🥇Ingabe ikhona impilo ngemuva kweWindows noma kufanele athuthuke kuphi umlawuli/unjiniyela we-Windows ngo-2020?

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U-2019 uhamba kancane kodwa ngokuqinisekile uzofika esiphethweni sawo esinengqondo. Imboni ye-IT iyaqhubeka nokuthuthuka, isijabulisa ngenani elikhulu lobuchwepheshe obusha futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo, igcwalisa isilulumagama sethu ngezincazelo ezintsha: I-Big Data, i-AI, i- Machine Learning (ML), i-IoT, i-5G, njll. Kulo nyaka. , Ubunjiniyela Bokuthenjwa Kwesayithi kwakuvame ukuxoxwa ngakho (SRE), DevOps, microservices kanye ne-cloud computing.

Obunye ubuchwepheshe, ngokwesibonelo, i-Blockchain kanye ne-cryptocurrencies (i-Bitcoin, i-Ethereum, njll.), kubonakala sengathi isivele isidlulile inani eliphakeme lokuthandwa kwabo (hype), ngakho umphakathi unethuba lokuzibheka ngokucophelela, ukhomba izici ezinhle nezingezinhle, kanye nokunquma ukuthi zisetshenziswa kuphi futhi kanjani. Ukubheka okulinganayo esihlokweni seBlockchain kanye ne-cryptocurrencies kungatholakala ku I-athikili ka-Alexey Malanov evela eKaspersky Lab. Ngincoma kakhulu ukuyihlola.

Obunye ubuchwepheshe zisazuza ukuthandwa, zakha imiphakathi esebenzayo ebazungezile, okuhlanganisa hhayi abalandeli nabalandeli kuphela, kodwa nabaphikisi abashisekayo.

Ingabe wonke umuntu uyangena ku-DevOps?

I-DevOps, indlela entsha yokuthuthukisa nokusebenza kwesofthiwe, izokhuluma ngokukhethekile kimi namuhla, ngoba... Ngempela kube nezihloko eziningi nezimpikiswano ngalesi sihloko kulo nyaka.

Igama elithi DevOps namuhla lihunyushwa kabanzi. Abanye abantu baqonda i-DevOps njengendlela ekhethekile yokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe nokusebenza, lapho abantu abangakwazi ukwenza kokubili ukubhala okuncane nokuphatha behileleke emsebenzini. Kwabanye, lokhu, okokuqala, ukuba khona komphathi wesistimu yabo siqu eqenjini, okubavumela ukuthi bakhulule abathuthukisi be-software ingxenye yomthwalo ongewona oyinhloko ngendlela yokusetha imvelo yesistimu, ukudala izindawo zokuhlola. , ukusebenzisa ukuhlanganiswa nezinsizakalo zangaphakathi nezangaphandle, kanye nokubhala imibhalo ye-automation. Kwabanye, kumane kuyisethi yobuchwepheshe bemfashini namathuluzi adinga ukusetshenziswa ukuze ahlale emusha futhi ephumelelayo. Okwesine, yi-CICD nakho konke okuxhumene nayo. Kukhona ngempela izincazelo eziningi ze-DevOps, ngakho-ke noma ubani angathola kuzo ngokuzimela lokho akuthanda kakhulu.

Ukuhunyushwa okuhlukile kwe-DevOps kubangela izingxoxo ezishisayo, okuholela ekubonakaleni kwama-athikili amaningi ngalesi sihloko. Ngize ngalondoloza amanye awo kumabhukhimakhi ami:

Uma ufunda izindatshana ezanele ezincoma i-DevOps, ungathola umbono wokuthi noma yimuphi unjiniyela womphathi wesistimu udinga kuphela ukushintsha isikhundla sakhe samanje kuphrofayela yakhe ye-LinkedIN kusuka kunjiniyela womlawuli kuya ku-DevOps, futhi uzoqala ngokushesha ukuthola izimemo zezingxoxo ezivela kwa-HR ezivela ezinkulu nezinkulu. izinkampani eziphumelelayo ezizothembisa iholo eliphindwe izikhathi ezingu-2 kunalena yamanje, zizokunikeza i-Macbook entsha sha, i-hoverboard, futhi ngeke zikhohlwe mayelana nokubhalisela ukugcwalisa i-vape yamahhala kanye nenani elingapheli lama-smoothies. Ngokuvamile, ipharadesi le-IT lizofika.

Uma ufunda izindatshana ezilulaza ukufaneleka kwe-DevOps, uqala ukuthola umbono ohlukile wokuthi i-DevOps iwuhlobo olusha lobugqila, lapho abantu kufanele bafake amakhodi cishe ezingeni elifanayo nabathuthukisi, babasize balungise iziphazamisi, babhekane ne-automation kanye ne-CICD, sebenzisa i-Jira nge-Wiki, phenya amafu, qoqa iziqukathi futhi uzilawule, ngesikhathi esifanayo wenza umsebenzi wokuphatha, ungakhohlwa ngokugcwalisa amakhathriji, ukugoqa izintambo ezisontekile nokunisela izimbali zasehhovisi.

Kodwa, njengoba wazi, iqiniso ngokuvamile lisendaweni ethile phakathi, ngakho namuhla sizozama ukulithola kancane.

Ngabe abasadingeki abalawuli?

Njengomphathi wesistimu nonjiniyela osesebenze nemikhiqizo ye-Microsoft kanye ne-VMware isikhathi eside, ngaqala ukuqaphela ukuthi eminyakeni embalwa edlule kube nezingxoxo ngezikhathi ezithile ukuthi abaphathi bohlelo ngeke basize muntu maduze, ngoba:

Yonke ingqalasizinda isizoshintsha futhi ibe yi-IaaC (Ingqalasizinda njengekhodi). Manje ngeke ibe khona i-GUI enezinkinobho, kodwa kuphela i-PowerShell, amafayela e-yaml, izilungiselelo, njll. Uma isevisi ethile noma ingxenye yayo iphukile, asikho isidingo sokuyilungisa, ngoba... khipha ngokushesha ikhophi yayo entsha kusukela kusimo sokugcina sokusebenza.
Yonke ingqalasizinda ye-IT izothuthela emafwini maduzane, futhi endaweni (esendaweni) kuzoba nezintambo zenethiwekhi kuphela kumzila oseduze, ozosixhumanisa nazo zonke ezinye izinsiza zenkampani ezitholakala efwini. Nokho, ngokuvamile, iphrinta izohlala endaweni ukuze amantombazane avela emnyangweni we-accounting akwazi ukuphrinta izithombe zamakati kusuka ku-intanethi kuwo. Konke okunye kufanele kube sefwini.
I-DevOps gurus izofika futhi yenze yonke into ebazungezile, ngakho-ke abalawuli kuzodingeka bakhumbule kuphela ngokufudumele emiphefumulweni yabo ukuthi ezinsukwini zakudala babegijima kanjani ama-pings kanye nemikhondo ukuze bahlole izinkinga eziyisisekelo kunethiwekhi nakumaseva.
Ngaphinde ngezwa ngento efana nethi “Vendekapets”, kodwa lokho kwakukudala kakhulu, ekuqaleni komsebenzi wami, lapho ngisaqala ukuthatha izinyathelo zami zokuqala zokuphatha uhlelo. Kodwa ngesizathu esithile, "amaVendekapets" awazange afike, njengokuphela komhlaba ngokwekhalenda lamaMaya. Ukuqondana? Ungacabangi. 🙂

Ingabe abaphathi besistimu ye-Windows, abasebenza eduze nemikhiqizo ye-Microsoft namuhla, maduze nje ngeke basize muntu? Noma sisazoba nesidingo sazo? Ingabe abaphathi be-Windows bazoqhubeka nokugqoka isimo sabo njengabaphathi nonjiniyela, noma bazokwehliselwa endimeni yabasebenzi abanamakhono aphansi ala anykey (nikeza, nika, letha)?

Ngisho nalapha ku-habr.com kuhabhu ethi “Ukuphathwa Kwesistimu” sibona kukhulunywa nge-kubernetes, i-linux, i-devops, i-docker, umthombo ovulekile, zabbix. Aphi amagama esiwathanda kangaka: Windows, Active Directory, Exchange, System Center, Terminal, Print Server, File Server, bat and vbs scripts, noma okungenani powershell. Kuphi konke lokhu?

Ngakho-ke ingabe ikhona impilo ngemuva kweWindows noma kufanele abaphathi bezinhlelo zeWindows nonjiniyela manje bayeke yonke into ukuze bafunde iLinux, docker, kubernetes, ansible, python futhi bangene ku-DevOps?

Mhlawumbe konke kuhamba kahle ngeWindows, ukuthi nje manje sekukhona i-hype yesikhashana ye-Linux + docker + kubernetes + ansible + python inhlanganisela, eye yadlula iWindows yethu esiyithandayo? Yini umlawuli wesistimu ye-Windows okudingeka ayenze ngo-2020 ukuze adingeke emakethe yezabasebenzi?

Ngeshwa, kunemibuzo eminingi lapha kunezimpendulo, ngakho-ke isihloko samanje sizozama ukusisiza ukuthi siqonde yonke into kancane. I-athikili inikezelwe ikakhulukazi kubaphathi nonjiniyela be-Windows, kodwa ngiyaqiniseka ukuthi izoba nentshisekelo nakwabanye ochwepheshe be-IT.

IMicrosoft iya emafini?

Umphathi we-Windows, okokuqala, ungumlandeli we-Microsoft, ngakho-ke ngokuqhubekayo sizokhuluma ngayo nemikhiqizo yayo emangalisayo.

I-Microsoft inephothifoliyo ebanzi yezixazululo zesoftware, iningi lazo elingabaholi ezindaweni zabo. Uma usebenza njengomlawuli we-Windows kanye nonjiniyela, cishe kungenzeka ukuthi uhlangabezane nazo ngandlela thile. Ngezansi ngizonikeza incazelo emfushane yomkhiqizo ngamunye futhi ngichaze amathuba angenzeka okuthuthukiswa kwawo eminyakeni engu-3-5 ezayo. Lokhu akuyona imfihlo yangaphakathi evela endlunkulu e-Redmond, kodwa umbono wami siqu, ngakho-ke amaphuzu ahlukile wokubuka kumazwana akhuthazwa kakhulu.

Ukufakwa kwasendaweni (emagcekeni)

I-Microsoft Exchange Server – iseva yemeyili enemisebenzi eminingi engahlanganisi ukusebenza ngeposi kuphela, kodwa futhi noxhumana nabo, amakhalenda, imisebenzi nokunye okuningi. I-Exchange Server ingenye yemikhiqizo ephambili yakwa-Microsoft, osekuphenduke indinganiso yezinkampani eziningi ezinkampanini eziningi. Inokuhlanganiswa okuseduze hhayi ngemikhiqizo ye-Microsoft ngokwayo, kodwa futhi nezixazululo ezivela kubathengisi bezinkampani zangaphandle. Ukushintshana kudumile kuzo zombili izinkampani ezimaphakathi (kusuka kubantu abayi-100) kanye nezinkampani ezinkulu.

Ngalesi sikhathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-Exchange Server 2019 ibhekwa njengenguqulo yamanje. Ngaphambilini, umkhiqizo wawukhula ngenkuthalo, kodwa kusukela ngenguqulo ye-Exchange 2013, lokhu kuthuthukiswa kwehle kakhulu, ngakho-ke i-Exchange 2016 ingabizwa nge-Service Pack 1. I-SP1) ye-Exchange 2013, kanye ne-Exchange 2019 - ngakho-ke i-Service Pack 2 (SP2) ye-Exchange 2013. Isiphetho senguqulo elandelayo yasendaweni (Exchange 2022) sisabuzwa.

Manje iMicrosoft igqugquzela i-Exchange Online njengengxenye yesevisi yamafu ye-Office 365, ngakho yonke imisebenzi emisha ibonakala lapho. I-Exchange Online ngeke nje ibe eyokuqala ukuthola izici ezintsha, kodwa izophinde izuze amakhono angeziwe angeke adluliselwe ekufakweni kwendawo maduze nje. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze kusheshiswe izinguquko zezinkampani eziningi efwini, ngoba... Imodeli yokubhalisa izuzisa kakhulu ngokwezezimali ku-Microsoft kunokuthengisa kanye.

Uma okwamanje ugcina ukufakwa kwasendaweni kwe-Exchange Server (2013 - 2019), ungaqhubeka nokwenza kanjalo iminyaka emi-3-5 elandelayo. Endleleni, kufanelekile ukuqala ukuhlola amathuba ahlinzekwa yi-Exchange Online; futhi ukulungiselelwa okuyingxube kulapho izinguqulo zendawo nezefu zikhona ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ngisho noma sicabanga ukuthi ngeke isaba khona inguqulo elandelayo yasendaweni ye-Exchange, ulwazi oluzuziwe manje mayelana ne-Exchange Server luzoqhubeka lufaneleka isikhathi esithile esizayo ngenxa yezizathu ezimbalwa:

Inani lokufakwa kwasendaweni likhulu impela, ngakho-ke kuzodingeka abalawuli abaqeqeshiwe ukuze bakusekele. Akuzona zonke izinhlangano ezizokwazi ukuhambisa imeyili yazo efwini maduze nje ngesizathu esisodwa noma esinye.
Amaphrojekthi okuthutha amafu awakabi yinto encane, ngakho-ke ulwazi lwemininingwane yakho kokubili endaweni nezixazululo zamafu luyadingeka ukuze kugwenywe izingibe eziningi futhi kuqedelwe ngempumelelo ukuthutha.
Ulwazi lwe-smtpimapmapipop3, ukugeleza kwemeyili, i-dkim, i-dmark, i-spf, i-antivirus, iphrothokholi ye-antispam lukhona yonke indawo futhi luzosebenza kunoma imaphi amasistimu wemeyili.
Okuhlangenwe nakho okutholwe ngokusebenza ne-Exchange Server yasendaweni kuzokuvumela ukuthi uqonde i-Exchange Online futhi usethe ukucushwa okufunayo ngokushesha okukhulu.
I-imeyili ingenye yeziteshi ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuxhumana nomhlaba wangaphandle, ngakho isidingo sayo sizohlala. Awudingi ukulalela abalandeli "bezithunywa kanye ne-chat bots bazongena esikhundleni se-imeyili", ngoba... “Bangcwaba” iposi izikhathi eziningi futhi kuze kube manje kodwa abazange baphumelele.

I-Skype Yebhizinisi (SfB) (eyayiyi-Lync) - isithunywa senkampani esinamakhono athuthukile. Inokuhlanganiswa okuseduze neseva ye-Exchange, kodwa iphansi kakhulu kuneyakamuva ngokuthandwa. I-Skype Yebhizinisi ivamise ukusetshenziswa ezinkampanini ezinkulu kuphela, ngoba... Izinkampani ezincane nezincane azinandaba nayo.

Inguqulo yamanje manje i-Skype for Business 2019, enomehluko omncane uma iqhathaniswa nenguqulo yangaphambilini ye-Skype for Business 2016, ngakho-ke i-SfB 2019 ingabhekwa njenge-Service Pack 1 ye-SfB 2016, hhayi inguqulo entsha egcwele.

Efwini le-Office 365, lo mkhiqizo wethulwa yisevisi ye-Skype yeBusiness Online, okwathi ngemva kwesikhathi esithile yathathelwa indawo ngokuphelele Amaqembu e-Microsoft, i.e. Okwamanje, i-Skype Yebhizinisi ayitholakali efwini le-Office 365. Ngalesi sizathu, akufanele neze ukulindela inguqulo yasendaweni elandelayo ye-Skype Yebhizinisi 2022, njengoba okuhamba phambili kweMicrosoft ukuthuthukiswa nokuthuthukiswa kwesithunywa seThimba, okube yimpendulo yomthengisi ekuveleni kwesithunywa se-Slack esiphumelele.

Uma njengamanje uphethe i-Skype Yebhizinisi lendawo futhi uthanda umqondo wesithunywa sebhizinisi, ngakho-ke ngikweluleka ukuthi ubheke Amathimba njengengxenye ye-Office 365, ngaphandle kwalokho kungcono ukhethe omunye umkhiqizo ukuze uthuthukise ulwazi lwakho, ngoba I-Skype yasendaweni Yebhizinisi isizoshabalala. Ngokungafani ne-Exchange, esekuyi-de facto indinganiso ku-niche ye-mail server, i-Skype Yebhizinisi namuhla inezinye izindlela. Ithimba kanye ne-Slack yezinkampani ezinkulu neziphakathi. I-Telegram, Viber, Whatsapp - yezinkampani ezincane.

I-SharePoint – ingosi yebhizinisi yangaphakathi lapho izinkampani zingathumela khona izinsiza zazo zeWebhu eziwusizo (ishejuli yeholide, uhlu lwabasebenzi abanezithombe nezinombolo zocingo, izikhumbuzo zosuku lokuzalwa, izindaba zebhizinisi, njll.). Abasebenzisi bangagcina, bahlele, futhi babelane ngamafayela abawabeka emitapweni yolwazi yabo ye-SharePoint.

I-SharePoint ifana ne-Bitrix24, enkulu kuphela, esebenza kakhulu, ebiza kakhulu futhi enzima kakhulu ukuyilungisa nokusekela. Izici ezibulalayo yikhono lokuhlela ngesikhathi esisodwa idokhumenti eyodwa ngenani elikhulu labasebenzi, okuyinto elula kakhulu lapho abantu abayi-100 bezama ukugcwalisa uhlelo lweholide, nokuhlanganiswa ne-Office Online Server kanye ne-MS Office yendawo.

I-Sharepoint ingumkhiqizo omkhulu, oyinkimbinkimbi futhi obizayo, ngakho-ke ngokuvamile isetshenziswa izinkampani ezinkulu kuphela. Izinkampani ezincane zisebenzisa i-Bitrix24 noma ama-analogue ayo, noma zivele zigcine amafayela kumaseva wamafayela, futhi zisabalalise izinsiza zeWebhu eziwusizo kumasayithi ahlukene angaphakathi.

Amapulazi e-SharePoint (amaqoqo) ngokuvamile aphethwe abathuthukisi abanemisebenzi yomlawuli, hhayi ngabaphathi besistimu "abahlanzekile", ngoba Ukuze i-SharePoint isuke futhi ibe usizo enkampanini, kuningi okudingeka kwengezwe kuyo kusetshenziswa ikhodi.

I-Office 365 ihlanganisa i-SharePoint Online, okuyinguqulo eyenziwe lula ye-SharePoint yendawo, i.e. Inenani elincane lezinketho zokwenza ngokwezifiso futhi "yenzelwe ukuthi ivumelane nawe," kodwa ikhulula umthuthukisi kanye nomphathi eziningi zekhanda elibuhlungu mayelana nokusebenza kwayo. Isinqumo sami yilesi: inkimbinkimbi kanye nezindleko eziphakeme zokusekela inguqulo yasendaweni ye-SharePoint kuzothatha umonakalo futhi izinkampani zizoqala ngenjabulo ukuthuthela ku-SharePoint Online, noma zilahle i-Sharepoint ngokuphelele zivuna isixazululo esilula. Mina ngokwami angiyiboni impilo emnandi nengenandaba ye-SharePoint ekufakweni kwendawo.

Isikhungo Sesistimu iwumndeni wonke wemikhiqizo yokusatshalaliswa, ukulungisa, ukuphatha nokuqapha ingqalasizinda ye-Windows emikhulu. Ukwahlulela kuhlanganisa: Umphathi Wokucushwa Kwesikhungo Sesistimu (i-SCCM), Umphathi Womshini Obonakalayo Wesikhungo Sesistimu (i-SCVMM), Umphathi Wokusebenza Kwesikhungo Sesistimu (i-SCOM), Umphathi Wokuvikelwa Kwedatha Yesikhungo Sesistimu (SCDPM), Umphathi Wesevisi Yesikhungo Sesistimu (SCSM), I-System Center Orchestrator (SCORCH ).

Uhlu oluphelele lwemikhiqizo ye-System Center ngokuvamile ludingeka izinkampani ezinkulu kuphela, kuyilapho izinkampani ezimaphakathi zivamise ukusebenzisa umkhiqizo owodwa noma emibili kuphela.

Njengoba imikhiqizo ye-System Center inzima kakhulu ukuyifunda futhi ivame ukusetshenziswa ezingqalasizinda ezinkulu kuphela, kuyisiko ukwabela abantu abahlukene ukuthi basebenze nabo, isibonelo, umqondisi wokuqapha amasistimu (SCOM), umqondisi wokulungisa indawo yokusebenzela (SCCM), a umlawuli wesistimu ye-virtualization (Hyper -V + SCVMM), Umphathi Wokuzenzakalela Kwengqalasizinda (SCORCH + SCSM).

I-Microsoft ithuthukisa ngokushesha izinsizakalo zayo zamafu, ngakho-ke ukusebenza kweSikhungo Sesistimu kancane kancane kuya efwini. Konke lokhu kuzoba nomthelela omkhulu ku-System Center imikhiqizo esezakhiweni maduze nje.

Ukusebenza I-System Center Orchestrator (SCORCH) izothathelwa indawo ngokuzayo isevisi ye-Azure Automation (https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/automation/automation-intro).

Ukusebenza Umphathi Wokusebenza Kwesikhungo Sesistimu (i-SCOM) izongena esikhundleni sesevisi ye-Azure Monitor ngokuzayo (https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-monitor/overview).

Ukusebenza Umphathi Wokuvikelwa Kwedatha Yesikhungo Sesistimu (SCDPM) izongena esikhundleni sesevisi ye-Azure Backup ngokuzayo (https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/backup/backup-overview).

Ukusebenza Umphathi Wesevisi Yesikhungo Sesistimu (SCSM) izoyeka ukudingeka noma izothathelwa indawo yinoma yiluphi olunye uhlelo lwamathikithi, isibonelo, i-Jira.

I-System Center Virtual Machine Manager (SCVMM) okwamanje izohlala nezinkampani ezisebenzisa i-Hyper-V virtualization endaweni. Ukufakwa okuncane kwe-Hyper-V (amaseva ayi-10-15) kungaphathwa ngempumelelo ngaphandle kwe-SCVMM kusetshenziswa amathuluzi ajwayelekile kuphela - I-Failover Cluster Manager, i-Hyper-V Manager, i-Windows Admin Center.

I-System Center Configuration Manager (SCCM) - esetshenziselwa ukuthunyelwa ngobuningi bezinhlelo zokusebenza, ukufakwa kwezicelo zezinkampani ezivela kukhathalogi eyodwa, ukufakwa kwezibuyekezo zeWindows kumaseva kanye nezindawo zokusebenza, uhlu lwezicelo nokubalwa kwamalayisensi. Kubonakala sengathi lona ukuphela komkhiqizo ovela kuwo wonke ulayini weSistimu Yesikhungo ozohlala nathi kungqalasizinda esendaweni, ngoba... Okwamanje akwenzeki ukuyishintsha ngokugcwele ngokuthile okusekelwe emafini.

Uma njengamanje ugcina ukufakwa endaweni kwe-System Center Configuration Manager (SCCM), ungaqhubeka nokwenza lokho ngoba umkhiqizo uzoba nathi okungenani iminyaka emi-3-5 ezayo. Ukwengeza, ngingancoma ukuthi ngiqale ukufunda amakhono e-Office 365, ngoba... lokhu kungamataniswa kahle nesikhundla Somlawuli Wedeskithophu Yebhizinisi.

Indima yomlawuli yeminye imikhiqizo eminingi Yesikhungo Sesistimu izosuswa. Izinsizakalo ze-Azure zenza umsebenzi wazo ube lula kakhulu, zifihle konke okuyinkimbinkimbi emehlweni okubuka. Ake sithathe umlawuli we-automation (SCORCH + SCSM) njengesibonelo. I-SCORCH izothathelwa indawo yi-Azure Automation. Ulwazi lwenqubo ye-automation, i-PowerShell, i-SQL izohlala futhi ibe usizo ku-Azure Automation, kodwa ulwazi lokwakha amaqoqo e-SCORCH, ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwawo okuphezulu, ubukhulu bezinsiza, ukuvuselela, ukuthuthela ezinguqulweni ezintsha, ukwenza isipele nokuqapha kuzolahlekelwa ukuhambisana kwakho, ngoba Wonke lo msebenzi uzothathwa yifu le-Azure. Umlawuli we-automation uzogxila kuphela kwinqubo ye-automation ngokwayo, ngoba... Wonke umsebenzi wokugcina ukusebenza kwengqalasizinda ezishintshayo uzosuswa kuye.

Iseva yeWindows nezindima zayo

Uhla lwemibhalo olusebenzayo (AD) – indawo lapho kugcinwa khona ama-akhawunti omsebenzisi nawekhompyutha. Uma inkampani inamakhompyutha angaphezu kuka-20, cishe cishe isivele inohlobo oluthile lwesizinda se-Active Directory. Ulwazi lwe-Active Directory, ikhono lokuhlukanisa isizinda nehlathi, kanye nekhono lokusebenza ngezinqubomgomo zeqembu kuyisibopho kunoma yimuphi umlawuli we-Windows. Lolu lwazi luzosebenza eminye iminyaka engu-20. Ukwengeza, ngingancoma ukuthi uzijwayeze nge-Azure AD (AAD), ubheke izinketho zokuvumelanisa abasebenzisi phakathi kwezakhiwo ezikhona kanye nezingqalasizinda zamafu.

I-DNS, i-DHCP - amasevisi enethiwekhi, ukuqonda okuwusizo kuzo zonke izindawo ze-IT, kusukela ekuphathweni kuya ezinhlelweni, ngakho-ke kufanele uzazi. Ukuqonda ukusebenza kwamanethiwekhi, izivumelwano zomzila, amamodeli e-OSI kanye ne-TCPIP kuzoba ukuhlanganisa okuqinisekile kunoma yimuphi uchwepheshe we-IT.

I-Hyper-V - igama laso sonke isitaki sobuchwepheshe be-virtualization evela kwaMicrosoft kanye ne-hypervisor yayo ikakhulukazi. Ikhula ngokushesha okukhulu, nakuba ngokubona kwami, izici eziningi ezintsha (i-VM evikelekile, i-Encrypted Subnets, Storage Spaces Direct) ihloselwe ikakhulukazi abahlinzeki bamafu basendaweni (i-Cloud Service) kanye nasemhlabeni (Azure), hhayi enkampanini. ingxenye (Ibhizinisi). Lokhu ngokuvamile kuyaqondakala, njengoba iMicrosoft iqala ukusebenzisa futhi ihlola ukusebenza okusha efwini layo le-Azure, bese ikudlulisela ku-Windows Server naku-Hyper-V.

I-Hyper-V isanenkinga yokuntuleka kwekhonsoli eyodwa yamahhala enikeza zonke izici ezidingekayo. Manje sineFailover Cluster Manager, iHyper-V Manager, Windows Admin Center. I-SCVMM bekufanele ibe ikhonsoli enjalo, kodwa iyakhokhwa futhi kunzima ukuyifunda.

Uma okwamanje ugcina ukufakwa kwendawo kwe-Hyper-V ngaphandle kwe-SCVMM, ungaqhubeka nokwenza kanjalo. Ngokuhambisanayo, ngingancoma ukuthi ngiqale ukufunda i-Azure IaaS kanye nezindlela zokufuduka kwemishini ebonakalayo phakathi kwamafu nengqalasizinda yasendaweni.

Phakathi kwemvelo yami (amabhange, izingcingo, izinkampani zomshwalense, ukubamba okukhulu kwezimboni), konke ukubonwa okukhiqizayo, njengomthetho, kulawulwa yi-VMware vSphere, hhayi i-Hyper-V nge-SCVMM, ngakho-ke ngingancoma ukuthi umlawuli we-Hyper-V abukeke. maqondana ne-VMware kanye nemikhiqizo yayo.

Izinsizakalo zefu

I-Office 365 iyisevisi yefu ehlinzeka ngokubhaliselwe kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Microsoft Office (inguqulo yasendaweni neyewebhu), futhi ihlanganisa nemikhiqizo yeseva eyinhloko - Ukushintshanisa, Amathimba, i-OneDrive kanye ne-Sharepoint.

Okwamanje, i-Office 365 iyisevisi ezimele ecishe ihlangabezane ngokuphelele nezidingo zokuxhumana zasehhovisi. Ngenxa yokulula kwayo ukusetha, ilungele kokubili izinkampani ezincane kanye namabhizinisi aphakathi nendawo namakhulu.

Ukuba khona kwezinsizakalo ezivele zisetshenzisiwe ze-Exchange, Teams, OneDrive kanye ne-Sharepoint efwini kunciphisa kakhulu umthwalo kumphathi wesistimu, ngoba zonke izinqubo zokufakwa, ukukalwa kwezisetshenziswa, ukubuyekezwa kanye nokuthuthela ezinguqulweni ezintsha manje sezilele ku-Microsoft ngokuphelele. Ukube ngaphambilini bekudingeka abalawuli abazinikele ngokwehlukana abangu-4-6 ukuze kugcinwe i-Exchange, Teams, OneDrive kanye neSharepoint engqalasizinda yendawo, manje ku-Office 365 umlawuli oyisilinganiso esisodwa kuphela owanele. Uma okuthile kungasebenzi noma kungasebenzi kahle, ungakha ithikithi lokuya kusekelo lwezobuchwepheshe lwe-Microsoft ngokuqondile kusixhumi esibonakalayo se-Office 1, esilula kakhulu.

Uma njengamanje ungumqondisi wesistimu ogcina izinguqulo zasendaweni ze-Exchange, i-Skype yeBhizinisi noma imikhiqizo ye-Sharepoint, ngingancoma ukuthi ubheke izinguqulo zabo zamafu njengengxenye ye-Office 365 ukuze uqonde ukuthi zikufanela kanjani nokuthi imuphi umsebenzi abawuhlinzekayo uma uqhathanisa nawo. izinguqulo zasendaweni.

I-Azure iyinkundla yamafu yomhlaba wonke evela ku-Microsoft ehlanganisa isethi ehlala ikhula yezinsizakalo zamafu ezisiza izinhlangano ukuxazulula izinkinga zazo zebhizinisi. Njengamanje, i-Azure ihlanganisa izinsizakalo ezingaphezu kuka-300, eziqoqwe ngezigaba ezahlukene (ikhompyutha, inethiwekhi, isitoreji, imininingwane yolwazi, izibalo, i-inthanethi yezinto, ukuphepha, i-devOps, iziqukathi, njll.).

Njengoba iqale ukuvela ngo-2009, iMicrosoft Azure manje isingesinye sezikhundla eziholayo emakethe yezinsizakalo zamafu yomhlaba wonke, iqhudelana lapho ngempumelelo ne-Amazon AWS.

Ngokombiko wakamuva wezezimali (https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/Investor/earnings/FY-2019-Q4/press-release-webcast) Inzuzo yekota ye-Microsoft (Q4 2019) ikhule ngo-49% ngenxa yempumelelo ye-Office 365 nebhizinisi lamafu. Imali engenayo ye-Azure ikhule ngo-64%.

I-Azure, kanye neHhovisi 365, yizindawo eziyinhloko lapho iMicrosoft iqondisa khona izinsiza zayo zezimali nenhlangano.

Ukuchichima kwezinsizakalo endaweni yesikhulumi se-Azure kungadida ngisho nochwepheshe be-IT abanolwazi, ngakho-ke ngezansi kunencazelo yengqalasizinda yeseva ye-Windows, lapho kubakaki ngizokhombisa ama-analogue abo efu le-Azure. Ngethemba ukuthi lokhu kuzosebenza njengesiqalo sokufunda i-Azure, ngoba, njengoba wazi, udinga ukuqala kancane, kancane kancane ujule.

Ingqalasizinda ejwayelekile yeseva yeWindows ibukeka kanjena:

I-Active Directory (AD) enezinqubomgomo zeqembu kanye ne-DNS. (I-Azure Active Directory (AAD), i-Azure DNS).
DHCP
Shintshanisa iseva yemeyili. (Shintshanisa nge-inthanethi njengengxenye ye-Office 365).
Ipulazi le-RDS elinamaseva amatheminali amaningana. (Umshini we-Azure virtual + Inethiwekhi ye-Azure Virtual + Isitoreji se-Azure).
Iseva yefayela lapho abasebenzi begcina khona amafayela abo. (I-Azure File Storage, umshini obonakalayo we-Azure + Inethiwekhi ye-Azure Virtual + Isitoreji se-Azure)
Amaseva anezinhlelo zokusebenza nezizindalwazi (1C, ingosi yesayithi yangaphakathi, i-CRM, njll.). (I-Azure SQL Database, Azure Web Sites, Microsoft Dynamics 365, umshini we-Azure virtual + I-Azure Virtual Network + Isitoreji se-Azure)

Imisebenzi yokuphatha eyinhloko yilena:

Ukudala izipele. (Isipele se-Azure).
Ukuqoqwa nokuhlaziywa kwamalogi. (Izibalo Zelogi ze-Azure).
Ukuzenzakalela kwemisebenzi evamile. (I-Azure Automation).
Ukuqapha isimo sezinsizakalo kanye nokuthola izaziso mayelana nokwehluleka (I-Azure Monitor).

Kubaphathi beWindows abagcina ingqalasizinda yendawo, ngingaluleka kuqala ukuthi babheke ama-analog ezinsiza zabo abazithandayo efwini le-Azure ukuze ngisebenze nabo kancane, banqume ukuthi ziwusizo yini enkampanini, futhi, mhlawumbe, bahlele izinketho ezixubile, ukukhetha. okuhle kakhulu kuyo yomibili imihlaba.

Izifundo zokuqeqesha

Ukugcizelela kweMicrosoft ekuthuthukisweni kwemikhiqizo yayo kancane kancane kuya kuzixazululo zamafu, ngakho-ke udinga ukuqala ukuzifunda manje. Ngingalutholaphi ulwazi olwengeziwe nge-Azure ngesiRashiya? Ngeshwa, azikho izinsiza ezinjalo eziningi.

I-Microsoft inikezela ngokusebenzisa ingosi yayo ye-Microsoft Learn - https://docs.microsoft.com/ru-ru/learn/browse/. Umbhalo uhunyushelwa olimini lwesiRashiya, ividiyo inikezwa ngesiNgisi, nakuba inemibhalo engezansi yesiRashiya.

Njengento enhle nesezingeni eliphezulu yokufunda i-Azure, ngingancoma isifundo se-Exam AZ-900 Azure Fundamentals, u-Igor Shastitko asifunda esiteshini sakhe se-YouTube (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_2-txkA3Daw&list=PLB5YmwQw0Jl-RinSNOOv2rqZ5FV_ihEd7). Okwamanje kunamavidiyo angu-13, kodwa uma kunosekelo olwanele olusebenzayo oluvela emphakathini (njengokubhalisa), izinto zokusebenza zizovela ngokushesha futhi ukuqhubeka ngeke kuthathe isikhathi eside.

Ukwengeza, esiteshini se-iwalker2000, ngincoma ukubuka uhlu lwadlalwayo oluthi “Umsebenzi We-IT: Ungaba Kanjani Ingcweti Ye-IT,” oluzosiza ongoti abasafufusa banqume indlela yokuthuthuka kwabo futhi bakhe umsebenzi wabo ngendlela efanele. (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ojyHLPZA6uU&list=PLB5YmwQw0Jl-Qzsq56k1M50cE6KqO11PB)

Ngeshwa, azikho izinto eziningi ku-Azure ngesiRashiya njengoba singathanda, ngakho-ke uma wazi ezinye izinsiza eziwusizo ngalesi sihloko, sicela wabelane ngazo kumazwana. Ochwepheshe abaningi be-IT bazokubonga ngalokhu.

okutholakele

Yiziphi iziphetho ezingafinyelelwa kukho konke lokhu okungenhla?

Kusekhona impilo engqalasizinda ye-Microsoft, futhi ayihambi. I-Microsoft inephothifoliyo ebanzi ngokwanele yezixazululo zesoftware, iningi labo okungabaholi ezindaweni zabo, ngakho-ke umlawuli wesistimu uhlala enokuthile okufanele akufunde, akusebenzise, akusebenzise futhi akuthuthukise.
Ingqalasizinda ye-Microsoft manje iyashintsha ngokuqhubekayo, futhi lokhu kwenzeka ngokugcizelela ekuthuthukisweni kwezinsizakalo zamafu - i-Azure ne-Office 365. Imikhiqizo emisha ye-Microsoft nezinhlelo zokusebenza zizodalelwa ekuqaleni ukuze zisebenze emafini kubhekiselwa kumodeli yokubhalisa enezinkokhelo zanyanga zonke. Eminye yale mikhiqizo kuphela ezosetshenziswa kamuva kuzixazululo ezikhona.
Eminye imikhiqizo ebizayo futhi okunzima ukuyisekela izosishiya maduzane, ihamba iyonke noma ingxenye yayo iye efwini le-Azure noma i-Office 365. Abaphathi abangabodwana abahlala begcina umkhiqizo owodwa nje (isibonelo, i-SCOM, i-SCSM, njll.) maduze kuqedwe.
Uma ungumqondisi wesistimu onolwazi osebenza ku-ecosystem ye-Microsoft, awudingi ukulahla yonke into bese ugijimela ku-DevOps, osekukhulunywa ngayo kuwo wonke amakhona. Ungaqhubeka nokuthuthuka lapho uya khona, wengeza amakhono kuzinsiza zamafu ze-Azure ne-Office 365.
Ukuze uhlale unguchwepheshe ofunwayo emakethe yezemisebenzi, kuzodingeka ukuthi ufunde, ufunde futhi ufunde futhi. Umqondo "wemfundo yempilo yonke" ye-IT ubaluleke kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili, ikakhulukazi manje ngezikhathi zokuthuthukiswa okusebenzayo kobuchwepheshe bamafu.
I-DevOps manje isisezingeni eliphezulu lokuduma kwayo (hype). Kuyiqiniso. Ekuqaleni, i-DevOps yayibonwa njengendlela evumela ukuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe nokusebenza ukuthi kuhlanganiswe, nabahleli bezinhlelo nonjiniyela besebenza ndawonye befinyelela umgomo owodwa - ukwenza isofthiwe ibe ngcono. Okugcizelelwa kakhulu kwakuwukushintsha isiko lokuxhumana phakathi kwamaqembu, ukuthuthukisa izindlela zokusizana kanye nesibopho esihlangene somphumela wokugcina. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yalokho, lokhu kwaholela ekuveleni kwesikhundla esisha - unjiniyela we-DevOps, okwanikezwa kuye imisebenzi yonjiniyela wokukhululwa (CICD), umlawuli we-automation, umqondisi wamafu kanye nonjiniyela wokusebenza. Lokhu sekuvele kuyi-fait accompli. Inombolo yezikhala ze-DevOps kanye nezidingo zabo ziqinisekisa lokhu kuphela.
I-DevOps manje ingabhekwa njengendlela eyengeziwe yokuthuthukisa unjiniyela womlawuli wezinhlelo. I-DevOps iyindlela enhle yokuthi umlawuli aguqule imboni yakhe yamanje ibe yimboni yokuthuthukisa isoftware. Labo abathanda izikripthi zekhodi ezizenzakalelayo nokubhala bazogcina sebengabathuthukisi, futhi labo abathanda izinto zengqalasizinda (amanethiwekhi, amaseva, i-OS, amafu, njll.) bazoba onjiniyela be-DevOps.
Uma uchwepheshe osaqalayo, noma ungena nje ku-IT, khona-ke i-DevOps manje isiyindlela enhle yokuthuthukisa ngesikhathi esifushane futhi uthole umsebenzi enkampanini evamile, ngomholo ohloniphekile kanye nehhovisi elihle, ngakho-ke funda i-Linux, Ansible, I-Docker, i-Kubernetes, i-Python ne-CICD.

Muva nje, isidingo seplatifomu ye-Linux kanye nezixazululo ezihlobene nokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe senyukile, kodwa lokhu akubangelwa i-ecosystem ye-Microsoft, kodwa kuvele i-niche entsha lapho i-Docker ne-Kubernetes isetshenziswa khona ngenkuthalo, izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-monolithic zisikwa zibe yizinsizakalo ezincane. , futhi ibhizinisi lidinga ijubane elengeziwe lokukhishwa kwesofthiwe ukunciphisa isikhathi sokumaketha ukusebenza okusha.

Source: www.habr.com

Ingabe ikhona impilo ngemva kweWindows noma umqondisi/unjiniyela wesistimu yeWindows kufanele athuthuke kuphi ngo-2020?