Amathuluzi e-DevOps Wonke Umuntu Kufanele Afunde ngo-2020

Qala ukusebenzisa amathuluzi we-DevOps angcono kakhulu namuhla!

Uguquko lwe-DevOps ekugcineni seluthathe umhlaba wonke futhi amathuluzi e-DevOps asedume ngendlela emangalisayo. Ngokusho kwenkonzo izitayela Google, inani lezicelo "zamathuluzi e-DevOps" likhula njalo, futhi le threndi iyaqhubeka.

Indlela ye-DevOps ihlanganisa wonke umjikelezo wokuphila wokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe, ngakho ochwepheshe bangakhetha kumathuluzi ahlukahlukene. Kodwa, njengoba wazi, alikho ithuluzi elingaba ithuluzi lasemhlabeni wonke lawo wonke umuntu. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izixazululo zinikeza ububanzi obubanzi bemisebenzi ukuthi zingakwazi ukuphatha cishe noma yimuphi umsebenzi.

Ake sihlukanise amathuluzi e-DevOps ngezigaba futhi siwaqhathanise nama-analogue:

• ukuthuthukiswa nokwakha amathuluzi
• amathuluzi okuhlola okuzenzakalelayo
• amathuluzi okuhlela ukuthunyelwa
• Amathuluzi esikhathi sokusebenza
• amathuluzi okubambisana.

Ukuqaliswa okuyimpumelelo nokucabangelayo Umsebenzi we-DevOps ihlanganisa amathuluzi avela kuwo wonke amaqembu amahlanu abalwe ngenhla. Hlaziya isethi yamanje yamathuluzi kuphrojekthi yakho ukuze ungaphuthelwa isici esibalulekile sepayipi le-CI/CD.

Amathuluzi Wokuthuthukisa kanye Nokwakha

Lesi isisekelo sesitaki sepayipi le-CI/CD. Konke kuqala lapha! Amathuluzi angcono kakhulu kulesi sigaba angaphatha ukusakazwa kwemicimbi eminingi futhi ahlanganiswe kalula neminye imikhiqizo.

Kulesi sigaba somjikelezo wempilo yokuthuthuka, kunamaqembu amathathu wamathuluzi:

• uhlelo lokulawula inguqulo (SCM)
• ukuhlanganiswa okuqhubekayo (CI)
• Ukuphathwa kwedatha

I-GIT ibe nerekhodi elihle ngo-2020, ngakho-ke ithuluzi lakho le-SCM kufanele libe nokusekelwa okungenamthungo kwe-GIT. Ku-CI, imfuneko yikhono lokuqalisa nokusebenzisa ukwakha endaweni ecezile yesitsha. Uma kuziwa ekuphathweni kwedatha, kudinga amandla okwenza izinguquko ku-schema sedathabhesi nokugcina isizindalwazi ngokuya ngenguqulo yohlelo lokusebenza.

Ithuluzi le-SCM + CI #1

Owinile: I-GitLab ne-GitLab-CI

Ithuluzi elingcono kakhulu lomjikelezo we-DevOps ka-2020 ngaphandle kokungabaza i-GitLab, futhi izoqhubeka nokuhola emisha esikhathini esizayo esiseduze.

Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-GitLab ukuhlinzeka ngokuphathwa okunethezekile kwendawo yokugcina ye-Git. I-interface yewebhu inembile futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa. I-GitLab ihlinzeka ngakho konke okudingayo ngenguqulo yamahhala futhi iza njenge-SaaS kanye ne-on-prem (usebenzisa izinsiza zakho ukusingatha isofthiwe).

Alikho elinye ithuluzi le-SCM elisebenzise ukuhlanganiswa okuqhubekayo (CI) ngqo endaweni yakho yokugcina, futhi i-GitLab isinesikhathi eside ikwenza lokhu. Ukuze usebenzise i-GitLab-CI, kufanele wengeze ifayela le-.gitlab-ci.yml kumsuka wekhodi yakho yomthombo, futhi noma yiziphi izinguquko kuphrojekthi zizocupha izenzo ezisekelwe kulokho okucacisile. I-GitLab ne-GitLab-CI baqashelwa ngokufanelekile njengabaholi emkhakheni wokuhlanganiswa okuqhubekayo (CI-as-code).

Izinzuzo ezisemqoka

• Ukuthembeka - Umkhiqizo ubulokhu usemakethe kusukela ngo-2013; uzinzile; isekelwe kahle.
• Umthombo Ovulekile - Inguqulo yamahhala ye-GitLab ayikhawuli ukusebenza okubalulekile okudingwa amaqembu okuthuthukisa. Amaphakheji esevisi akhokhelwayo ahlinzeka ngezici ezengeziwe eziwusizo ezinkampanini ezinosayizi abahlukahlukene nezidingo.
• I-Engrained CI - Alikho elinye ithuluzi emakethe elakhe ukuhlanganiswa okuqhubekayo ngqo ku-SCM njenge-GitLab-CI. Ukusebenzisa i-Docker kuqinisekisa ukwakhiwa okukodwa okungenazinkinga, futhi imibiko eyakhelwe ngaphakathi yenza ukulungisa kube lula. Asidingi ukuhlanganiswa okuyinkimbinkimbi nokuphathwa kwamathuluzi amaningi ngesikhathi esisodwa.
• Ukuhlanganiswa Okungenamkhawulo - I-GitLab inikeza ukuhlanganiswa okulula kwawo wonke amathuluzi we-DevOps owadingayo. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi amaqembu okuthuthukisa nawokulungisa anomthombo owodwa wolwazi mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwawo kunoma iyiphi indawo.

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Wabamba iqhaza empini, kodwa akazange aphumelele

Akhona amanye amathuluzi adumile kulesi sigaba, kodwa awalungile njenge-GitLab. Futhi yingakho:

GitHub - Lolu uhlelo oluhle kakhulu lokulawula inguqulo ye-SaaS yezinkampani ezincane kanye nezigaba zokuqala zokuthuthuka. Ezinkampanini ezinkulu okubalulekile ukugcina amakheli e-IP kunethiwekhi yazo, okuwukuphela kwesixazululo esivela ku-GitHub kwaba umshini obonakalayo we-.OVA ngaphandle kokusekelwa kwezinhlelo zokutholakala okuphezulu. Lokhu kwenza ukulungiswa kwe-on-prem kube nzima; ngaphandle kwalokho, i-.OVA ifanele amabhizinisi anosayizi omaphakathi kuphela, ngaphandle kwalokho iseva izomane iphahlazeke ngaphansi komthwalo omkhulu. Ukushoda Kwezenzo ze-GitHub (kuze kube kamuva nje futhi okungakabi kunguqulo ye-on-prem) noma i-CI-njengekhodi kusho ukuthi udinga ukukhetha ithuluzi elihlukile le-CI bese uphatha lokho kuhlanganiswa. Ekugcineni, i-GitHub ibiza kakhulu kunanoma iyiphi inguqulo ye-GitLab.

Jenkins - Nakuba i-Jenkins ibhekwa njengendinganiso phakathi kwamathuluzi okuhlanganiswa aqhubekayo ngokuzenzakalela, ibilokhu ingenawo amandla okulawula inguqulo. Kuvele ukuthi usebenzisa i-Jenkins kanye nohlobo oluthile lwethuluzi le-SCM. Kunzima kakhulu lapho i-GitLab ingakwenza kokubili. Idizayini ye-Mediocre ye-UX ayilungele uhlelo lokusebenza lewebhu yesimanje futhi ishiya okuningi okufanele ukwenze.

I-BitBucket/Bamboo - Kumelwe ngimbone njengesahluleki esizenzakalelayo: kungani amathuluzi amabili lapho i-GitLab yenza yonke into ngokuzimela ngokuphelele. I-BitBucket Cloud isekela ukusebenza kwe-GitLab-CI/GitHub Action, kodwa ayikho inkampani enkulu kunesiqalisi esingasisebenzisa kalula. Iseva ye-BitBucket e-on-prem ayisekeli ngisho namapayipi e-BitBucket!

#1 Ithuluzi Lokuphatha Idatha

Owinile: I-FlywayDB

Ekuthuthukisweni kohlelo lokusebenza lwewebhu, i-automation yedatha ngokuvamile ayinikezwa ukubaluleka. Umqondo wokusebenzisa izinguquko ze-schema sedatha yezinguqulo ezintsha zohlelo lokusebenza ufika sekwephuzile. Izinguquko ze-schema ngokuvamile ziphumela ekwengezweni kwamakholomu noma amathebula futhi eqanjwe kabusha. Uma inguqulo yohlelo lokusebenza ingafani nenguqulo ye-schema, uhlelo lokusebenza lungaphahlazeka. Ukwengeza, ukuphatha izinguquko zesizindalwazi lapho ubuyekeza uhlelo lokusebenza kungaba inselele njengoba kunezinhlelo ezimbili ezihlukene. I-FlyWayDB ixazulula zonke lezi zinkinga.

Izinzuzo ezisemqoka

• Ukwakhiwa kwesizindalwazi - I-Flyway ikuvumela ukuthi udale izinguqulo zesizindalwazi, ulandelele ukufuduka kwesizindalwazi, futhi udlulise kalula noma ubuyisele izinguquko ze-schema ngaphandle kwethuluzi elengeziwe lalokhu.
• Kanambambili noma Okushumekiwe - Singakhetha ukusebenzisa i-Flyway njengengxenye yohlelo lokusebenza noma njengokusebenzisekayo kanambambili. I-Flyway ihlola ukuhambisana kwenguqulo ekuqaleni futhi iqala ukufuduka okufanele, igcine isizindalwazi nezinguqulo zohlelo lokusebenza zivunyelanisiwe. Ngokusebenzisa umyalo we-ad-hoc womugqa we-cmd, sinikeza ukuguquguquka kolwazi olukhona ngaphandle kokwakha kabusha lonke uhlelo lokusebenza.

Abancintiswano

Wabamba iqhaza empini, kodwa akazange aphumelele

Awekho amathuluzi amaningi kule ndawo. Ake sibheke ezinye zazo:

I-LiquiBase - I-Liquibase ifana ne-FlywayDB. Ngingathanda ukuyibeka phezu kwe-Flyway uma nginothile eqenjini lami onolwazi oluthe xaxa nge-Liquibase.

I-Flocker - Ingasebenzela kuphela izicelo ezifakwe iziqukathi. Ukuze usebenzise ngempumelelo imininingwane egciniwe eneziqukathi, yonke into kufanele ihlelwe kahle. Ngincoma ukusebenzisa i-RDS (Relational Database Service) kusizindalwazi futhi angeluleki ukugcina ulwazi olubalulekile esitsheni.

Hlola Amathuluzi Okuzenzakalela

Ake siqale ingxoxo yethu yamathuluzi okuhlola ezishintshayo ngokuwahlukanisa ngokusekelwe kuphiramidi yokuhlola.

Iphiramidi yokuhlola (izivivinyo) inamazinga ama-4:

• Ukuhlolwa Kweyunithi - Lesi isisekelo sayo yonke inqubo yokuhlola ezenzakalelayo. Kufanele kube nokuhlolwa kwamayunithi okwengeziwe uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zokuhlola. Onjiniyela babhala futhi baqhube ukuhlolwa kweyunithi ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi ingxenye yohlelo lokusebenza (eyaziwa ngokuthi "iyunithi") ihambisana nokwakheka kwayo futhi iziphatha ngendlela elindelekile.
• Ukuhlolwa Kwengxenye − Injongo eyinhloko yokuhlolwa kwengxenye iwukuqinisekisa okokufaka/ukuziphatha kwento yokuhlola. Kufanele siqinisekise ukuthi ukusebenza kwento yokuhlola kusetshenziswa ngendlela efanele ngokuya ngencazelo.
• Ukuhlolwa kokuhlanganisa - Uhlobo lokuhlola lapho amamojula esofthiwe ngayinye ahlanganiswa futhi ahlolwe njengeqembu.
• Ukuhlolwa Kokuphela Kuya Ekucineni - Lesi sinyathelo siyazichaza. Siqapha lonke uhlelo lokusebenza futhi siqinisekisa ukuthi lusebenza njengoba kuhleliwe.

Njengoba ukuhlolwa kweyunithi nokuhlolwa kwengxenye kwenziwa kuphela onjiniyela futhi ngokuvamile kuvame ukuqondisa ulimi oluthile, ngeke sihlole lawa mathuluzi esizindeni se-DevOps.

#1 Ithuluzi Lokuhlola Lokuhlanganisa

Owinile: Ikhukhamba

Ikhukhamba ihlanganisa imininingwane kanye nemibhalo yokuhlola ibe idokhumenti eyodwa ephilayo. Imininingwane ihlala isesikhathini njengoba ihlolwa ngokuzenzakalelayo yiCucumber. Uma ufuna ukwakha uhlaka lokuhlola oluzenzakalelayo kusukela ekuqaleni kanye nokuziphatha komsebenzisi oyimodeli kuhlelo lokusebenza lwewebhu, khona-ke i-Selenium WebDriver ene-Java kanye neCucumber BDD iyindlela enhle yokufunda nokusebenzisa i-Cucumber kuphrojekthi.

Izinzuzo ezisemqoka

• Indlela ye-BDD (Intuthuko Eqhutshwa Ukuziphatha - “intuthuko ngokuziphatha” ngokuphambene nendlela “yokuthuthukisa eqhutshwa ukuhlolwa”) - Ikhukhamba yakhelwe ukuhlola i-BDD, ekuqaleni yayidalelwe wona kanye lo msebenzi.
• Imibhalo Ephilayo - Ukubhalwa phansi kubuhlungu njalo! Njengoba ukuhlolwa kwakho kubhalwe njengekhodi, i-Cucumber ihlola amadokhumenti akhiqizwa ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi ukuhlolwa namadokhumenti kuyavunyelaniswa.
• Ukusekela - Singakhetha kumathuluzi amaningi, kodwa i-Cucumber inezinsiza zezezimali ezidingekayo kanye nesistimu yokusekela ehlelwe kahle yokusiza abasebenzisi kunoma yisiphi isimo esinzima.

Abancintiswano

Wabamba iqhaza empini, kodwa akazange aphumelele

Phakathi kwezinye izinhlaka namathuluzi aqondene nobuchwepheshe, Ikhukhamba kuphela elingabhekwa njengesixazululo sendawo yonke.

Amathuluzi Okuhlola Asekugcineni

Lapho wenza ukuhlola kokuphela, udinga ukugxila emaphuzwini amabili abalulekile:

• ukuhlolwa kokusebenza
• Ukuhlolwa Kwengcindezi.

Ekuhloleni okusebenzayo, sihlola ukuthi konke esikufunayo kuyenzeka ngempela yini. Isibonelo, uma ngichofoza kuzakhi ezithile ze-SPA yami (uhlelo lokusebenza lwekhasi elilodwa), gcwalisa amafomu bese ukhetha okuthi "Hambisa", idatha ivela kusizindalwazi bese umlayezo othi "Impumelelo!" uvela esikrinini.

Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi sihlole ukuthi inombolo ethile yabasebenzisi abasebenzisa isimo esifanayo ingacutshungulwa ngaphandle kwamaphutha.

Ukungabikho kwalezi zinhlobo ezi-2 zokuhlola kuzoba yisiphazamiso esibalulekile epayipini lakho le-CI/CD.

#1 ithuluzi lokuhlola ukuphela ukuya ekupheleni. Ukuhlola okusebenzayo

Owinile: I-SoapUI Pro

I-SoapUI ibilokhu isendaweni yokuhlola i-API isikhathi eside njengoba izinsiza zewebhu ezisuselwa ku-SOAP bekuyizinga elijwayelekile. Nakuba singasawadali amasevisi amasha e-SOAP futhi igama lethuluzi alikashintshi, lokho akusho ukuthi alikaguquki. I-SoapUI ihlinzeka ngohlaka oluhle kakhulu lokudala izivivinyo ezizenzakalelayo zokusebenza kwe-backend. Ukuhlola kungahlanganiswa kalula namathuluzi okuhlanganiswa okuqhubekayo futhi kusetshenziswe njengengxenye yepayipi le-CI/CD.

Izinzuzo ezisemqoka

• Imibhalo enemininingwane - I-SoapUI isinesikhathi eside ikhona emakethe, ngakho-ke ziningi izinsiza eziku-inthanethi ezingakusiza uqonde ukuthi ungazisetha kanjani izivivinyo.
• Ukusebenziseka Kalula - Nakuba ithuluzi lisekela amaphrothokholi amaningi okuhlola ama-API, ukuba khona kwe-SoapUI kwesixhumi esibonakalayo esivamile samasevisi amaningi kwenza ukubhala kube lula ukuhlola.

Abancintiswano

Wabamba iqhaza empini, kodwa akazange aphumelele

selenium kungenye insimbi enkulu kuleli qembu. Ngincoma ukuyisebenzisa uma wakha futhi usebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenza olususelwa ku-Java. Kodwa-ke, uma wakha uhlelo lokusebenza olugcwele lwewebhu olunobuchwepheshe obuningi, lungase lungabi namandla ezingxenyeni ezingezona eze-Java.

#1 ithuluzi lokuhlola ukuphela ukuya ekupheleni. Ukuhlolwa Kwengcindezi

Owinile: I-LoadRunner

Incazelo: Uma kufika isikhathi sokulayisha ukuhlola yonke into yohlelo lwakho lokusebenza, i-LoadRunner kuphela engaqedela umsebenzi. Yebo, kuyabiza futhi kunzima ekuqaleni, kodwa i-LoadRunner iwukuphela kwethuluzi elinginika, njengomakhi wezobuchwepheshe, ukuzethemba okuphelele kokuthi ikhodi entsha izosebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezicindezelayo zomthwalo. Futhi, ngicabanga ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sokuthi i-LoadRunner ithathwe amaqembu okuthuthukisa esikhundleni sokuhlola amaqembu.

Izinzuzo ezisemqoka

• Amadokhumenti abanzi - I-LoadRunner isinesikhathi eside ikhona, ngakho-ke ziningi izinsiza eziku-inthanethi ezingakusiza uqonde ukuthi ungasetha kanjani izivivinyo zokulayisha.
• Usekelo lwephrothokholi - Umgijimi Wokulayisha usekela yonke into kusukela ku-ODBC kuya ku-AJAX, i-HTTPS nanoma iyiphi enye iphrothokholi engabalulekile uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza olungase luyisebenzise. Sizama ukungasebenzisi amathuluzi amaningi ukuhlola umthwalo, njengoba lokhu kwenza inqubo ibe nzima.

Abancintiswano

Wabamba iqhaza empini, kodwa akazange aphumelele

Futhi, awekho amathuluzi amaningi wendawo yonke kule ndawo, ngakho isixazululo esingcono kakhulu yileso esizosebenza kunoma iyiphi indawo nganoma ibuphi ubuchwepheshe.

Amathuluzi okuthumela

Amathuluzi okuthumela cishe ayisici esiqondwa kancane sokuthuthukiswa. Eqenjini lemisebenzi elingenayo ukuqonda okujulile kwekhodi nokusebenza kohlelo lokusebenza, kunzima ukusebenzisa amathuluzi anjalo. Konjiniyela, ukuphathwa kokuthunyelwa kuwumthwalo omusha, ngakho-ke abakabi nalo ulwazi olwanele lokusebenza ngamathuluzi anjalo.

Okokuqala, ake sihlukanise wonke amathuluzi okusabalalisa abe yizigatshana ezintathu:

• ukuphathwa kwe-artifact
• ukuphathwa kokumisa
• sebenzisa.

#1 Ithuluzi Lokuphatha I-Artifact

Owinile: Nexus

Inqolobane ye-Nexus artifact isekela cishe bonke ubuchwepheshe obukhulu, kusukela ku-Java kuya ku-NPM kuya ku-Docker. Singasebenzisa leli thuluzi ukuze sigcine wonke ama-artifact esiwasebenzisayo. Ukwenza ama-proxy abaphathi bephakeji yesilawuli kude nakho kusheshisa kakhulu inqubo yokwakha ye-CI, okwenza amaphakheji afinyeleleke kalula ekwakheni. Enye inzuzo yikhono lokuthola umbono ophelele wawo wonke amaphakheji asetshenziswe kumaphrojekthi wesofthiwe amaningana, ukuvimbela amaphakheji womthombo ovulekile ongaphephile (angenza njenge-vector yokuhlasela).

Izinzuzo ezisemqoka

• Ukwesekwa kwezobuchwepheshe - Umkhiqizo onokwethenjelwa; isekelwe kahle.
• Umthombo Ovulekile - Inguqulo yamahhala ayikhawuli ukusebenza okubalulekile okudingwa amaqembu okuthuthukisa.

#1 Ithuluzi Lokuphatha Ukucushwa

Owinile: Ansible

U-Ansible ungumholi ngesizathu esisodwa esilula: ongenasimo. Ngaphambilini, amathuluzi afanayo ayegxile ekulawuleni isimo sokucushwa. Lapho yethulwa, ithuluzi elinjalo, selithole ukucushwa elikufunayo, lizozama ukulungisa ukumiswa kohlelo lokusebenza lwamanje. Futhi ngendlela entsha, izingxenye ezingenamthetho kuphela ezikhona. Izinguqulo ezintsha zekhodi zingama-artifact asetshenziswa ukuze amiselele akhona. Lokhu kungabhekwa njengohlobo lwendawo yesikhashana, yesikhashana.

Izinzuzo ezisemqoka

• I-stateless - I-Playbook yethulwa emshinini wokuphakelwa futhi isetshenziswa kumaseva aqondiwe. Akumele ngikhathazeke ngesimo sento ekude ngokusebenzisa ithuluzi elifana ne-Packer ukuze ngidale izinto ezisebenzisekayo.
• Umthombo Ovulekile - Njenge-CentOS, i-Ansible nayo isekelwa yi-RedHat. Isiza ukugcina umphakathi futhi inikeza ikhwalithi ephezulu, amamojula asebenziseka kalula.
• Ukuhlola nge-Molecule (uhlaka oluphathekayo) - Njengoba ukuphathwa kokumisa kuyikhodi, njengakho konke okunye, ukuhlola kubalulekile. Uhlaka lokuhlola indima ye-Molecule lusebenza ngokungenasici, luqinisekisa ukuthi ukulungiselelwa kuyikhwalithi efanayo futhi kulandela ipayipi elifanayo le-CI/CD njengekhodi yohlelo lokusebenza.
• I-YAML - Uma iqhathaniswa namanye amathuluzi, i-YAML iqondakala kalula. Njengoba ukuphathwa kokucushwa ngokuvamile kuyinselelo entsha kulabo abasebenzisa izinqubo ze-DevOps, ubulula yikhadi labo lecilongo.

Abancintiswano

Wabamba iqhaza empini, kodwa akazange aphumelele

I-OpsCode Chef - Ngiqale umsebenzi wami we-DevOps njengonjiniyela wezincwadi zokupheka. U-Ruby kanye noChef bathandeka kakhulu enhliziyweni yami, kodwa abazixazululi izinkinga zezinhlelo zokusebenza zesimanje ezingenazwe, ezitholakala kumafu. I-OpsCode Chef iyithuluzi elihle lezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi zendabuko, kodwa kulesi sihloko sigxile esikhathini esizayo.

Ipipi - IPuppet ayikaze ibe nabalandeli abaningi, ikakhulukazi uma iqhathaniswa noChef kanye no-Ansible. Kuhle kakhulu ekuhlinzekeni nasekusebenzeni ngezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha, kodwa akunalo ukwesekwa kokuphathwa kokucushwa kohlelo lokusebenza lwewebhu.

Ithuluzi lokuthumela #1

Owinile: I-Terraform

I-Terraform ixazulula inkinga yokuchaza ingqalasizinda yakho njengekhodi, kusukela ezingxenyeni zenethiwekhi kuya kuzithombe zeseva ezigcwele. Lo mkhiqizo usuhambe ibanga elide kusukela ekukhululweni kwawo kokuqala, nama-plugin amaningi adaliwe kanye nomphakathi oqinile owakhiwe kangangokuthi uzoqiniseka ukuthi uthola usizo kunoma yisiphi isimo sokuphakelwa. Ikhono lokusekela noma yiluphi uhlobo lwendawo (emagcekeni, emafini, noma kwenye indawo) alinakuqhathaniswa. Okokugcina, inguqulo yakamuva inikeza okuningi kokusebenza okunengqondo okufanayo kanye namakilasi ku-HCL njenganoma yiluphi olunye ulimi oluvamile lokuhlela, okwenza i-Terraform ibe lula ngonjiniyela ukuthi bayibambe ngokushesha nakalula.

Izinzuzo ezisemqoka

• I-Environmental agnostic - I-Terraform isebenzisa imisebenzi esebenza njengesixhumi esibonakalayo phakathi kwekhodi yakho ye-Terraform, wonke ama-API, nokucabanga kwangaphakathi ukuze uxhumane nomhlinzeki wengqalasizinda. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngizoba yingcweti kwethuluzi elilodwa nje bese ngisebenza noma yikuphi.
• Umthombo Ovulekile - Kunzima ukushaya amathuluzi wamahhala! Ukwesekwa komphakathi ezingeni eliphezulu.

Abancintiswano

Wabamba iqhaza empini, kodwa akazange aphumelele

I-AWS CloudFormation - Ngisho noma usebenza endaweni yamafu ye-AWS kuphela, umsebenzi wakho olandelayo ungase usebenzise ithuluzi elihlukile. Ukunikela sonke isikhathi namandla akho endaweni eyodwa nje kuyisinqumo esinombono omfushane. Ukwengeza, izinsiza eziningi ezintsha ze-AWS zivame ukutholakala njengamamojula e-Terraform ngaphambi kokuba atholakale ku-CloudFormation.

Amathuluzi esikhathi sokusebenza

Umgomo omkhulu wanoma iyiphi iphrojekthi yentuthuko ukwethula uhlelo lokusebenza ekukhiqizeni. Emhlabeni we-DevOps, sifuna ukuqaphela ngokugcwele zonke izinkinga ezingaba khona ngendawo yethu, futhi sifuna ukunciphisa ukungenelela mathupha. Ukukhetha isethi elungile yamathuluzi esikhathi sokusebenza kubalulekile ukuze kuzuzwe uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-nirvana.

Izigaba ezingaphansi zamathuluzi wesikhathi sokusebenza:

• I-X-as-a-service (XaaS)
• i-orchestration
• ukuqapha
• ukugawula.

Ithuluzi le-X-njengesevisi #1

Owinile: Ama-Web Web Services

I-Amazon ibilokhu ingumholi kubuchwepheshe bamafu, kodwa ayigcini lapho: izinhlobonhlobo zezinsizakalo ezintsha zabathuthukisi zivula amehlo. Letha noma ibuphi ubuchwepheshe nesifanekiso ku-AWS futhi izokwakhiwa futhi isebenze. Izindleko zethuluzi zinengqondo impela: ziqhathanise nokuhlanganisa, ukuphatha nokugcina okokusebenza esikhungweni sakho sedatha. Inguqulo yamahhala ikuvumela ukuthi uzame futhi wenze isinqumo esifanele ngaphambi kokusebenzisa imali.

Izinzuzo ezisemqoka

• Ukuvama - Uma unesipiliyoni sokwakha izinhlelo zokusebenza ku-AWS, ungasebenza noma yikuphi. Amabhizinisi ayayithanda i-AWS, futhi abaqalayo nabo bayakwazisa izindleko zayo eziphansi.
• Inguqulo yamahhala iyisici esibaluleke ngempela esenza i-AWS ihluke kontanga yayo. Ake ngizame isevisi futhi ngibone ukuthi isebenza kanjani ngaphambi kokuthi ngenze isinqumo sokuthenga, angifuni ukuchitha izinkulungwane zamadola kokuthile okungadingekile. Inguqulo yamahhala ihlala yanele ukuba ngihlole noma yimuphi umqondo.

Abancintiswano

Wabamba iqhaza empini, kodwa akazange aphumelele

I-Azure “I-Azure isihambe ibanga elide kusukela yakhululwa okokuqala, futhi kuyancomeka lokho. Nokho, isifiso sokwehluka siye sabangela ukuba kuqanjwe amagama angavamile ezinkonzo, okuvame ukwenza umsebenzi ube nzima. Kusho ukuthini "i-blob storage"? Futhi nakuba ikhodi ye-NET isebenza kangcono ku-ecosystem ye-Microsoft, cishe ngeke usebenzise i-.NET kuphela kuyo yonke ingxenye yohlelo lwakho lokusebenza.

Heroku - Angisoze ngagijima noma yini ngaphandle kwephrojekthi yomuntu siqu ku-Heroku ngenxa yezinga eliphansi lokuthembeka nokungafihli, ngakho izinkampani akufanele ziyisebenzise njengenkundla. I-Heroku inhle kakhulu ekuboniseni okuthile kubhulogi, kodwa ukuze isetshenziswe ngendlela engokoqobo - “Cha, ngiyabonga!”

#1 Ithuluzi Lomculo

Owinile: I-OpenShift

Cishe usebenzisa i-Docker noma ezinye iziqukathi kusitaki sakho sohlelo lokusebenza. Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingenaseva zinhle, kodwa zingase zingalingani zonke izakhiwo. Ukugijima iziqukathi ngaphandle kwenkundla ye-orchestration ngeke kusebenze. I-Kubernetes Core (K8s) ayinambangi mayelana nokuphepha kanye namathuluzi. I-OpenShift ukuphela kwenkundla esekelwe ku-Kubernetes engaqoqa i-Source2Image, isekela ukuthunyelwa okuzenzakalelayo kuma-pods, futhi isekela ukulandelela nokuqapha. I-OpenShift ingasebenza ku-prem, emafini, noma ku-prem nasefwini ngesikhathi esifanayo.

Izinzuzo ezisemqoka

• Ukuphepha Okwakhelwe Ngaphakathi - Ukuphatha ukuphepha kwe-K8s kungase kudinge iziqu eziphakeme. Yonke imininingwane kufanele icatshangelwe ngokucophelela futhi inakwe! Izindlela zokuphepha ezakhelwe ngaphakathi ngokuzenzakalelayo nge-OpenShift zisusa umthwalo kubathuthukisi futhi zinikeze inkundla evikeleke kakhudlwana yezinhlelo zokusebenza.
• Isixazululo se-All-in-one - Ngokungafani nama-K8 ayisisekelo, angafaki amathuluzi okulinganisa umthwalo ngokuzenzakalelayo, i-OpenShift inakho konke. Ngingayisebenzisa ukuze ngidale futhi ngiphathe iziqukathi, ngisebenzise amathuluzi e-CI/CD, ngilawule izinqubo zangaphandle, ngiphathe okhiye, nokunye okuningi. Nakuba i-graphical interface yomsebenzisi isekude nokuphelela, indlela esekelwe ku-API isho ukuthi yonke into ingachazwa kuskripthi. Ngokungafani namanye ama-GUI we-K8s, i-OpenShift yenza ukufunda izisekelo ze-Kubernetes kube lula kakhulu. Awudingi ngisho nokuthola iziqu!

Abancintiswano

Wabamba iqhaza empini, kodwa akazange aphumelele

I-Docker Swarm - I-Docker Swarm izamile ukwenza ama-K8 abe lula ngokususa izinto eziningi. Ilungele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezincane, kepha ezinhlelweni zebhizinisi ayisebenzi. Ukwengeza, izixazululo ezifana ne-AWS ECS zithatha indlela efanayo kodwa zenza kube lula ukusebenza nezinye izinsizakalo engingakwazi futhi ukuxhumana nazo (Lambda, IAM, njll.).

Ithuluzi lokuqapha #1

Owinile: I-Relic entsha

Ukukhishwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kwe-New Relic kwenze into eyodwa kahle - ukuqapha kwe-APM (Application Performance Monitoring). Manje isiyithuluzi eligcwele lokuqapha elikuvumela ukuthi uqaphe iseva, isiqukathi, ukusebenza kwesizindalwazi, ukuqapha ulwazi lomsebenzisi wokugcina, futhi vele, ukuqapha ukusebenza kohlelo lokusebenza.

Izinzuzo ezisemqoka

• Ukusebenziseka Kalula - Ngesikhathi ngisebenza njengonjiniyela wezinhlelo, ngasebenzisa amathuluzi amaningi okuqapha, kodwa angikaze ngihlangabezane nelilodwa elilula nelilula ukulisebenzisa njenge-New Relic. I-SaaS, ngakho-ke awudingi ukuyifaka ngokwakho.
• Ukubonakala ekupheleni kuya ekupheleni - Amanye amathuluzi azama ukugada into eyodwa ethile yohlelo lwakho lokusebenza. Isibonelo, i-metric yokusetshenziswa kwephrosesa noma ithrafikhi yenethiwekhi, kodwa konke lokhu kufanele kuqashelwe ngokugcwele ukuze uhlelo lokusebenza lusebenze kahle. I-Relic Entsha ikunikeza ikhono lokuhlanganisa yonke idatha yakho ukuze uthole umbono ophelele walokho okwenzekayo.

Abancintiswano

Wabamba iqhaza empini, kodwa akazange aphumelele

Zabbix - Uhlelo lwami lokuqala noluyintandokazi lokuqapha, kodwa luye lwahlala esikhathini esidlule ngenxa yokuntuleka kwentuthuko kubuchwepheshe bamafu nasemkhakheni wokuqapha ukusebenza kwesicelo se-APM. I-Zabbix isakwenza kahle ukuqapha kwengqalasizinda yeseva yendabuko, kodwa imayelana nayo.

I-DataDog - Kugxilwe kakhulu kwinqubo yokuphatha indawo yokukhiqiza yesicelo, hhayi kukhodi ngokwayo. Ngamaqembu e-DevOps afaka onjiniyela, akudingekile ukuthi sithembele kumathuluzi okunzima ukuwasebenzisa ukuze sinikeze usekelo lwezinga eliphezulu.

Ithuluzi lokungena #1

Owinile: I-splunk

Kunzima ukuncintisana no-Splunk! Isikhathi eside uhlala ehamba phambili ekugawulweni kwemithi, eqhubeka ekwenza kangcono kunanoma ubani omunye. Ngokunikezwa kwe-on-prem ne-SaaS, ungasebenzisa i-Splunk noma yikuphi. Okubi kakhulu yintengo yayo: I-Splunk isabiza kakhulu!

Izinzuzo ezisemqoka

• Ukusabalalisa - Amabhizinisi ayayithanda i-Splunk, futhi izinkampani zinemali yokuyithenga.
• Nakuba ukuqalisa kuzama ukubuyisela izindleko, imisebenzi eminingi ingaxazululwa ngenxa yama-analogue omthombo ovulekile.
• Ukugcinwa - Kalula nje, i-Splunk iyasebenza futhi iyenza kahle. Iza nezilungiselelo eziningi ezizenzakalelayo nezici ezilungele ukusetshenziswa. Asikho isidingo sokuchitha isikhathi ufunda imibhalo futhi uzama ukwenza u-Splunk asebenze noma achaze noma yini.

Abancintiswano

Wabamba iqhaza empini, kodwa akazange aphumelele

I-ELK Stack (ElasticSearch, LogStash ne-Kibana) "Lawa mathuluzi abonakala eyintandokazi ngoba asikho isidingo sokuthi udayise isibindi sakho ukuze uwasebenzise." Kodwa-ke, njengoba isethi yamalogi ikhula futhi nenani lezicelo ebhodini likhula, umsebenzi uba nzima nakakhulu. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-Splunk, nge-ELK Stack ngichithe isikhathi esiningi ngihlela amathuluzi ngaphambi kokudala noma yimaphi amadeshibhodi kunangaphambili.

Amathuluzi Okubambisana

I-DevOps imayelana nokushintsha isiko ngaphakathi kwenhlangano. Ukuthenga noma yiliphi ithuluzi ngeke kuguqule izinqubo zamanje ngobusuku obubodwa, kodwa ngokuqinisekile kungakhuthaza ukubambisana nezindlela ezintsha zokuxhumana.

Izigaba zamathuluzi okubambisana:

• ukulandelela umsebenzi
• I-ChatOps
• imibhalo.

#1 Ithuluzi Lokulandela Inkinga

Owinile: Jira

I-Jira igcina isikhundla sayo sobuholi, nakuba ukuncintisana kule ndawo kuyanda. Ukuguquguquka okumangalisayo kukaJira kuvumela amaqembu okuthuthukisa nawokulungisa ukuthi aphathe umsebenzi wephrojekthi nemisebenzi ye-sprint. Izindinganiso ezakhelwe ngaphakathi zisebenzisa amagama e-Agile enza kube lula ukusuka ezindleleni ezivamile zokusebenza ukuya ezinqubweni ezisebenza kahle kakhulu.

Izinzuzo ezisemqoka

• Ukuduma - Njengamanye amathuluzi amaningi, iJira isetshenziswa cishe yonke indawo. Amaqembu amancane asebenzisa inguqulo eshibhile, efinyeleleka kalula futhi athole yonke into ayidingayo, kuyilapho izinkampani ezinkulu zingakwazi ukukhokhela ilayisense ebiza kakhulu.
• Ukuhlanganiswa - UJira uyingqalabutho emkhakheni wayo. Leli qiniso kanye nokuthuthukiswa okusheshayo komkhiqizo kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi ezinye izinkampani zikhetha i-Jira ukuze zenze ukuhlanganiswa kwazo, ngaleyo ndlela zandise inani lethuluzi. Singakwazi ukuhlanganisa i-Jira nawo wonke amathuluzi abhalwe kulesi sihloko ngaphandle kwebhokisi ngokucushwa okuncane.

Abancintiswano

Wabamba iqhaza empini, kodwa akazange aphumelele

Trello - I-Trello yasheshe yaduma ngenxa yethuluzi layo lamahhala le-Kanban. Kodwa-ke, uma izinqubo zilinganisa futhi usuka emisebenzini eminingi uye ezinkulungwaneni, i-Trello iba nzima ukuyizulazula, ukucinga, nokubika ngayo.

I-Tracker ephawulekayo - Bengingumlandeli omkhulu waleli thuluzi ngenkathi ngisebenzela ukuqalisa. Nokho, i-Pivotal Tracker igxile kakhulu ekuphathweni komkhiqizo kunemisebenzi yobuchwepheshe. Nakuba ukuphathwa komkhiqizo e-Jira kuyinkimbinkimbi kancane, kusengasebenza lapho ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ithuluzi elengeziwe.

Ithuluzi le-ChatOps #1

Owinile: MatterMost

Incazelo: Mhlawumbe isimanga esikhulu kuwe ekukhetheni kwami, futhi izindaba ezinhle lezo! I-MatterMost ithole ukuduma ngokuthatha okuhle kakhulu kumathuluzi wangaphambilini kodwa iwabeke ku-prem. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezinkampanini: I-MatterMost ikuvumela ukuthi ulawule idatha yakho futhi ikusiza ukuthi uyihlanganise namathuluzi asebenza endaweni. Asisadingi ukuphuma ngaphandle kwe-firewall ukuze sihlole izingxoxo zomsebenzi.

Izinzuzo ezisemqoka

• Umthombo Ovulekile - Inguqulo yomthombo ovulekile ye-MatterMost isebenza kahle kuwo womabili amaqembu aphakathi nendawo namakhulu. Ngokungafani nohlelo lwamahhala luka-Slack, olususa umlando wakho womlayezo, ukusebenzisa iseva yakho kusho ukuthi ugcina yonke idatha yakho.
• Ukuhlanganiswa - Njengoba i-API icishe isekelwe ku-100% ku-Slack API, cishe konke ukuhlanganiswa kwe-Slack kungasetshenziswa ngokuqondile ne-MatterMost.

Abancintiswano

Wabamba iqhaza empini, kodwa akazange aphumelele

ukuxega - I-Slack ipholile, kodwa laba bafana bakhule kakhulu kangangokuthi baqala ukufuna inzuzo. Isigaba senkokhelo sebhizinisi siyasondela, esisusa inani lazo eliyinhloko: I-Slack ihlinzeke ngezinsizakalo mahhala; Ububi obubaluleke kakhulu benguqulo yamahhala ukususwa komlando wengxoxo.

Amaqembu e-Microsoft — Zama ukuhlanganisa umkhiqizo we-Microsoft nento okungeyona eye-Microsoft... Sikufisela inhlanhla! Yilokho kuphela engikushoyo ngaleli thuluzi!

Ithuluzi Lokubhala Amadokhumenti #1

Owinile: Ukukholisa

Ukudala nokugcina imibhalo yezobuchwepheshe eyikhwalithi kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usebenzisa liphi ithuluzi. Nakuba amathuluzi amaningi emibhalo ye-SaaS efikile emakethe muva nje, ngingakuthola kunzima ukukhipha isitoreji semibhalo yezobuchwepheshe mayelana nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezibucayi zemishini kumuntu wesithathu. Kungcono ukugcina idatha namadokhumenti ku-prem, futhi yile ndlela i-Confluence ekuxazulula ngayo.

Izinzuzo ezisemqoka

• Kulula ukusebenza - Amathuluzi amaningi azimele wodwa angaba yinkimbinkimbi kancane ukusethwa nokusebenza futhi adinga ulwazi oluthile ukuze uwagcine. I-Confluence Server isebenza kahle ngaphandle kwebhokisi kubasebenzisi abayi-10 noma abangu-10,000.
• Ama-plugin - I-Kudos to Confluence ngokuba nokuzulazula okuhle, okulula ukukusebenzisa ngaphandle kwebhokisi, kanye nekhono lokwengeza i-plugin cishe yonke into kuvula amandla afana ne-Wiki.

Abancintiswano

Wabamba iqhaza empini, kodwa akazange aphumelele

Funda amadokhumenti - Kuyaphola ngomthombo ovulekile, kodwa ungacabangi ngisho nokugcina ulwazi olubalulekile lapha.

Ukumakwa - Ilungele ukubhala ikhodi, kodwa kunzima ukuthumela izakhiwo, izinqubo, noma ezinye izinhlobo zemibhalo ngenxa yokufometha okuqondile kuka-MarkDown.

Jekyll - Uma ngibhala ulwazi lobuchwepheshe, angifuni ukwakha isayithi elisha elingashintshi elizosetshenziswa njalo uma kunoshintsho. Isistimu yokulawula inguqulo elula ye-Confluence yenza imibhalo yangaphakathi ibe lula kakhulu.

Ake sibambe imiphumela

Kunamakhulu amathuluzi e-DevOps emakethe, okwenza kube nzima ukwazi ukuthi yimaphi okufanele asetshenziswe nokuthi kufanele asetshenziswe nini. Landela lo mhlahlandlela olula wokukhetha amathuluzi we-DevOps wepayipi eliphelele le-CI/CD.

Qiniseka ukuthi ukhetha amathuluzi kuzo zonke izigaba ezinhlanu:

• ukuthuthukiswa nokwakha amathuluzi
• amathuluzi okuhlola okuzenzakalelayo
• amathuluzi okuthumela
• Amathuluzi esikhathi sokusebenza
• amathuluzi okubambisana.

Isincomo esikhulu: Yenza konke ngokuzenzakalelayo!

Siyabonga Zach Shapiro!

Source: www.habr.com