Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, unjiniyela omusha, unjiniyela we-DevOps, wavela ku-IT. Ngokushesha kakhulu yaba enye ethandwa kakhulu futhi edingeka kakhulu emakethe. Kodwa nansi indida - ingxenye yokuthandwa kwe-DevOps ichazwa yiqiniso lokuthi izinkampani eziqasha ochwepheshe abanjalo zivame ukubadidanisa nabameleli beminye imisebenzi.
Lesi sihloko sinikezelwe ekuhlaziyeni ama-nuances womsebenzi we-DevOps, isikhundla samanje emakethe namathemba. Siluthole lolu daba olunzima ngosizo lukadean enyuvesi eku-inthanethi iGeekUniversity nguDmitry Burkovsky.
Ngakho yini i-DevOps?
Igama ngokwalo limele Imisebenzi Yokuthuthukisa. Lokhu akukona okukhethekile kakhulu njengendlela yokuhlela umsebenzi enkampanini ephakathi noma enkulu lapho ulungiselela umkhiqizo noma isevisi. Iqiniso liwukuthi iminyango ehlukene yenkampani efanayo ihileleke ohlelweni lokulungiselela, futhi izenzo zabo azihlali zihlotshaniswa kahle.
Ngakho-ke, abathuthukisi, ngokwesibonelo, abazi njalo ukuthi yiziphi izinkinga abasebenzisi abanazo lapho besebenza nohlelo noma isevisi ekhishiwe. Usekelo lobuchwepheshe lwazi yonke into kahle, kodwa bangahle bangazi ukuthi yini “ngaphakathi” yesoftware. Futhi lapha unjiniyela we-DevOps esiza ukusiza, esiza ukuxhumanisa inqubo yokuthuthukisa, ephromotha inqubo ezenzakalelayo, kanye nokuthuthukisa ukubonakala kwayo.
Umqondo we-DevOps uhlanganisa abantu, izinqubo namathuluzi.
Yini okufanele unjiniyela we-DevOps azi futhi akwazi ukuyenza?
Ngokusho komunye wabalandeli abadume kakhulu bomqondo we-DevOps, uJoe Sanchez, ummeleli walo mkhakha kumele abe nokuqonda okuhle kwama-nuances womqondo ngokwawo, abe nolwazi lokuphatha zombili izinhlelo zeWindows neLinux, aqonde ikhodi yohlelo ebhalwe ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene. izilimi, futhi usebenza ku-Chef, i-Puppet, kanye ne-Ansible. Kuyacaca ukuthi ukuze uhlukanise ikhodi udinga ukwazi izilimi ezimbalwa zokuhlela, futhi ungazi nje kuphela, kodwa futhi ube nolwazi lokuthuthuka. Isipiliyoni ekuhloleni imikhiqizo eqediwe yesoftware namasevisi nawo afiseleka kakhulu.
Kepha lokhu kuhle; akubona bonke abamele inkambu ye-IT abanaleli zinga lesipiliyoni nolwazi. Nali isethi yolwazi oluncane nolwazi oludingekayo kuma-DevOps amahle:
- OS GNU/Linux, Windows.
- Okungenani ulimi olu-1 lokuhlela (Python, Go, Ruby).
- Ulimi lwe-shell scripting luyi-bash ye-Linux kanye ne-powershell ye-Windows.
- Uhlelo lokulawula inguqulo - Git.
- Izinhlelo zokuphatha zokucushwa (Ansible, Puppet, Chef).
- Okungenani inkundla ye-orchestration yesiqukathi esisodwa (Kubernetes, Docker Swarm, Apache Mesos, Amazon EC2 Container Service, Microsoft Azure Container Service).
- Ikhono lokusebenza nabahlinzeki bamafu (isibonelo: i-AWS, i-GCP, i-Azure, njll.) usebenzisa i-Terraform, yazi ukuthi uhlelo lokusebenza lusetshenziswa kanjani emafini.
- Ikhono lokusetha ipayipi le-CI/CD (Jenkins, GitLab), isitaki se-ELK, izinhlelo zokuqapha (Zabbix, Prometheus).
Futhi nalu uhlu lwamakhono ochwepheshe be-DevOps abavame ukuwabonisa ku-Habr Career.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uchwepheshe we-DevOps kufanele aqonde izidingo nezimfuneko zebhizinisi, abone indima yalo enqubweni yokuthuthukisa futhi akwazi ukwakha inqubo ecabangela izintshisekelo zekhasimende.
Kuthiwani ngomkhawulo wokungena?
Akuyona ize ukuthi uhlu lolwazi nolwazi lwethulwe ngenhla. Manje kuba lula ukuqonda ukuthi ubani ongaba uchwepheshe we-DevOps. Kuvela ukuthi indlela elula yokushintshela kulo msebenzi iwukuba abamele ezinye izingcweti ze-IT, ikakhulukazi abaphathi bezinhlelo nabathuthukisi. Kokubili kungakhuphula ngokushesha inani elingekho lesipiliyoni nolwazi. Sebevele banengxenye yesethi edingekayo, futhi ngokuvamile engaphezu kwengxenye.
Abahloli futhi benza onjiniyela be-DevOps abahle kakhulu. Bayazi ukuthi yini esebenzayo nokuthi isebenza kanjani, bayawazi amaphutha kanye nokushiyeka kwesofthiwe ne-hardware. Singasho ukuthi umhloli owazi izilimi zokuhlela futhi owazi ukubhala izinhlelo yi-DevOps ngaphandle kwemizuzu emihlanu.
Kodwa kuzoba nzima kummeleli wengcweti okungeyona eyobuchwepheshe ongakaze abhekane nokuthuthukiswa noma ukuphathwa kwesistimu. Yiqiniso, akukho lutho olungenakwenzeka, kodwa abaqalayo basadinga ukuhlola amandla abo ngokwanele. Kuzothatha isikhathi esiningi ukuthola "umthwalo" odingekayo.
I-DevOps ingawuthola kuphi umsebenzi?
Enkampanini enkulu umsebenzi wayo ohlobene ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile nokuthuthukiswa kohlelo lokusebenza nokuphathwa kwehadiwe. Ukushoda okukhulu konjiniyela be-DevOps kusezinkampanini ezihlinzeka ngenani elikhulu lezinsizakalo ukuqeda abathengi. Lawa ngamabhange, ama-telecom operators, abahlinzeki abakhulu be-inthanethi, njll. Phakathi kwezinkampani eziqasha onjiniyela be-DevOps ngenkuthalo i-Google, i-Facebook, i-Amazon, ne-Adobe.
Ukuqala ngamabhizinisi amancane nakho kusebenzisa i-DevOps, kodwa eziningi zalezi zinkampani, ukumema onjiniyela be-DevOps kuyimfashini kunesidingo sangempela. Yiqiniso, kukhona okuhlukile, kodwa azikho eziningi zazo. Izinkampani ezincane zidinga, kunalokho, “umSwitzerland, umvuni, nomdlali wamapayipi,” okungukuthi, umuntu okwazi ukusebenza ezindaweni eziningi. Isiteshi sesevisi esihle singabhekana nakho konke lokhu. Iqiniso liwukuthi isivinini somsebenzi sibalulekile emabhizinisini amancane; ukwenziwa kahle kwezinqubo zomsebenzi kubalulekile kumabhizinisi aphakathi nendawo namakhulu.
Nazi ezinye izikhala (ungalandela ezintsha ku-Habr Career at ):
Iholo le-DevOps eRussia nasemhlabeni
E-Russia, isilinganiso somholo wonjiniyela we-DevOps singama-ruble ayizinkulungwane eziyi-132 ngenyanga. Lezi yizibalo zokubala komholo wenkonzo ye-Habr Career, eyenziwe ngesisekelo semibuzo eyi-170 engxenyeni yesi-2 ka-2020. Yebo, isampula alilikhulu kangako, kodwa lifaneleka “njengezinga lokushisa elimaphakathi esibhedlela.”
Kukhona amaholo ngenani ruble ayizinkulungwane 250, kukhona mayelana 80 ayizinkulungwane futhi kancane kancane. Konke kuncike enkampanini, iziqu kanye nochwepheshe ngokwakhe, kunjalo.
Ngokuqondene namanye amazwe, izibalo zamaholo nazo ziyaziwa. Ochwepheshe be-Stack Overflow benze umsebenzi omuhle, behlaziya amaphrofayili abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingama-90 - hhayi ama-DevOps kuphela, kodwa futhi nabameleli bezobuchwepheshe bebonke. Kuvele ukuthi Umphathi Wobunjiniyela kanye ne-DevOps zithola kakhulu.
Unjiniyela we-DevOps uhola cishe u-$71 86 ngonyaka. Ngokusho kwensiza Ziprecruiter.com, iholo lochwepheshe kulo mkhakha lisuka ku-$91 135 ngonyaka. Nokho, isevisi ye-Payscale.com ibonisa izinombolo ezithile ezijabulisa kakhulu iso - umholo ojwayelekile wochwepheshe we-DevOps, ngokusho kwesevisi, udlula amaRandi ayizinkulungwane ezingu-XNUMX. Futhi lena iholo lochwepheshe abancane, kuyilapho omdala engakwazi. uthole ama- $ XNUMX ayizinkulungwane.
Njengesiphetho, kufanelekile ukusho ukuthi isidingo sama-DevOps sikhula kancane kancane; isidingo sochwepheshe banoma yiliphi izinga sidlula ukunikezwa. Ngakho uma ufuna, ungazama ngokwakho kule ndawo. Yiqiniso, kumelwe sikhumbule ukuthi isifiso sisodwa akwanele. Udinga ukuthuthukisa njalo, ukufunda nokusebenza.
Source: www.habr.com