Nakulokhu futhi mayelana ne-DevOps ne-SRE

Ngokusekelwe engxoxweni Umphakathi we-AWS Minsk

Muva nje, izimpi zangempela zigqame ngaphezu kwencazelo ye-DevOps ne-SRE.
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ngezindlela eziningi izingxoxo ngalesi sihloko sezivele zamisa amazinyo ami, kuhlanganise nami, nginqume ukuletha umbono wami ngalesi sihloko enkantolo yomphakathi waseHabra. Kulabo abathanda, wamukelekile ekatini. Futhi ake konke kuqale kabusha!

prehistory

Ngakho-ke, ezikhathini zasendulo, ithimba labathuthukisi be-software nabaphathi beseva babehlala ngokwehlukana. Owokuqala wabhala ikhodi ngempumelelo, owesibili, esebenzisa amagama ahlukahlukene afudumele, anothando aqondiswe kowokuqala, wamisa amaseva, efika ngezikhathi ezithile kubathuthukisi futhi ephendula "konke kusebenza emshinini wami." Ibhizinisi lalilinde isoftware, yonke into yayingasebenzi, yaphuka ngezikhathi ezithile, wonke umuntu wayenovalo. Ikakhulukazi lona okhokhele lonke lolu bishi. Inkathi yesibani esikhazimulayo. Hhayi-ke, usuyazi ukuthi i-DevOps ivelaphi.

Ukuzalwa kwemikhuba ye-DevOps

Kwabe sekufika abafana abaqotho bathi - lena akuyona imboni, awukwazi ukusebenza kanjalo. Futhi baletha amamodeli omjikelezo wokuphila. Lapha, isibonelo, imodeli ye-V.

Pho sibonani? Ibhizinisi liza nomqondo, izixazululo zokuklama abaklami, onjiniyela babhala ikhodi, bese lehluleka. Othile uhlola umkhiqizo ngandlela thize, othile awulethe kumsebenzisi wokugcina, futhi endaweni ethile ekukhiqizweni kwalo modeli oyisimangaliso kuhlezi ikhasimende lebhizinisi elinesizungu elilindele isimo sezulu esithenjisiwe ngasolwandle. Sifinyelele esiphethweni sokuthi sidinga izindlela ezizosivumela ukuthi sisungule lolu hlelo. Futhi sinqume ukudala izinqubo ezizozisebenzisa.

Ukwehla kwezingoma ngesihloko sokuthi umkhuba uyini
Ngokuzijwayeza ngiqonde inhlanganisela yobuchwepheshe nokuziphatha. Isibonelo umkhuba wokuchaza ingqalasizinda kusetshenziswa ikhodi ye-terraform. Isiyalo yindlela yokuchaza ingqalasizinda ngekhodi, sisekhanda lonjiniyela, futhi ubuchwepheshe buyi-terraform ngokwayo.

Futhi banqume ukuzibiza ngezinqubo ze-DevOps - ngicabanga ukuthi zaziqonde ukusuka ku-Development to Operations. Siqhamuke nezinto ezihlakaniphile ezahlukahlukene - izinqubo ze-CI/CD, izinqubo ezisekelwe kumgomo we-IaC, izinkulungwane zazo. Futhi siyahamba, abathuthukisi babhala ikhodi, onjiniyela be-DevOps baguqula incazelo yesistimu ngendlela yekhodi ibe yizinhlelo zokusebenza (yebo, ikhodi, ngeshwa, incazelo nje, kodwa hhayi ukubonakaliswa kwesistimu), ukulethwa kuyaqhubeka, njalo njalo. Abalawuli bayizolo, sebefunde imikhuba emisha, baziqeqesha kabusha ngokuziqhenya njengonjiniyela be-DevOps, futhi yonke into yasuka lapho. Futhi kwaba kusihlwa, futhi kwaba khona ekuseni... sorry, hhayi kusukela lapho.

Akusekuhle futhi, ngiyabonga uNkulunkulu

Ngokushesha nje lapho yonke into isizothile, futhi "ochwepheshe bezindlela" abanobuqili baqala ukubhala izincwadi ezinzima mayelana nemikhuba ye-DevOps, izingxabano zaqubuka buthule ngokuthi ubani unjiniyela we-DevOps owaziwayo nokuthi i-DevOps isiko lokukhiqiza, ukunganeliseki kwaphinde kwavela. Kungazelelwe kwavela ukuthi ukulethwa kwesoftware kuwumsebenzi ongewona neze omncane. Ingqalasizinda ngayinye yentuthuko inesitaki sayo, endaweni ethile udinga ukuyihlanganisa, endaweni ethile udinga ukuhambisa imvelo, lapha udinga i-Tomcat, lapha udinga indlela enobuqili neyinkimbinkimbi yokuyiqalisa - ngokujwayelekile, ikhanda lakho lishaya ngamandla. Futhi inkinga, ngokungavamile, yavela ngokuyinhloko enhlanganweni yezinqubo - lo msebenzi wokulethwa, njengebhodlela, waqala ukuvimba izinqubo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akekho okhansele Imisebenzi. Ayibonakali kumodeli ye-V, kodwa kusenawo wonke umjikelezo wempilo kwesokudla. Ngenxa yalokho, kuyadingeka ukuthi ngandlela thize kugcinwe ingqalasizinda, kuqashwe, kuxazululwe izigameko, kanye nokubhekana nokudiliva. Labo. hlala ngonyawo olulodwa kukho kokubili ukuthuthukiswa nokusebenza - futhi kungazelelwe kwavela ukuthi i-Development & Operations. Futhi-ke kwaba ne-hype evamile yama-microservices. Futhi nabo, ukuthuthukiswa kwemishini yendawo kwaqala ukuthuthela efwini - zama ukulungisa okuthile endaweni, uma kukhona inqwaba namakhulu ama-microservices, khona-ke ukulethwa okuqhubekayo kuba yindlela yokusinda. "Enkampanini encane enesizotha" bekulungile, kodwa noma kunjalo? Kuthiwani nge-Google?

I-SRE nge-Google

I-Google ifikile, yadla i-cacti enkulu kunazo zonke futhi yanquma - asikudingi lokhu, sidinga ukwethembeka. Futhi ukwethembeka kumele kulawulwe. Futhi nginqume ukuthi sidinga ochwepheshe abazophatha ukwethembeka. Ngababiza onjiniyela be-SR ngathi, okwakho lokho, kwenze kahle njengokujwayelekile. Nansi i-SLI, nansi i-SLO, nakhu ukuqapha. Futhi wahlohla ikhala lakhe ekuhlinzeni. Futhi wabiza ngokuthi "DevOps" yakhe "SRE". Konke kubonakala kuhamba kahle, kodwa kukhona ukugebenga okungcolile okukodwa i-Google engakwazi ukukukhokhela - esikhundleni sonjiniyela be-SR, ukuqasha abantu ababengabathuthukisi abaqeqeshiwe futhi benza umsebenzi wesikole omncane futhi baqonda ukusebenza kwezinhlelo zokusebenza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Google ngokwayo inezinkinga ngokuqasha abantu abanjalo - ikakhulukazi ngoba lapha iqhudelana nayo ngokwayo - kuyadingeka ukuchaza umqondo webhizinisi kumuntu. Ukulethwa kwabelwa ukukhulula onjiniyela, i-SR - onjiniyela baphatha ukwethembeka (Yebo, hhayi ngokuqondile, kodwa ngokuthonya ingqalasizinda, ukushintsha izakhiwo, ukulandelela izinguquko kanye nezinkomba, ukubhekana nezigameko). Kuhle, ungakwazi bhala izincwadi. Kodwa kuthiwani uma ungeyena i-Google, kodwa ukwethembeka kusewukukhathazeka ngandlela-thile?

Ukuthuthukiswa kwemibono ye-DevOps

Ngaleso sikhathi kwafika u-Docker, owaphuma ku-lxc, kwase kuba amasistimu e-orchestration ahlukahlukene afana ne-Docker Swarm ne-Kubernetes, kanye nonjiniyela be-DevOps bakhipha umoya - ukuhlangana kwezinqubo kwenza ukulethwa kwaba lula. Kwenze kwaba lula kangangokuthi sakwazi ukuletha ngisho nezinsiza zangaphandle konjiniyela - what is deployment.yaml. I-Containerization ixazulula inkinga. Futhi ukuvuthwa kwezinhlelo ze-CI/CD sekuvele kusezingeni lokubhala ifayela elilodwa futhi siyahamba - abathuthukisi bangakwazi ukuzisingatha ngokwabo. Bese siqala ukukhuluma ngokuthi singayenza kanjani eyethu i-SRE, nge... noma okungenani nomuntu.

I-SRE ayikho ku-Google

Hhayi-ke, kulungile, sikulethile ukulethwa, kubonakala sengathi singakhipha umoya, sibuyele ezinsukwini ezimnandi zakudala, lapho abaphathi bebuka umthwalo weprosesa, bashuna amasistimu futhi baphuza buthule into engaqondakali kumakomishi ngokuthula nangokuthula... Yeka. Akusona isizathu esenza ukuthi siqale yonke into (okuyinto edabukisayo!). Kungazelelwe kuvele ukuthi endleleni ye-Google singakwazi ukusebenzisa izindlela ezinhle kakhulu - akuwona umthwalo weprosesa obalulekile, hhayi ukuthi sishintsha kangaki amadiski lapho, noma sikhulisa izindleko efwini, kepha amamethrikhi ebhizinisi ayafana nedumela elibi. SLx. Futhi akekho oke wasusa ukuphathwa kwengqalasizinda kubo, futhi badinga ukuxazulula izigameko, futhi babe semsebenzini ngezikhathi ezithile, futhi ngokuvamile bahlale phezu kwezinqubo zebhizinisi. Futhi bafo, qalani ukuhlela kancane kancane ngezinga elihle, i-Google isivele ikulindele.

Ukufingqa. Ngokungazelelwe, kodwa usukhathele ukufunda futhi awukwazi ukulinda ukukhafula nokubhalela umbhali emazwaneni esihlokweni. I-DevOps njengomkhuba wokulethwa ibilokhu ikhona futhi izoba njalo. Futhi akuyi ndawo. I-SRE njengeqoqo lezinqubo zokusebenza yenza lokhu kulethwa kube yimpumelelo.

Source: www.habr.com