Sawubona! Igama lami ngingu-Andrey Semenov, ngingumhlaziyi omkhulu kwa-Sportmaster. Kulokhu okuthunyelwe ngifuna ukuphakamisa indaba yokwenziwa kwe-denormalization ye-ERP yolwazi lwesistimu. Sizobheka izimo ezijwayelekile, kanye nesibonelo esiqondile - ake sithi kungaba indawo yokucima ukoma ye-monopoly yamasosha namatilosi. Lapho ama-pirates kanye nabasolwandle kufanele bakhonzwe ngokuhlukile, ngoba imibono yobuhle kanye namaphethini wabathengi balaba besifazane abahle bahluke kakhulu.
Indlela yokwenza wonke umuntu ajabule? Ungakugwema kanjani ukusangana ukuklama nokugcina uhlelo olunjalo? Yini okufanele uyenze uma hhayi kuphela abaphangi abavamile nabasolwandle beqala ukuza ethaveni?
Konke kungaphansi kokunqunywa. Kodwa ake sihambe ngohlelo.
1. Imikhawulo kanye nokuqagela
Konke lokhu okungenhla kusebenza kuphela kusizindalwazi esihlobene. Imiphumela yokwenziwa kwe-denormalization ngendlela yokuguqulwa, ukususa, nokufaka okudidayo, okumbozwe kahle, okuhlanganisa ne-inthanethi, akucatshangwa. Ngaphandle kobubanzi balolu shicilelo kunezimo lapho i-denormalization iyindawo evamile, enezibonelo zakudala: uchungechunge lwamaphasiphothi nenombolo, usuku nesikhathi, njll.
Okuthunyelwe kusebenzisa izincazelo ezinembile nezisebenzayo zamafomu avamile, ngaphandle kokubhekisela kumagama ezibalo. Ngendlela ezingasetshenziswa ngayo ekuhlolweni kwezinqubo zangempela zebhizinisi (BP) kanye nokwakhiwa kwesofthiwe yezimboni.
Kuphikiswana ngokuthi idizayini yezindawo zokugcina idatha, amathuluzi okubika nezivumelwano zokuhlanganisa (ezisebenzisa izethulo zethebula zolwazi) kwehluka ekwakhiweni kolwazi lwesistimu ye-ERP kulokho ukusetshenziswa kalula kanye nokusetshenziswa komqondo wokungafinyeleli ekufinyeleleni kungase kuthathe indawo yokuqala kunobuqotho. idatha yokuvikela. Mina ngabelana ngalo mbono, futhi okuchazwe ngezansi kusebenza kuphela kudatha eyinhloko namamodeli wedatha yokwenziwayo wezinhlelo ze-ERP.
Incazelo yamafomu ajwayelekile inikezwa kusetshenziswa isibonelo esiqondakalayo ezingeni lansuku zonke kubafundi abaningi. Nokho, njengomfanekiso obonakalayo, ezigabeni 4-5, umsebenzi “oqanjiwe” owenziwe ngamabomu wasetshenziswa ngamabomu. Uma ungenzi lokhu futhi uthatha isibonelo sencwadi yokufunda, isibonelo, imodeli efanayo yokugcina i-oda kusuka endaweni yesi-2, ungase uzithole usesimweni lapho ukugxila komfundi kuzosuswa ekuqhekekeni okuhlongozwayo kwenqubo kube imodeli, kokuhlangenwe nakho komuntu siqu kanye nombono wokuthi izinqubo namamodeli okugcina idatha ku-IS kumele kwakhiwe kanjani. Ngamanye amazwi, thatha abahlaziyi be-IT ababili abaqeqeshiwe, omunye anikeze izinsizakalo kubasebenzi abathutha abagibeli, omunye anikeze ochwepheshe bezokuthutha imishini yokukhiqiza ama-microchips. Babuze, ngaphandle kokuxoxa ngama-BP azenzakalelayo kusengaphambili, ukuthi benze imodeli yedatha yokugcina ulwazi mayelana nohambo lwesitimela.
Kukhona amathuba angewona aziro ukuthi kumamodeli ahlongozwayo awutholi nje kuphela isethi yezimfanelo ezihluke ngokuphawulekayo, kodwa futhi namasethi ahlukene ezinhlangano, ngoba umhlaziyi ngamunye uzoncika ezinqubweni nasezintweni azijwayele. Futhi esimweni esinjalo akunakwenzeka ukusho ukuthi iyiphi imodeli "elungile", ngoba ayikho inkomba yokuhlola.
2. Amafomu avamile
Ifomu lokuqala elivamile lesizindalwazi idinga i-athomu yazo zonke izici.
Ikakhulukazi, uma into A inezibaluli ezingewona ukhiye u-a kanye no-b, kangangokuthi c=f(a,b) futhi kuthebula elichaza into A ugcina inani lemfanelo c, khona-ke ifomu lokuqala elivamile liphulwa kusizindalwazi. . Isibonelo, uma ukucaciswa kwe-oda kukhombisa inani, amayunithi wokulinganisa ancike ohlotsheni lomkhiqizo: kwesinye isikhathi kungaba izingcezu, kwelinye amalitha, kumaphakheji wesithathu ahlanganisa izingcezu (kumodeli ngenhla kweGood_count_WR) , bese i-athomu yezichasiso iphulwa kusizindalwazi. Kulesi simo, ukuze usho ukuthi iqoqo letafula lokucaciswa kwe-oda kufanele libe yini, udinga incazelo ehlosiwe yenqubo yomsebenzi ku-IS, futhi njengoba izinqubo zingahluka, kungaba nezinguqulo eziningi "ezilungile".
Ifomu lesibili elivamile lesizindalwazi idinga ukuthotshelwa kwefomu lokuqala kanye nethebula layo lebhizinisi ngalinye elihlobene nenqubo yomsebenzi ku-IS. Uma kuthebula elilodwa kunokuncika okuthi c=f1(a) kanye no-d=f2(b) futhi kungekho ukuncika c=f3(b), kusho ukuthi ifomu lesibili elivamile liphulwa etafuleni. Esibonelweni esingenhla, akukho ukuncika phakathi kwe-oda nekheli kuthebula le-Oda. Shintsha igama lomgwaqo noma idolobha futhi ngeke ube nomthelela ezicini ezibalulekile ze-oda.
Isizindalwazi sefomu lesithathu elivamile idinga ukuthotshelwa kwefomu lesibili elivamile kanye nokungabikho kokuncika kokusebenza phakathi kwezimfanelo zamabhizinisi ahlukene. Lo mthetho ungakhiwa ngale ndlela elandelayo: "konke okungabalwa kumele kubalwe." Ngamanye amazwi, uma kunezinto ezimbili u-A no-B. Ethebulani eligcina izimfanelo zento A, isici esingu-C siyavezwa, futhi into engu-B inesibaluli esingu-b, kangangokuthi u-c=f4(b) ukhona, bese kuba uhlobo lwesithathu oluvamile. iphuliwe. Esibonelweni esingezansi, isibaluli se-Quantity of Pieces (Total_count_WR) kwirekhodi le-oda lisho ngokusobala ukuthi lephula ifomu lesithathu elivamile.
3. Indlela yami yokusebenzisa ukujwayela
1. Inqubo yebhizinisi ezenzakalelayo eqondiwe kuphela enganikeza umhlaziyi imibandela yokuhlonza amabhizinisi nezibaluli lapho edala imodeli yokugcina idatha. Ukudala imodeli yenqubo kuyimfuneko yokwakha imodeli yedatha evamile.
2. Ukuzuza ifomu lesithathu elivamile ngomqondo oqinile kungase kungenzeki ekusebenzeni kwangempela kokudala amasistimu e-ERP uma okunye noma zonke lezi zimo ezilandelayo kuhlangatshezwana nazo:
- izinqubo ezizenzakalelayo azivamile ukushintsha,
- iminqamulajuqu yocwaningo nentuthuko incane,
- izidingo zobuqotho bedatha ziphansi uma kuqhathaniswa (amaphutha angaba khona kusofthiwe yezimboni awaholeli ekulahlekelweni kwemali noma amaklayenti yikhasimende lesofthiwe)
- nokunye okunjalo.
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezichaziwe, izindleko zokuhlonza kanye nokuchaza umjikelezo wempilo wezinye izinto kanye nezici zazo zingase zingathethelelwa ngokombono wokusebenza kahle kwezomnotho.
3. Noma yimiphi imiphumela yokuncishiswa kwemodeli yedatha ku-IS esivele idaliwe ingancishiswa ngocwaningo olunzulu olwandulelayo lwekhodi nokuhlola.
4. I-Denormalization iyindlela yokudlulisa izindleko zabasebenzi kusukela esigabeni sokucwaninga imithombo yedatha nokuklama inqubo yebhizinisi kuya esigabeni sokuthuthukiswa, kusukela esikhathini sokuqalisa kuya esikhathini sokuthuthukiswa kwesistimu.
5. Kutuswa ukulwela uhlobo lwesithathu olujwayelekile lwesizindalwazi uma:
- Isiqondiso soshintsho ezinqubweni zebhizinisi ezizenzakalelayo kunzima ukubikezela
- Kukhona ukuhlukaniswa okubuthakathaka kwabasebenzi phakathi kokuqaliswa kanye/noma ithimba lokuthuthukisa
- Amasistimu afakwe kusekethe yokuhlanganisa athuthuka ngokwezinhlelo zawo
- Ukungahambisani kwedatha kungaholela ekutheni inkampani ilahlekelwe amakhasimende noma imali
6. Idizayini yemodeli yedatha kufanele yenziwe umhlaziyi kuphela ngokuphathelene namamodeli enqubo yebhizinisi eliqondiwe kanye nenqubo ye-IS. Uma umthuthukisi aklama imodeli yedatha, kuzodingeka azicwilise endaweni yesihloko kangangokuthi, ikakhulukazi, uyawuqonda umehluko phakathi kwamanani esibaluli - isimo esidingekayo sokuhlukanisa izibaluli ze-athomu. Ngakho, ukuthatha imisebenzi engavamile.
4 Inkinga yomfanekiso
Ake sithi unethaveni encane yamarobhothi ethekwini. Ingxenye yemakethe yakho: amatilosi nabaphangi abangena echwebeni futhi badinga ikhefu. Udayisela amatilosi itiye eline-thyme, namakhekhe e-rum namathambo okukama izintshebe kubaphangi. Inkonzo esendaweni yokucima ukoma ngokwayo inikezwa i-robot hostess kanye ne-bartender yamarobhothi. Ngenxa yezinga eliphezulu namanani enu aphansi, nixoshe izimbangi zenu, ukuze wonke umuntu ophuma emkhunjini eze ethaveni yakho, okuwukuphela kwayo ethekwini.
I-Tavern information systems complex iqukethe isoftware elandelayo:
- Isistimu yesixwayiso sangaphambi kwesikhathi mayelana neklayenti elibona isigaba salo ngokusekelwe kuzici zesici
- Isistimu yokulawula yabanikazi bamarobhothi kanye nabartendeli berobhothi
- I-warehouse kanye nohlelo lokuphatha ukulethwa endaweni okudayiswa kuyo
- Uhlelo Lokuphatha Ubudlelwano Bomhlinzeki (SURP)
Inqubo:
Uhlelo lokuxwayisa lwangaphambi kwesikhathi lubona abantu abashiya umkhumbi. Uma umuntu eshefiwe, umkhomba njengetilosi; uma kutholakala ukuthi umuntu unentshebe, ubizwa ngokuthi uyisigebengu.
Uma singena endaweni yokucima ukoma, isivakashi sizwa ukubingelela okuvela kumphathi wamarobhothi ngokuhambisana nesigaba sakhe, isibonelo: “Ho-ho-ho, isigebengu esithandekayo, hamba etafuleni No...”
Isivakashi siya etafuleni elishiwo, lapho umthengisi werobhothi esevele emlungisele izimpahla ngokuhambisana nesigaba. Umthengisi werobhothi udlulisela ulwazi kusistimu ye-warehouse ukuthi ingxenye elandelayo yokulethwa kufanele ikhuliswe; i-warehouse IS, ngokusekelwe kumabhalansi asele esitoreji, ikhiqiza isicelo sokuthenga ohlelweni lokuphatha.
Nakuba isistimu yesixwayiso sangaphambi kwesikhathi kungenzeka ukuthi yathuthukiswa i-IT yakho yangaphakathi, uhlelo lokuphatha irobhothi lebha kungenzeka ukuthi lwakhiwe usonkontileka wangaphandle osebenzela ibhizinisi lakho. Futhi amasistimu okuphatha izindawo zokugcina kanye nobudlelwano nabahlinzeki yizixazululo ezipakishwe ngokwezifiso ezivela emakethe.
5. Izibonelo ze-denormalilization kanye nomthelela wako ekuthuthukisweni kwesofthiwe
Lapho beklama inqubo yebhizinisi, ochwepheshe bezindaba okwaxoxwa nabo basho ngazwi linye ukuthi emhlabeni wonke izigebengu ziphuza i-rum futhi zikame izintshebe zazo ngamakama amathambo, futhi amatilosi aphuza itiye eline-thyme futhi ahlala ephuciwe.
Uhla lwemibhalo lwezinhlobo zamaklayenti luvela namanani amabili: 1 - izigebengu, 2 - amatilosi, okuvamile kulo lonke ulwazi lwesifunda senkampani.
Isistimu yesaziso seklayenti igcina ngokushesha umphumela wokucubungula isithombe njengesihlonzi (ID) seklayenti elaziwayo kanye nohlobo lwalo: itilosi noma isigebengu.
I-ID yento eyaziwayo
Isigaba seklayenti
100500
IPirate
100501
IPirate
100502
Itilosi
Ake sikuqaphele futhi lokho
1. Amatilosi ethu empeleni angabantu abagundiwe
2. Izigebengu zakithi zingabantu abanentshebe ngempela
Yiziphi izinkinga kulokhu okudingeka ziqedwe ukuze isakhiwo sethu silwela ifomu lesithathu elijwayelekile:
- isibaluli sokwephulwa kwe-atomicity - Isigaba Seklayenti
- ukuhlanganisa iqiniso elihlaziywe nesiphetho etafuleni elilodwa
- ubudlelwano obugxilile bokusebenza phakathi kwezimfanelo zamabhizinisi ahlukene.
Ngefomu elejwayelekile, sizothola amathebula amabili:
- umphumela wokuqashelwa ngendlela yeqoqo lezici ezimisiwe,
I-ID yento eyaziwayo
Izinwele zobuso
100500
Yebo
100501
Yebo
100502
No
- umphumela wokunquma uhlobo lweklayenti njengohlelo lokusebenza lomqondo oshumekwe ku-IS ukuze atolike izici ezimisiwe
I-ID yento eyaziwayo
I-ID yokuhlonza
Isigaba seklayenti
100500
100001
IPirate
100501
100002
IPirate
100502
100003
Itilosi
Inhlangano evamile yokugcina idatha ingakusiza kanjani ukuthuthukiswa kwe-IP complex? Ake sithi uthola amakhasimende amasha kungazelelwe. Makube ngabaphangi baseJapane abangase bangabi nentshebe, kodwa bahamba ne-parrot ehlombe labo, kanye nezigebengu zemvelo, ungakwazi ukuzibona kalula ngephrofayela ye-Greta eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esifubeni kwesokunxele.
Izigebengu zemvelo, ngokwemvelo, azikwazi ukusebenzisa amakhekheba amathambo futhi zifune i-analogue eyenziwe ngepulasitiki yasolwandle egaywe kabusha.
Udinga ukuphinda usebenze ama-algorithms ohlelo ngokuhambisana nokokufaka okusha. Uma bekulandelwa imithetho yokujwayela, kuzomele wengeze kuphela okokufaka kwamanye amagatsha ezinqubo kwezinye izinhlelo futhi udale amagatsha amasha kuphela kulawo macala nakulawo ma-IS lapho izinwele zobuso zibalulekile. Kodwa, njengoba imithetho ingalandelwanga, kuzodingeka uhlaziye yonke ikhodi, kulo lonke isifunda, lapho kusetshenziswa khona amanani ohla lwemibhalo yohlobo lweklayenti futhi uqinisekise ngokucacile ukuthi esimweni esisodwa i-algorithm kufanele icabangele uchwepheshe. umsebenzi weklayenti, nakwezinye izici zomzimba.
Ngendlela yokuthi ufuna ukuze kwenziwe ngokwejwayelekile, sizothola amatafula amabili anedatha yokusebenza nezinkomba ezimbili:
- umphumela wokuqashelwa ngendlela yeqoqo lezici ezimisiwe,
I-ID yento eyaziwayo
U-Greta esifubeni kwesokunxele
Inyoni ehlombe
Izinwele zobuso
100510
1
1
1
100511
0
0
1
100512
1
0
- umphumela wokunquma uhlobo lweklayenti (makube ukubuka ngokwezifiso lapho kuboniswa khona izincazelo ezivela kunkhombandlela)
Ingabe i-denormalilization etholiwe isho ukuthi amasistimu awakwazi ukuguqulwa ukuze ahlangabezane nezimo ezintsha? Vele akunjalo. Uma sicabanga ukuthi zonke izinhlelo zolwazi zidalwe ithimba elilodwa elingenayo inzuzo yabasebenzi, intuthuko ibhalwe kahle futhi ulwazi ludluliselwa eqenjini ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa, khona-ke izinguquko ezidingekayo zingenziwa ngomzamo omncane ngokunganaki. Kodwa uma sibuyela ezimeni zasekuqaleni zenkinga, amakhibhodi angu-1,5 azosulwa ukuze nje kunyatheliswe izivumelwano zezingxoxo ezihlanganyelwe kanye nomunye ongu-0,5 wokucubungula izinqubo zokuthenga.
Kulesi sibonelo esingenhla, womathathu amafomu ajwayelekile aphulwa, ake sizame ukuwephula ngokwehlukana.
Ukwephulwa kwefomu lokuqala elivamile:
Ake sithi izimpahla zilethwa endaweni yakho yokugcina impahla zisuka ezindaweni zokugcina izimpahla zabathengisi ngokuzilanda kusetshenziswa insephe eyodwa engu-1.5-ton okungeyethaveni yakho. Usayizi wama-oda akho mncane kakhulu uma uqhathaniswa nenzuzo yabahlinzeki kangangokuthi ahlala eqedwa ngamunye ngamunye ngaphandle kokulinda ukukhiqizwa. Ingabe udinga amatafula ahlukene anenqubo yebhizinisi enjalo: izimoto, izinhlobo zezimoto, kuyadingeka yini ukuhlukanisa uhlelo neqiniso kuma-oda akho kubahlinzeki abahambile?
Cabanga nje ukuthi zingaki ukuxhumana “okwengeziwe” okuzodingeka ukuthi abahleli bakho bakubhale uma usebenzisa imodeli engezansi ukuthuthukisa uhlelo.
Ake sithi sinqume ukuthi isakhiwo esihlongozwayo siyinkimbinkimbi ngokungadingekile; esimweni sethu, ukuhlukanisa uhlelo kanye neqiniso kwirekhodi lokuhleleka ulwazi olungafuneki, futhi ukucaciswa kwe-oda okukhiqizwa kubhalwa kabusha ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yokwamukelwa kwezimpahla ezifikile, iphutha elingavamile. -ukuhlelwa kanye nokufika kwezimpahla zekhwalithi enganele zixazululwa ngaphandle kwe-IS.
Futhi-ke ngolunye usuku ubona ukuthi ihholo lonke lethaveni ligcwele kanjani izigebengu ezicasukile nezingahlelekile. Kwenzenjani?
Kuvele ukuthi njengoba ibhizinisi lakho likhula, kanjalo nokusebenzisa kwakho. Kudala, kwenziwa isinqumo sokuphatha sokuthi uma inyamazane igcwele umthamo kanye/noma isisindo, okwakuyivelakancane kakhulu, umphakeli uzobeka phambili umthwalo avune iziphuzo.
Izimpahla ezingalethiwe zigcine zilandelana futhi zahamba ngendiza entsha, ukuba khona kwebhalansi encane endaweni yokugcina impahla endaweni yokucima ukoma kwenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukuthi ungawaboni amacala alahlekile.
Owokugcina oqhudelana naye wavalwa ethekwini, futhi icala elibhoboziwe lensephe elayishwe ngokweqile, leqiwa ngokubeka eqhulwini ngokusekelwe ekucabangeni kokwanela kwebhalansi encane kanye nokulayishwa kancane kwemoto ngezikhathi ezithile, kwaba umkhuba ovamile. Isistimu edaliwe izosebenza kahle ngokuhambisana nama-algorithms ashumekwe kuyo futhi izoncishwa noma yiliphi ithuba lokulandelela ukwehluleka okuhlelekile ukugcwalisa imiyalo ehleliwe. Isithunzi esilimele kuphela namakhasimende anganelisekile azokwazi ukubona inkinga.
Umfundi olalelayo kungenzeka ukuthi ubonile ukuthi inani eli-odiwe encazelweni ye-oda (T_ORDER_SPEC) esigabeni 2 kanye nesigaba 5 lingase lihlangabezane noma lingafinyeleli imfuneko yefomu lokuqala elivamile. Konke kuncike ekutheni, uma kubhekwa izinhlobonhlobo zezimpahla ezikhethiwe, amayunithi ahlukene okulinganisa angawela yini emkhakheni ofanayo.
Ukwephulwa kwefomu lesibili elivamile:
Njengoba izidingo zakho zikhula, uthenga izimoto ezimbalwa ezinosayizi abahlukene. Kumongo ongenhla, ukudalwa kohla lwemibhalo lwezimoto kuthathwe njengokungafuneki; ngenxa yalokho, wonke ama-algorithms okucubungula idatha anikezela ngezidingo zokulethwa kanye ne-warehouse abona ukuhanjiswa kwempahla isuka kumnikezeli iyiswa endaweni yokugcina impahla njengokundiza kwethani elingu-1,5 kuphela. inyamazane. Ngakho-ke, kanye nokuthengwa kwezimoto ezintsha, usakha uhla lwemibhalo lwezimoto, kodwa lapho uluqeda, kuzodingeka uhlaziye yonke ikhodi ekhomba ukuhamba kwempahla ukuze uthole ukuthi endaweni ngayinye izinkomba zishiwo yini ezicini. yona kanye imoto okwaqalwa ngayo ibhizinisi.
Ukwephulwa kwefomu lesithathu elivamile:
Ngesinye isikhathi uqala ukudala uhlelo lokwethembeka, irekhodi lekhasimende elivamile liyavela. Kungani, isibonelo, uchitha isikhathi udala ukubukwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo ezigcina idatha ehlanganisiwe ekuthengisweni kuklayenti ngalinye ukuze lisetshenziswe ekubikeni nasekudluliseleni kumasistimu okuhlaziya, uma ekuqaleni kohlelo lokwethembeka konke okuthakaselayo ikhasimende kungafakwa kurekhodi leklayenti. ? Futhi, empeleni, ekuboneni kokuqala, akukho phuzu. Kodwa njalo lapho ibhizinisi lakho lixhuma, isibonelo, iziteshi ezintsha zokuthengisa, kufanele kube nomuntu phakathi kwabahlaziyi bakho ozokhumbula ukuthi isibaluli esinjalo sokuhlanganisa sikhona.
Lapho uklama inqubo entsha ngayinye, isibonelo, ukuthengisa ku-inthanethi, ukuthengisa ngabasabalalisi abaxhunywe ohlelweni oluvamile lokwethembeka, othile kufanele akhumbule ukuthi zonke izinqubo ezintsha kufanele ziqinisekise ubuqotho bedatha ezingeni lekhodi. Ngolwazi lwezimboni olunamatafula ayinkulungwane, lokhu kubonakala kuwumsebenzi ongenakwenzeka.
Umthuthukisi onolwazi, yiqiniso, uyazi ukuthi angamisa kanjani zonke izinkinga ezishiwo ngenhla, kodwa, ngombono wami, umsebenzi womhlaziyi onokuhlangenwe nakho awukona ukuziveza.
Ngithanda ukuzwakalisa ukubonga kwami kumthuthukisi oholayo u-Evgeniy Yarukhin ngempendulo yakhe ebalulekile ngesikhathi kulungiselelwa ukushicilelwa.
Izincwadi
Connolly Thomas, Begg Caroline. Isizindalwazi. Ukuklama, ukuqaliswa nokusekela. Ithiyori kanye nokwenza
Source: www.habr.com