Ngomhla zingama-27 kuLwezi, 1923, izifundi zomsakazo zaseMelika uJohn L. Reinartz (1QP) kanye noFred H. Schnell (1MO) baqhuba ukuxhumana kwezindlela ezimbili zomsakazo we-transatlantic no-opharetha womsakazo oyimfundamakhwela waseFrance u-Leon Deloy (F8AB) ngobude obungamamitha ayi-100. Lokhu umcimbi ube nomthelela omkhulu ekuthuthukisweni komnyakazo wemisakazo oyimfundamakhwela womhlaba kanye nezokuxhumana ngomsakazo wamagagasi amafushane. Esinye sezici ezibalulekile ezinomthelela empumelelweni kwaba ukucolisiswa kuka-Schnell noReinartz kwesekhethi yokwamukela umsakazo evuselelayo ka-Armstrong. Ukuthuthukiswa kube yimpumelelo kangangokuthi amagama "Schnell" kanye "Reinartz" aba amagama omndeni wemiklamo yabamukeli abafanayo.
BekuyiReinartz ejwayelekile...
I-Wikipedia eyazi konke ayikwazanga ukungitshela lutho ngoJohn Reinartz. Le ndaba yomlando ibhalwe ngemva kokushicilelwa okuhlakazekile yizifundiswa zomsakazo zaseMelika, kanye nezincwadi ezivela kumagazini kaJanuwari we-QST ka-1924 kanye nokukhishwa kuka-23-24 kumagazini iRadio Amateur ngo-1926.
UJohn Reinartz wazalwa ngo-March 6, 1894 eJalimane. Ngo-1904, abakwaReinart basuka eJalimane baya eNingizimu Manchester, eConnecticut, eU.SA. Ngo-1908, uJohn waba nesithakazelo emsakazweni, futhi ngo-1915 waba ngomunye wabokuqala ezweni abajoyina i-US National Association of Amateur Radio (ARRL).
Inkathi yolwazi lwamaza omsakazo yayisiqalile. Kokubili amalabhorethri ahamba phambili emhlabeni kanye nabashisekeli abajwayelekile bebefuna izixazululo zobuchwepheshe zokwamukela umsakazo kanye nezisetshenziswa ezisakaza umsakazo. Njengoba ngike ngabhala ezihlokweni ezedlule ochungechungeni, amajeneretha emishini kagesi kanye nama-crystal detectors abese ethathelwa indawo ngezixazululo ezisekelwe kumashubhu e-vacuum.
Enye yentuthuko yangaleso sikhathi kwaba ukusungulwa isamukeli somsakazo esivuselelayo. Isixazululo sasilula, sishibhile, futhi senza kwaba nokwenzeka ukwakha idivayisi yokwamukela umsakazo webanga elide kusetshenziswa ishubhu elilodwa lomsakazo. Ubunzima babusekulungisweni komshini wokuma kwekhoyili yempendulo. Lapho imvamisa yokwamukela iphezulu, kulapho lesi silungiselelo siphenduke βsibiβ kakhulu.
UJohn Reinartz uthuthukise kakhulu isekethe ye-Armstrong ngokuvikela ngokuqinile ikhoyili yempendulo. Inani lempendulo ku-Reinartz Tuner liye lalungiswa kusetshenziswa i-variable capacitance capacitor (VCA). Ukunciphisa "ubunzima" bezilungiselelo ze-KPI, kusetshenziswe amadivaysi e-vernier.
Ngokungafani no-Armstrong, owachitha impilo yakhe emangalela amalungelo akhe obunikazi nezinto ezibalulekile, uReinartz wamane washicilela umklamo wakhe kumagazini kaJuni 1921 we-QST. Lokhu kwalandelwa ezinye izihloko ezimbili ezinentuthuko.
Π Kunesibonelo sokuqaliswa kwesamukeli se-Reinartz kwisibani esisodwa:
... futhi kwasebenza kalula kakhulu ...
I-Tube circuitry iheha ngobuhle obumangelengele bezisombululo zayo zobuchwepheshe. Konke kusendaweni yakho, akukho okungadingekile.
Endabeni, nganquma ngokuqondile ukuthi ngingacaphuni imidwebo evela ezincwadini zama-20s zekhulu lama-XNUMX, kodwa ngaphendukela encwadini yohlelo lokuqala lwe-"Young Radio Amateur" kaBorisov. Nansi indlela elula futhi ecacile abonisa ngayo ukusebenza kwesamukeli sokukhulisa i-amplification sisebenzisa ishubhu eyodwa:
Sixoxisane ngokusebenza kwesifunda se-resonant ekufakweni kwesifunda kanye ne-headphone ene-blocking capacitor ekuphumeni esihlokweni mayelana ne-Losev's "cristadin". Ake sihlaziye ukusebenza kwesekethe ye-RcCc ngokokufaka kwe-triode amplifier.
Isekethe ye-RcCc ibizwa ngokuthi βgridlickβ (kusuka kusiNgisi: ukuvuza kwegridi), ngosizo lwayo βukutholwa kwegridiβ kwenziwa, lapho i-amplifier esibani kokubili ithola isignali futhi iyandisa.
Igrafu (a) ibonisa i-anode yamanje ye-amplifier uma i-gridlick ingekho. Siyabona ukuthi isignali yokufaka ikhuliswa ngokuqondile.
Ngemva kokuvula "i-gridlick" kumjikelezo wegridi yokulawula, sibona ama-ripples amanje kumasekhethi e-anode (igrafu b). I-blocking capacitor ihlunga izingxenye zefrikhwensi ephezulu (igrafu c), futhi sithola amasignali efrikhwensi yomsindo emafonini.
Manje ake sibone ukuthi u-Armstrong noReinartz benzeni ngalolu hlelo:
U-Armstrong wethule ikhoyili yempendulo kumasekhethi e-anode we-amplifier. Ngempendulo eyakhayo, isignali evela kukhoyili yempendulo yengezwa kusignali kukhoyili yesekhethi enomsindo. Izinga lempendulo likhethiwe ukuze i-amplifier ibe senqenqemeni lokuzithokozisa, okunikeza izinga eliphezulu lokukhulisa isignali yokufaka.
Lapho ithola ngamagagasi amafushane, ukulungisa isekethe ye-Armstrong ukuze isebenze kumodi yokuvuselela kwakuyinkinga: ukunyakaza okuncane kwekhoyili yempendulo kuholele ezinguqukweni ezinkulu kumapharamitha wokwamukela.
U-John Reinartz uxazulule inkinga ngokulungisa ukuma okuhlobene kwamakhoyili i-L1 kanye ne-L2 ukuze i-inductance mutual phakathi kwabo kanye noshintsho lwe-Feedback capacitance Cop kwanele ukuba owamukelayo asebenze kumodi yokuvuselela ezinhlobonhlobo zamagagasi.
Ukuze kwandiswe ukuzinza kokusebenza, i-choke kaDkt yethulwa kumasekhethi e-anode yesibani. Ihlinzeke ngokunqanyulwa kwamasekhethi anemvamisa ephezulu yomamukeli kusukela kumafrikhwensi aphansi futhi yahlunga ngempumelelo ingxenye yefrikhwensi yomsakazo esignali yefrikhwensi yomsindo.
Ukuze "kwelule" izilungiselelo zemvamisa kanye nempendulo, kwasetshenziswa ama-vernier - ama-gearbox okunciphisa phakathi kwama-tuning knobs kanye nezimbazo zama-capacitor. Lezi zixazululo zobuchwepheshe ziqinisekise ukulungiswa okushelelayo kwemvamisa yokwamukela futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, izinga lempendulo.
Lapho ushuna umamukeli esiteshini somsakazo, ileveli yempendulo yaqale isethwa ngokuya ngokukhuphuka kwevolumu yomsindo osemoyeni. Umamukeli, empeleni, ufake imodi ethi "autodyne", i.e. waqala ukusebenza njengomamukeli we-heterodyne. Lapho ushuna imvamisa yesiteshi kulesi simo, impempe iqale yavela ekubhithini kwama-oscillations emvelo kanye nemvamisa yenkampani yenethiwekhi. Ngakho, umsebenzi we-radiotelegraph (CW) wamukelwa.
Lapho ithola iziteshi zomsakazo ezisakazwayo (AM), ukushunwa kwefrikhwensi kwaqhubeka kwaze kwatholakala βamabhithi aziroβ, bese kuncishiswa inani lempendulo, kugxilwe kukhwalithi yomsindo.
Ngendlela, umphumela othakazelisayo waqashelwa: umamukeli ovuselelayo, lapho ulungiswa ngokungalungile esiteshini, ngokuvamile waqala ukulungisa imvamisa kanye nesigaba se-oscillations yayo ngokusho kwesignali yenkampani yenethiwekhi. Lokhu kulungisa okuzenzakalelayo kuqinisekise imodi yokwamukela evumelanayo.
... nakuba kungaphelele
Abamukeli abavuselelayo banakho kokubili izinzuzo eziningi kanye nenani lokubi.
Izinzuzo zihlanganisa isilinganiso sekhwalithi ephezulu yamanani. Ukwengeza, "abakhiqiza kabusha" banikeze ukuguquguquka okuthile okusetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa: baqinisekisa ukwamukelwa kweziteshi zokusakaza kumodi yokuvuselela; kwimodi yokuzikhiqiza, basebenze njengabamukeli be-heterodyne, futhi bangathola i-radiotelegraph.
Ububi obuyinhloko kwakuyisidingo sokulungiswa njalo kwempendulo kanye nemisebe engadingeki yomamukeli emoyeni. Khumbula ngeVaska Taburetkin!
Ngemva kwempi, abamukeli abavuselelayo baqala ukushintshwa ngabamukeli be-superheterodyne. Kodwa leyo ngenye indaba...
Kusuka kumbhali
Ngawo-20, uJohn Reinartz wafunda ngokusakazwa kwamagagasi amafushane. Uhambe ohambweni lwe-Arctic.
Kusukela ngo-1933 wasebenza eRCA.
Ngo-1938 wangena embuthweni wasolwandle futhi waqeda inkonzo yakhe ngo-1946 njengokapteni.
Ngo-1946 wabuyela emsebenzini eRCA.
Kusukela ngo-1949 wasebenza e-Eimac.
Ngo-February 1, 1960, kwaba nedili elikhulu lokugubha umhlalaphansi kaReinartz, lapho izimfundamakhwela ezingaphezu kwamakhulu amabili ezazibambe iqhaza emsakazweni.
Wafa ngo-September 18, 1964.
Imithombo esetshenzisiwe
1. "QST", 1924, No. 1
2. "I-Radio Amateur", 1926, No. 23-24
3. Borisov V.G. Umsakazi osemusha womsakazo - M.: Gosenergoizdat, 1951
Okunye okushicilelwe ochungechungeni
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Source: www.habr.com