Lapho kusetshenziswa izinhlelo ze-ERP esezilungile, ama-53% ezinkampani izinselelo ezingathi sína ezidinga izinguquko ezinqubweni zebhizinisi nezindlela zenhlangano, futhi ama-44% ezinkampani abhekana nezinkinga ezinkulu zobuchwepheshe. Ochungechungeni lwezihloko, sizochaza ukuthi luyini uhlelo lwe-ERP, luzuzisa kanjani, indlela yokunquma isidingo sokuqaliswa kwalo, yini okudingeka ukwazi lapho ukhetha umhlinzeki wepulatifomu nokuthi ungayisebenzisa kanjani.
Umqondo wohlelo lwe-ERP uvela e-USA futhi uhunyushwa ngokwezwi nezwi ngokuthi ukuhlelwa kwensiza yebhizinisi - Ukuhlelwa Kwezinsizakusebenza ze-Enterprise. Ngokwemfundo, kubukeka kanjena: “I-ERP iyisu lenhlangano lokuhlanganisa ukukhiqiza nokusebenza, ukuphathwa kwezabasebenzi, ukuphathwa kwezimali nokuphathwa kwempahla, okugxile ekulinganiseni okuqhubekayo kanye nokwenza kahle kwezinsiza zebhizinisi kusetshenziswa iphakheji yesofthiwe (isofthiwe) ekhethekile, edidiyelwe inikeza imodeli yedatha efanayo nezinqubo kuzo zonke izindawo zomsebenzi."
Umphakeli ngamunye angaluqonda uhlelo aluthuthukisile ngendlela yakhe, ngokusekelwe kulokho agxile kukho kanye nemisebenzi okufanele ixazululwe. Isibonelo, isistimu eyodwa ye-ERP ifaneleka kakhulu ukudayisa, kodwa ayifaneleki indawo yokuhluza uwoyela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inkampani ngayinye nomsebenzi wayo osebenzisa inkundla icabanga ngendlela ehlukile, ngokusekelwe engxenyeni abahlangana nayo emsebenzini wabo.
Emgogodleni wayo, i-ERP iwuhlelo lolwazi lokuphatha zonke izinqubo zebhizinisi nezinsiza zenkampani ezisekelwe kusizindalwazi esisodwa.
Kungani udinga uhlelo lwe-ERP?
Njenganoma iyiphi isistimu yolwazi, i-ERP isebenza nedatha. Isisebenzi ngasinye kanye nomnyango bahlala bedala amakhulukhulu amamegabhayithi olwazi. Enhlanganweni encane, umphathi unokufinyelela okuqondile kulo lonke ulwazi kanye nesikhathi sokuqapha izinqubo. Uma umthamo omkhulu wedatha udalwa ngaphakathi kohlaka lwezinqubo zebhizinisi elilodwa noma ezimbili, lapho-ke umphathi udinga kuphela ukuyifaka kudijithali ngezixazululo ze-IT ezihlosiwe. Ngokuvamile, inhlangano ithenga isofthiwe yokubala futhi, isibonelo, i-CRM.
Njengoba inkampani ikhula, lezo zinqubo ngazinye ebezithatha isikhathi esincane ukuzilawula ziguqulwa zibe imiqulu emikhulu yolwazi. Ngokuhlanganyela nezinye izinqubo zebhizinisi, ukugeleza kolwazi okuhlukene kudinga abasebenzi abakhulu bokuphatha ukuze bakuhlanganise futhi bakuhlaziye. Ngakho-ke, uhlelo lwe-ERP aludingeki ngamabhizinisi amancane, kodwa ngamabhizinisi aphakathi nendawo namakhulu.
Ukuqonda kanjani ukuthi inkampani idinga uhlelo lwe-ERP
Indaba ejwayelekile yamakhasimende ethu ihamba kanje. Ngesinye isikhathi, kuyacaca ukuthi zonke izinqubo eziyinhloko zizenzekelayo, futhi ukusebenza kahle komsebenzi akukhuli.
Kuvela ukuthi inqubo ngayinye itholakala ohlelweni lwayo lolwazi oluhlukile. Ukuze bazixhume, abasebenzi bafaka idatha mathupha ohlelweni ngalunye, bese abaphathi beqoqa idatha eyimpinda ukuze bahlaziye imisebenzi yenkampani yonke. Eqinisweni, imishini enjalo yomsebenzi ikhiqiza kuze kube seqophelweni elithile. Into esemqoka ukunquma isikhathi sokufeza ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke, hhayi lapho kudingekile ukushintsha izindlela zezinqubo kwimodi ephuthumayo.
Azikho izinhlelo zolwazi ezizoke zibike ukuthi isikhathi sesifikile lapho inkampani isikhule yafika ezingeni lapho kudingeka khona uhlelo lwe-ERP. Okuhlangenwe nakho komhlaba kubonisa izimpawu ezi-4 eziyinhloko ezizokuvumela ukuba uqonde lokhu:
Ayikho idatha eyanele yokwenza isinqumo sokuphatha unolwazi.
Noma yisiphi isinqumo ebhizinisini sinemiphumela ekugcineni eholela ekulahlekelweni kwezimali noma, ngokuphambene, emalini engenayo. Izinga lesinqumo lincike olwazini esisekelwe kulo. Uma idatha iphelelwe yisikhathi, ingaphelele noma ingalungile, isinqumo sizobe singalungile noma singalingani.
Izizathu eziyinhloko zokungahambisani kolwazi:
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ulwazi olubalulekile luhlakazekile phakathi kwabasebenzi kanye neminyango;
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ayikho imithethonqubo yokuqoqwa kwedatha;
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Ulwazi luqoqwa ngabasebenzi abanezindima ezahlukene nangezikhathi ezahlukene.
Ngenkundla ye-ERP elingana nezinqubo zebhizinisi lakho, ungakwazi ukuhlanganisa yonke idatha yakho. Lonke ulwazi lwenziwa umsebenzi ngamunye kanye nomnyango ohlelweni olulodwa ngesikhathi sangempela. Lokhu kusho ukuthi idatha wena nanoma ubani omunye enkampanini eningase niyidinge ihlale inembe futhi ihambisana nesikhathi ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ukuntuleka kokuhlanganiswa phakathi kwezinhlelo ze-IT kuholela ekuhlulekeni kokusebenza futhi kuvimbela ukukhula kwenkampani.
Isistimu ye-IT ngayinye inezidingo zayo zefomethi yedatha, eyakhiwe ngezikhathi ezahlukene futhi isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuhlukene, izimiso nezilimi zokuhlela. Lokhu kubonakala emsebenzini wabasebenzi, abasebenzisana njengokungathi ngezilimi ezahlukene, kanye nesivinini sokuxhumana.
Uhlelo lwe-ERP luhlanganisa imisebenzi ngayinye ibe yindawo eyodwa edidiyelwe futhi okulula ukuyiqonda. Uhlelo lwe-ERP lusebenza njengomhumushi, lukhuluma izilimi eziningi zokuhlela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenzisana nokungaguquguquki.
Amakhasimende akho awajabule ngesevisi.
Uma amakhasimende ekhononda noma ehamba, kufanele ucabange ngokusebenza kahle. Lokhu kungenxa yesidingo esingaphezu kokunikezwayo, ukulethwa sekwephuzile, isevisi ehamba kancane, noma umuzwa nje ojwayelekile wokuthi ibhizinisi alinazo izinsiza noma isikhathi sokunakekela wonke amakhasimende.
Uma ibhizinisi selikhule lafinyelela kusayizi omaphakathi noma omkhulu, i-ERP iphendula amakhasimende anganelisekile abe athembekile. Amakhasimende aqala ukuzwa ukuthuthuka kwesevisi futhi ahlangabezane nezinguquko kanye nenkampani.
Usebenzisa amasistimu aphelelwe yisikhathi.
Ngokusho I-Veeam 2020 Data Protection Trends Report, isithiyo esikhulu sokuguqulwa kwebhizinisi ledijithali ubuchwepheshe obuphelelwe yisikhathi. Uma inkampani isasebenza ngezinhlelo zokungena mathupha noma imibhalo yamaphepha, khona-ke esikhathini sangemva kobhubhane nakanjani izosala ngemuva.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlelo ze-IT zenkampani zingase zibe ezanamuhla kodwa zihlakazeke. Kulokhu, umnyango ngamunye udala i-bunker yawo yolwazi, idatha ephuma kuyo ngamadosi noma ngokungalungile. Uma ukuhlanganiswa kwezinhlelo ngazinye kubiza kakhulu noma kungenzeki, khona-ke kuyadingeka ukuthi uziguqulele ohlelweni olulodwa lwe-ERP.
Yiziphi izinzuzo uhlelo lwe-ERP olunikeza ibhizinisi?
Uhlelo lwe-ERP wumkhiqizo othengwa yinkampani ngezindleko zayo. Ukuqaliswa kwayo kubonakala njengokutshalwa kwezimali okufanele kulethe inzuzo. Akekho umenzi wesistimu ye-ERP oqinisekisa ukuthi izoletha ukukhula kwemali engenayo enkampanini. Futhi lokhu akusebenzi kuphela ezinhlelweni ze-ERP, kodwa futhi kunoma yiziphi izixazululo ze-IT. Kodwa-ke, zonke izinzuzo zokuqalisa zithinta inzuzo ngokungaqondile:
Ukonga ezinhlelweni ze-IT
Esikhundleni sokusebenzisa izinsiza ezinhlelweni ezimbalwa ezihlukene, ngayinye yazo edinga ukwesekwa okukhethekile, ingqalasizinda, amalayisense, nokuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi, ungagxilisa zonke izindleko endaweni eyodwa ye-ERP. Iqukethe amamojula ashintsha amasistimu ahlukene anezingxenye ezihlanganisiwe.
Uma uhlelo lwe-ERP luthuthukiswa kusukela ekuqaleni ukuze luhlangabezane nezidingo zenkampani ethile, lungafaka amasistimu nezinsizakalo zezinkampani zangaphandle ezizoba lula kozakwethu bebhizinisi, abahlinzeki, amakhasimende kanye nabanye ozakwabo ukusebenza nabo.
Ukuveza ngokugcwele
I-ERP inikeza abaphathi ukufinyelela okugcwele kuyo yonke inqubo yebhizinisi yanoma yimuphi umnyango 24/7. Isibonelo, ungakwazi ukulandelela i-inventory nsuku zonke, okuhlanganisa ukudiliva okuhleliwe nokulethwa kwezokuthutha. Ukuba nesithombe esiphelele samazinga we-inventory kukuvumela ukuthi ulawule ngokunembe kakhudlwana imali yokusebenza.
Imibiko ezenzakalelayo nokuhlela okunamandla
I-ERP idala isistimu yokubika eyodwa, ehlanganisiwe yazo zonke izinqubo. Ikhiqiza ngokuzenzakalelayo imibiko ewusizo nezibalo noma kunini. Ngayo, abaphathi ngeke kudingeke baqoqe amaspredishithi nezinhlamvu mathupha.
Ngakho, inkundla ikhulula isikhathi sokuhlela amasu, ukuhlaziya okungcono kanye nokuqhathanisa ukusebenza komnyango. Uhlelo lwe-ERP lusiza ukuthola amathrendi ekuhlaziyeni angazange anakwe ngaphambilini futhi angazange abe nethuba lokuqaphela.
Ukwanda kokusebenza kahle
I-ERP ngokwayo ayiyona i-panacea. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungagcini nje ngokuhambisana nemininingwane yebhizinisi, kodwa futhi ukuyisebenzise ngendlela efanele. Ngokuvumelana ne Ngabahlinzeki bezinhlelo ze-ERP abangu-315 abangekho eshalofini, isabelo sokuqaliswa esiphumelele kancane silinganiselwa phakathi kwamaphesenti angama-25 nangama-41, kuye ngemboni. I-ERP efanele inciphisa kakhulu isikhathi nomzamo ochithwa emsebenzini ojwayelekile.
Insizakalo yekhasimende
Isevisi yamakhasimende iyingxenye ebalulekile yebhizinisi. Uhlelo lwe-ERP lushintsha ukugxila kwabasebenzi kusukela ekugcineni amarejista amakhasimende kuye ekwakheni nasekugcineni ubudlelwano namakhasimende.
Izibalo zikhombisa ukuthi amaphesenti angama-84 amaklayenti enkampanini uma bengazitholi izimpendulo ezanele zemibuzo. I-ERP inikeza isisebenzi lonke ulwazi oludingekayo kanye nomlando weklayenti ngesikhathi sokuxhumana. Ngalo, abasebenzi abasebenzelani ne-bureaucracy, kodwa ngokuheha nokugcina amakhasimende. Amaklayenti azizwa izinzuzo zokuqaliswa kwayo, nangaphandle kokwazi mayelana nezinguquko enkampanini.
Ukuvikelwa kwedatha
Alukho neze uhlelo lolwazi olunganikeza isiqinisekiso esiphelele sokuphepha kwedatha. Idatha yomuntu siqu yamakhasimende nabasebenzi, ama-imeyili, impahla esunguliwe, idatha yezezimali, ama-invoyisi, izinkontileka - uma amasistimu amaningi acubungula lolu lwazi, kuba nzima nakakhulu ukulandelela izingozi. Uhlelo lwe-ERP lwethula amazinga afanayo okufinyelela, okokufaka nokukhishwa kwedatha, kanye nokugcinwa kolwazi endaweni eyodwa.
Kodwa-ke, lapho sikhulu isabelo semakethe sohlelo lwe-ERP esenziwe ngomumo, kuvame ukuba ngaphansi kokuhlaselwa kwabaduni. Kungaba kuhle ukuthi uzenzele olwakho uhlelo lwe-ERP, isisekelo sekhodi ozokwazi ukufinyelela kuso kuphela. Uma isistimu ye-ERP yenkampani yakho ithuthukiswa kusukela ekuqaleni, izigebengu ze-inthanethi ngeke zikwazi ukuthola amakhophi ohlelo ukuze ziluhlolele ubungozi kuqala.
Ukusebenzisana Ukukhiqiza
Imvamisa intshisekelo yokusebenzelana phakathi kweminyango noma abasebenzi iyaphela ngenxa yokuthi ukudluliswa kwedatha kudinga imisebenzi eminingi evamile noma ngenxa yesimo sezulu esingokwengqondo enkampanini. Uhlelo oluhlanganisiwe luzenza ngokuzenzakalelayo ukufinyelela olwazini, luqede isipiliyoni esibi sesici somuntu futhi lusheshise ukuxhumana phakathi kwenkampani.
Izinqubo zebhizinisi ezihlanganisiwe
Izinhlelo ze-ERP ezakhiwe kusengaphambili zithuthukiswa ngokuhambisana nezinqubo ezingcono kakhulu zemboni. Lokhu kuvumela amabhizinisi ukuthi alinganise izinqubo zawo.
Kodwa-ke, empeleni, inkampani kufanele yenze ukukhetha okunzima: noma kuthatha isikhathi eside futhi eqolo ukusetha nokuguqula uhlelo lwe-ERP ukuze luhlangabezane namazinga ebhizinisi, noma kubuhlungu ukwenza ngokwezifiso izinqubo zebhizinisi zalo amazinga ohlelo lwe-ERP.
Kukhona indlela yesithathu - ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lwezinqubo zebhizinisi lakho ekuqaleni.
I-Scalability
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi wandisa isisekelo samakhasimende akho, unwebelela ezimakethe ezintsha, wethula izinqubo ezintsha, iminyango noma imikhiqizo, noma ukhulisa ibhizinisi lakho, ngomthengisi ofanele, inkundla yakho ye-ERP ingavumelana noshintsho.
Njengoba uhlelo lwe-ERP lusetshenziswa kuzo zonke izinqubo zenkampani, uhlu lwezinzuzo lungakhula kuye ngokucaciswayo. Kunenqwaba namakhulu ezixazululo ezenziwe ngomumo ezithuthukisiwe emakethe eziphoqa abathengi ukuthi bangene ohlakeni lokubhaliselwe, isivinini sokuvuselelwa nokusekelwa, ukusebenza okuvaliwe kanye nezakhiwo - ngaphakathi kohlaka lomphakeli oyedwa. Ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo lwakho lwe-ERP kuphela okunikeza amathuba aphezulu ngaphandle kwemikhawulo.
Funda izihloko ezilandelayo ukuze ufunde ukuthi ungakhetha kanjani umenzi wesistimu ye-ERP, yimiphi imibuzo okufanele uyibuze ukuze ungalahlekelwa yimali, nokuthi yini okufanele uyicabangele lapho uhlela ukuqaliswa.
Source: www.habr.com