Sake sahlinzeka ngohlelo lokuphatha amadokhumenti e-elekthronikhi ekhasimendeni endaweni eyodwa. Bese kuba kwenye into. Nokunye futhi. nangolwesine, nangolwesihlanu. Sathatheka kangangokuthi safinyelela ezintweni ezingu-10 ezisabalalisiwe. Kuvele ngamandla... ikakhulukazi uma sifika ekuletheni izinguquko. Njengengxenye yokulethwa kwesekethe yokukhiqiza, izimo ezi-5 zohlelo lokuhlola ekugcineni zidinga amahora ayi-10 kanye nabasebenzi abayi-6-7. Izindleko ezinjalo zisiphoqelele ukuba senze ukudiliva ngendlela engavamile ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu yokusebenza, asikwazanga ukubekezelela futhi sanquma ukufaka izinongo ngephrojekthi nge-DevOps encane.
Manje konke ukuhlolwa kwenzeka emahoreni angu-3, ββfuthi abantu abangu-3 babamba iqhaza kukho: unjiniyela nabahloli ababili. Ukuthuthukiswa kuvezwa ngokucacile ngezinombolo futhi kuholela ekunciphiseni kwe-TTM ethandwa kakhulu. Ngokwazi kwethu, kunamakhasimende amaningi angazuza ku-DevOps kunalawo azi ngayo. Ngakho-ke, ukusondeza i-DevOps kubantu, senze umakhi olula, esizokhuluma ngaye ngokuningiliziwe kulokhu okuthunyelwe.
Manje ake sikutshele kabanzi. Enye inkampani yamandla isebenzisa uhlelo lokuphatha imibhalo yezobuchwepheshe ezikhungweni ezinkulu eziyi-10. Akulula ukuzulazula kumaphrojekthi alesi sikali ngaphandle kwe-DevOps, ngoba ingxenye enkulu yomsebenzi wezandla ibambezela kakhulu umsebenzi futhi yehlisa ikhwalithi - wonke umsebenzi wezandla ugcwele amaphutha. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukhona amaphrojekthi lapho kukhona ukufakwa okukodwa kuphela, kodwa yonke into idinga ukusebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo, njalo futhi ngaphandle kokuhluleka - isibonelo, izinhlelo ezifanayo zokugeleza kwedokhumenti ezinhlanganweni ezinkulu ze-monolithic. Uma kungenjalo, othile uzokwenza izilungiselelo ngesandla, akhohlwe ngemiyalelo yokuthunyelwa - futhi ngenxa yalokho, ekukhiqizeni izilungiselelo zizolahleka futhi konke kuzowa.
Ngokuvamile sisebenza nekhasimende ngenkontileka, futhi kulokhu okuthakaselayo kwethu kuyahluka kancane. Ikhasimende libheka iphrojekthi ngokuqinile ngaphakathi kwesabelomali kanye nemininingwane yobuchwepheshe. Kungaba nzima ukumchazela izinzuzo zemikhuba ehlukahlukene ye-DevOps engafakiwe ekucacisweni kobuchwepheshe. Kuthiwani uma enentshisekelo ekukhishweni okusheshayo ngenani lebhizinisi elengeziwe, noma ekwakheni ipayipi elizishintshayo?
Maye, lapho usebenza ngezindleko ezigunyazwe ngaphambilini, le nzalo ayitholakali njalo. Emsebenzini wethu, kwaba khona icala lapho sekufanele sithathe ukuthuthukiswa kosonkontileka ongathembekile futhi ongenandaba. Bekukubi: awekho amakhodi omthombo asesikhathini samanje, isisekelo sekhodi yesistimu efanayo besihlukile ekufakweni okuhlukile, amadokhumenti abengekho ngokwengxenye, futhi ngokwengxenye enekhwalithi embi kakhulu. Yiqiniso, ikhasimende alikwazanga ukulawula ikhodi yomthombo, ukuhlanganisa, ukukhishwa, njll.
Kuze kube manje, akuwona wonke umuntu owaziyo nge-DevOps, kodwa ngokushesha nje lapho sikhuluma ngezinzuzo zayo, mayelana nokonga kwensiza yangempela, amehlo awo wonke amakhasimende akhanya. Ngakho-ke inani lezicelo ezifaka i-DevOps liyakhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lapha, ukuze sikhulume kalula ulimi olufanayo namakhasimende, sidinga ukuxhuma ngokushesha izinkinga zebhizinisi kanye nezinqubo ze-DevOps ezizosiza ukwakha ipayipi lokuthuthukisa elifanele.
Ngakho-ke, sinesethi yezinkinga ngakolunye uhlangothi, sinolwazi lwe-DevOps, imikhuba namathuluzi ngakolunye. Kungani ungabelani ngesipiliyoni nawo wonke umuntu?
Ukudala umakhi we-DevOps
I-Agile ine-manifesto yayo. I-ITIL inendlela yayo. I-DevOps inenhlanhla encane - ayikatholi izifanekiso namazinga. Nakuba ukunquma ukuvuthwa kwezinkampani ngokusekelwe ekuhloleni ukuthuthukiswa kwazo kanye nezinqubo zokusebenza.
Ngenhlanhla, inkampani eyaziwa Gartner ngo-2014 futhi yahlaziya izinqubo ezibalulekile ze-DevOps kanye nobudlelwano phakathi kwazo. Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, ngikhiphe i-infographic:
Sakuthatha njengesisekelo sethu . Indawo ngayinye kwezine ineqoqo lamathuluzi - siziqoqele kusizindalwazi, sahlonza ezidume kakhulu, izindawo zokuhlanganisa ezihlonziwe kanye nezindlela ezifanele zokuthuthukisa. Sekukonke kwavela Izenzo ezingama-36 namathuluzi ayi-115, ingxenye yesine yayo ingumthombo ovulekile noma isofthiwe yamahhala. Okulandelayo, sizokhuluma ngalokho esikuzuzile endaweni ngayinye futhi, njengesibonelo, mayelana nokuthi lokhu kwaqaliswa kanjani kuphrojekthi ukudala ukuphathwa kwedokhumenti yezobuchwepheshe, esaqala ngayo okuthunyelwe.
Izinqubo
Kuphrojekthi ye-EDMS edume kabi, uhlelo lokuphathwa kwemibhalo yezobuchwepheshe lwasetshenziswa ngokulandela uhlelo olufanayo ezintweni eziyi-10. Ukufakwa kuhlanganisa amaseva angu-4: iseva yedathabhesi, iseva yohlelo lokusebenza, ukukhomba umbhalo ogcwele kanye nokuphathwa kokuqukethwe. Ekufakeni, zisebenza ngaphakathi kwe-node eyodwa futhi zitholakala esikhungweni sedatha ezindaweni. Zonke izinto zihluka kancane kungqalasizinda, kodwa lokhu akuphazamisi ukusebenzisana komhlaba.
Okokuqala, ngokwezinqubo ze-DevOps, senza ingqalasizinda ngokuzenzakalelayo endaweni, bese silethe ukulethwa kumjikelezo wokuhlola, bese kuba kumkhiqizo wekhasimende. Inqubo ngayinye yenziwa isinyathelo ngesinyathelo. Izilungiselelo zemvelo zilungisiwe ohlelweni lwekhodi yomthombo, kucatshangelwa ukuthi ikhithi yokusabalalisa ihlanganiswa ukuze ibuyekezwe ngokuzenzekelayo. Uma kwenzeka izinguquko zokumisa, onjiniyela bamane badinga ukwenza izinguquko ezifanele ohlelweni lokulawula inguqulo - bese ukuvuselela okuzenzakalelayo kuzokwenzeka ngaphandle kwezinkinga.
Ngenxa yale ndlela, inqubo yokuhlola yenziwe yaba lula kakhulu. Ngaphambilini, iphrojekthi yayinabahloli abangazange benze lutho ngaphandle kokubuyekeza izitendi mathupha. Manje bafika nje, babone ukuthi yonke into iyasebenza futhi benza izinto eziwusizo kakhulu. Isibuyekezo ngasinye sivivinywa ngokuzenzakalelayo - kusukela kuzinga eliphezulu kuya ku-automation yesimo sebhizinisi. Imiphumela ithunyelwe njengemibiko ehlukene ku-TestRail.
Amasiko
Ukuhlola okuqhubekayo kuchazwa kangcono ngesibonelo somklamo wokuhlola. Ukuhlola uhlelo olungekho okwamanje kuwumsebenzi wokudala. Lapho ubhala uhlelo lokuhlola, udinga ukuqonda indlela yokuhlola ngendlela efanele nokuthi imaphi amagatsha okufanele alandelwe. Futhi uthole ibhalansi phakathi kwesikhathi nesabelomali ukuze unqume inani eliphelele lamasheke. Kubalulekile ukukhetha ngqo izivivinyo ezidingekayo, cabanga ukuthi umsebenzisi uzosebenzisana kanjani nesistimu, acabangele imvelo kanye nezici zangaphandle ezingenzeka. Akunakwenzeka ukwenza ngaphandle kokuhlola okuqhubekayo.
Manje mayelana nesiko lokusebenzisana. Ngaphambili, kwakukhona izinhlangothi ezimbili eziphikisanayo - onjiniyela nabathuthukisi. Abathuthukisi bathi: βAsinandaba nokuthi izokwethulwa kanjani. Ningonjiniyela, nihlakaniphile, qinisekani ukuthi isebenza ngaphandle kokwehluleka". Onjiniyela baphendula: βNina bonjiniyela aninaki kakhulu. Masiqaphele kakhulu, futhi sizodlala okukhishiwe kwakho izikhathi ezimbalwa. Ngoba ngaso sonke isikhathi uma usinikeza ikhodi evuzayo, akusicaceli ukuthi kufanele sihlanganyele kanjani.β. Lena indaba yokusebenzelana kwamasiko eyakhiwe ngokwehlukile kumbono we-DevOps. Lapha, bobabili onjiniyela nabathuthukisi bayingxenye yeqembu elilodwa eligxile ekushintsheni njalo, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo isofthiwe ethembekile.
Eqenjini elifanayo, ochwepheshe bazimisele ukusizana. Njengoba kwakunjalo ngaphambili? Isibonelo, eminye imiyalelo ewugqinsi yokuthunyelwa yayilungiswa, cishe amakhasi angu-50. Unjiniyela wayifunda, akazange aqonde okuthile, wathuka futhi wacela umthuthukisi ngehora lesithathu ekuseni ukuba aphawule. Umthuthukisi ubeke amazwana futhi wathuka - ekugcineni, akekho owayejabule. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokwemvelo, kwakukhona amaphutha, ngoba awukwazi ukukhumbula yonke into emiyalweni. Futhi manje unjiniyela, kanye nonjiniyela, ubhala iskripthi sokuthunyelwa okuzenzakalelayo kwengqalasizinda yesoftware yohlelo lokusebenza. Futhi bakhuluma bodwa ngolimi olufanayo.
Abantu
Usayizi weqembu unqunywa ububanzi besibuyekezo. Ithimba liqashwa ngesikhathi kwakhiwa ukulethwa, kufaka phakathi labo abanentshisekelo eqenjini elijwayelekile lephrojekthi. Bese kubhalwa uhlelo lokubuyekeza nalabo ababhekele isigaba ngasinye, bese ithimba libika njengoba liqhubeka. Wonke amalungu eqembu ayashintshana. Njengengxenye yeqembu, siphinde sibe nonjiniyela oyisipele, kodwa cishe akadingeki ukuthi axhume.
of technology
Emdwebeni wezobuchwepheshe, amaphuzu ambalwa agqanyisiwe, kodwa ngaphansi kwawo kunenqwaba yobuchwepheshe - ungashicilela incwadi yonke enezincazelo zabo. Ngakho sizogqamisa okuthakasela kakhulu.
Ingqalasizinda njengeKhodi
Manje, mhlawumbe, lo mbono ngeke umangaze noma ubani, kodwa ngaphambilini izincazelo zengqalasizinda zishiye okuningi okufanele zifiswe. , izindawo zokuhlola zaziyingqayizivele, zaziswa futhi zaziswa, izinhlayiya zothuli zaziphephethwa kuzo.
Kulezi zinsuku akekho owesabayo ukuzama. Kunezithombe eziyisisekelo zemishini ebonakalayo, kunezimo ezenziwe ngomumo zokuthumela izindawo. Zonke izifanekiso nezikripthi zigcinwa kusistimu yokulawula inguqulo futhi zibuyekezwa ngokushesha. Ngaphambilini, lapho kudingekile ukuletha iphakheji endaweni yokuma, igebe lokucushwa livele. Manje udinga nje ukwengeza umugqa kukhodi yomthombo.
Ukwengeza emibhalweni yengqalasizinda kanye namapayipi, Indlela Yokwenza Imibhalo njengendlela Yekhodi nayo iyasetshenziswa ekubhalweni. Ngenxa yalokhu, kulula ukuxhuma abantu abasha kuphrojekthi, ubethule ohlelweni ngokusekelwe emisebenzini echazwe, isibonelo, ohlelweni lokuhlola, futhi uphinde usebenzise amacala okuhlola.
Ukulethwa okuqhubekayo nokuqapha
mayelana ne-DevOps, sikhulume ngokuthi sikhethe kanjani amathuluzi wokuqalisa ukulethwa nokuqapha okuqhubekayo. Ngokuvamile asikho isidingo sokubhala kabusha noma yini - kwanele ukusebenzisa izikripthi ezibhalwe ngaphambili, ukwakha ngokufanele ukuhlanganiswa phakathi kwezingxenye futhi udale ikhonsoli evamile yokuphatha. Futhi zonke izinqubo zingaqaliswa kusetshenziswa inkinobho eyodwa noma isimiso.
NgesiNgisi kunemiqondo ehlukene, Ukulethwa Okuqhubekayo kanye Nokuthunyelwa Okuqhubekayo. Kokubili kungahunyushwa ngokuthi βukulethwa okuqhubekayoβ, kodwa empeleni kunomehluko omncane phakathi kwabo. Kuphrojekthi yethu yokugeleza kwedokhumenti yezobuchwepheshe yenkampani yamandla esabalalisiwe, kunalokho, kusetshenziswa ukulethwa - lapho ukufakwa kokukhiqiza kwenzeka ngomyalo. Ku-Deployment, ukufakwa kwenzeka ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ukulethwa Okuqhubekayo kule phrojekthi sekujwayelekile ingxenye emaphakathi ye-DevOps.
Ngokuvamile, ngokuqoqa amapharamitha athile, ungaqonda ngokucacile ukuthi kungani izinqubo ze-DevOps ziwusizo. Futhi udlulisele lokhu kubaphathi, abathanda izinombolo ngempela. Isamba senani lokuqaliswa, isikhathi sokwenziwa kwezigaba zombhalo, isabelo sokwethulwa ngempumelelo - konke lokhu kuthinta ngokuqondile isikhathi esiyintandokazi yawo wonke umuntu sokumaketha, okungukuthi, isikhathi esisuka ekuzinikeleni ohlelweni lokulawula inguqulo kuya ekukhishweni kwenguqulo indawo yokukhiqiza. Ngokusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi adingekayo, onjiniyela bathola izinkomba ezibalulekile ngeposi, futhi umphathi wephrojekthi uzibona kudeshibhodi. Ngale ndlela ungakwazi ngokushesha ukuhlola izinzuzo zamathuluzi amasha. Futhi ungazama kungqalasizinda yakho usebenzisa umklami we-DevOps.
Ozodinga wethu ?
Ake singazenzisi: okokuqala, waba usizo kithi. Njengoba sesishilo, udinga ukukhuluma ulimi olufanayo nekhasimende, futhi ngosizo lomklami we-DevOps singakwazi ukudweba ngokushesha isisekelo sengxoxo enjalo. Ochwepheshe bebhizinisi bazokwazi ukuzihlolela bona ukuthi yini abayidingayo futhi ngaleyo ndlela bathuthuke ngokushesha. Sizamile ukwenza umklami anemininingwane eminingi ngangokunokwenzeka, sengeza inqwaba yezincazelo ukuze noma yimuphi umsebenzisi aqonde ukuthi yini ayikhethayo.
Ifomethi yomklami ikuvumela ukuthi ucabangele ukuthuthukiswa okukhona kwenkampani ezinkambisweni zokwakha kanye ne-automation. Asikho isidingo sokudiliza yonke into futhi uyakhe kabusha uma ungakhetha kuphela izixazululo ezihlanganisa kahle nezinqubo ezikhona futhi ezingamane zigcwalise izikhala.
Mhlawumbe ukuthuthukiswa kwakho sekuvele kudlulele ezingeni eliphezulu futhi ithuluzi lethu lizobonakala futhi "likakapteni". Kodwa sikuthola kuwusizo kithi futhi sithemba ukuthi kuzoba usizo kwabanye babafundi. Siyakukhumbuza kumklami - uma kukhona, uthola umdwebo ngokushesha ngemva kokufaka idatha yokuqala. Sizoyibonga impendulo yakho kanye nezengezo zakho.
Source: www.habr.com