqinisekile ukuthi i-RAID esekelwe ku-SSD iyisixazululo esiphephile ngokuphelele kanye nomkhuba ovamile webhizinisi lanamuhla. Njengengxenye yokusetshenziswa kwekhaya, kukhona nesizathu sokushintshela ku-NVMe, uma isabelomali sivuma. Futhi uma usenombuzo, kungani konke lokhu kuyadingeka, buyela ekuqaleni kwesihloko - sesivele siphendule ngokuningiliziwe.
Lesi sihloko silungiselelwe ngokusekelwa ozakwethu kwa-Broadcom, abahlinzeka ngabalawuli babo konjiniyela be-Kingston ukuze bahlolwe ngamadrayivu e-SATA/SAS/NVMe asezingeni lebhizinisi. Ngenxa yale symbiosis enobungane, amakhasimende akudingeki angabaze ukwethembeka nokuzinza kwamadrayivu e-Kingston ane-HBA kanye nezilawuli ze-RAID kusukela ekukhiqizeni. .
Ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nemikhiqizo ye-Kingston lungatholakala ku inkampani.
Source: www.habr.com