Ngo-2015 i-ARIN (ebhekele isifunda saseNyakatho Melika) umbhalisi oqede i-IPv4 pool. Futhi ngoNovemba, i-RIPE, esabalalisa izinsiza eYurophu nase-Asia, nayo yaphelelwa amakheli.
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Isimo e-RIPE
Ngo-2012, i-R.I.P.E. mayelana nokuqala kokusatshalaliswa kwebhulokhi yokugcina /8. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, iklayenti ngalinye lobhalisi lalingathola kuphela amakheli angu-1024, okwanciphisa kancane ukuqedwa kwechibi. Kepha ngo-2015, i-RIPE yayisele nama-IPs amahhala ayizigidi eziyi-16; ehlobo lika-2019, le nombolo yehla. .
Ekupheleni kukaNovemba RIPE , lapho babike khona ukuthi umbhalisi unikeze i-IP yokugcina futhi izinsiza zayo seziphelile. Kusukela manje kuqhubeke, leli chibi lizogcwaliswa kuphela ngamakheli abuyiselwa ekusakazweni yizinhlangano ezahlukahlukene. Zizosatshalaliswa ngokulandelana kwazo ngamabhulokhi /24.
Ubani omunye onamakheli asele?
Abanye ababhalisi abathathu basenayo i-IPv4, kodwa kule minyaka embalwa edlule bebesebenza “ngemodi ye-austerity.” Isibonelo, e-Afrika, i-AFRINIC yethula imikhawulo enanini lamakheli akhishiwe kanye nokuhlolwa okuqinile mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwawo okuhlosiwe. Ngaphandle kwazo zonke izinyathelo, ochwepheshe babikezela ukuthi i-IPv4 yombhalisi wase-Afrika kakade ngo-March 2020. Kodwa kunombono wokuthi lokhu kuzokwenzeka ngisho nangaphambili - ngoJanuwari.
I-Latin American LACNIC inezinsiza ezimbalwa ezisele - isabalalisa ibhulokhi yokugcina engu-/8. Abamele le nhlangano bathi bakhipha amakheli afinyelela ku-1024 inkampani ngayinye. Lapho Yilawo maklayenti kuphela angakaze awathole ngaphambilini angavimba. Izinyathelo ezifanayo zathathwa ku-Asian APNIC. Kodwa ngokusetshenziswa kwenhlangano ingxenye yesihlanu kuphela ye-/8 pool, nayo ezobe ingenalutho esikhathini esizayo esiseduze.
Akukapheli
Ochwepheshe bayaqaphela ukuthi kungenzeka ukunweba “isikhathi sokuphila” se-IPv4. Kwanele ukubuyisela amakheli angafunwanga echibini elivamile. Isibonelo, ngemuva komenzi wezimoto iFord Motor Company kanye nenkampani yomshwalense iPrudential Securities ngaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-16 IPv4 yomphakathi. Kuchungechunge lwetimu ku-Hacker News ukuthi lezi zinhlangano aziwadingi ama-IP amaningi kangaka.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kufanelekile ukukhipha amakheli abuyiselwe hhayi kumabhulokhi njengangaphambili, kodwa ngamanani adingekayo ngokuqinile. Esinye isakhamuzi sakwa-HN ukuthi abahlinzeki be-Spectrum/Charter kanye ne-Verizon sebevele besebenzisa lo mkhuba - bakhipha i-IP eyodwa ukusuka ku-/24 esikhundleni sayo yonke/30 block.
Izinto ezimbalwa ezivela kubhulogi yethu ku-Habré:
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Esinye isisombululo enkingeni yokushoda kwamakheli wukuthenga nokuwadayisa ezindalini. Isibonelo, ngo-2017, onjiniyela be-MIT ukuthi inyuvesi inama-IPs angasetshenzisiwe ayizigidi eziyi-14 - banqume ukuthengisa iningi lawo. Indaba efanayo yenzeka ekuqaleni kukaDisemba eRussia. I-Research Institute for the Development of Public Networks (RosNIIROS) imemezele ukuvalwa kwerejista yendawo ye-inthanethi i-LIR. Emva kwalokho yena cishe izinkulungwane ezingama-490 ze-IPv4 zenkampani yase-Czech Reliable Communications. Ochwepheshe balinganisela izindleko eziphelele zechibi ku-$9-12 million.
Kepha uma izinkampani ziqala ukuthengisa kabusha i-IP komunye nomunye, ekukhuleni kwamatafula omzila. Nokho, kukhona nesixazululo lapha - (Iphrothokholi Yokuhlukaniswa Kwendawo/I-ID). Lapha ababhali bahlongoza ukusebenzisa amakheli amabili lapho bekhuluma kunethiwekhi. Eyodwa eyokuhlonza amadivaysi, kanti eyesibili eyokudala umhubhe phakathi kwamaseva. Le ndlela ikuvumela ukuthi ukhiphe amakheli kumathebula e-BGP angakwazi ukuhlanganiswa abe yibhulokhi eyodwa - ngenxa yalokho, ithebula lomzila likhula kancane. Ukusekelwa kwe-LISP kuzixazululo zakho izinkampani ezifana neCisco kanye neLANCOM Systems (ethuthukisa i-SD-WAN).
Isixazululo esiyisisekelo senkinga nge-IPv4 sizoba sikhulu . Kodwa naphezu kokuthi umthetho olandelwayo wasungulwa eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-20 edlule, awukasetshenziswa kabanzi. Njengamanje, i-15% yamasayithi ayayisekela. Yize kunezinkampani eziningi ezithatha izinyathelo zokuguqula lesi simo. Ngakho, abahlinzeki abaningi bamafu aseNtshonalanga ye-IPv4 engasetshenziswa. Kulesi simo, amakheli ahilelekile (axhunywe emshinini we-virtual) anikezwa mahhala.
Ngokuvamile, abakhiqizi bezinto zenethiwekhi nabahlinzeki besevisi ye-inthanethi bajabulele ukuthuthela ku-IPv6. Kodwa bahlala bebhekana nobunzima lapho befuduka. Sizolungisa izinto ezihlukene mayelana nalobu bunzima kanye nezindlela zokubuxazulula.
Esibhala ngakho kubhulogi lebhizinisi le-VAS Experts:
Source: www.habr.com