Ngandlela-thile ngesinye isikhathi nganquma ukubhala isihloko mayelana nokulethwa ngendlela yeziqukathi ze-Docker namaphakheji e-deb, kodwa lapho ngiqala, ngesizathu esithile ngabuyiselwa ezikhathini ezikude zamakhompiyutha okuqala omuntu siqu ngisho nezibalo. Ngokuvamile, esikhundleni sokuqhathanisa okomile kwe-docker ne-deb, sithole le micabango esihlokweni sokuziphendukela kwemvelo, engiyethula ukuze usicabangele.
Noma yimuphi umkhiqizo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uyini, kufanele ngandlela thize ufike eziphakelini zomkhiqizo, kufanele umiswe futhi wethulwe. Yilokho lesi sihloko esizokhuluma ngakho.
Ngizocabanga ngokomlando, βengikubonayo yilokho engicula ngakho,β engakubona lapho ngiqala ukubhala ikhodi nalokho engikubonayo manje, lokho thina ngokwethu esikusebenzisayo okwamanje nokuthi kungani. Lesi sihloko asizenzisi isifundo esigcwele, amanye amaphuzu aphuthelwe, lokhu kuwumbono wami siqu ngalokho okwakukhona nokuthi yini manje.
Ngakho, ezinsukwini zakudala ezinhle... indlela yokuqala yokulethwa engayithola kwakungamakhasethi avela kumarekhoda. Benginekhompyutha ethi BK-0010.01...
Isikhathi sokubala
Cha, kwakunesikhathi sangaphambili, kwakukhona nesibali ΠΈ .
Ngakho lapho nginakho , khona-ke indlela yokudlulisa uhlelo kwakuyiphepha elivamile ebhokisini okwakubhalwe kulo uhlelo, okwakuthi uma kudingekile, ukuluqhuba ngesandla, lubhalwe emshinini wokubala. Uma ufuna ukudlala (yebo, ngisho nalesi sibali sokubala sangaphambi kokubhubha komhlaba sasinemidlalo) - uhlala phansi bese ufaka uhlelo emshinini wokubala. Ngokwemvelo, lapho umshini wokubala uvaliwe, uhlelo lwanyamalala lwaze lwaphela. Ngaphezu kwamakhodi wokubala abhalwe ephepheni ngesandla sakhe, izinhlelo zanyatheliswa komagazini "Umsakazo" kanye "Nezobuchwepheshe Bentsha", futhi zanyatheliswa ezincwadini zangaleso sikhathi.
Ukuguqulwa okulandelayo kwaba isibali , isivele inokufana okuthile kokugcinwa kwedatha okungaguquguquki. Manje umdlalo noma uhlelo bekungadingeki ukuthi lufakwe ngesandla, kodwa ngemva kokwenza amaphasi omlingo ngezinkinobho, lwazilayisha lona.
Usayizi wohlelo olukhulu kunawo wonke emshinini wokubala wawuyizinyathelo ezingu-105, futhi usayizi wenkumbulo ehlala njalo ku-MK-52 wawuyizinyathelo ezingu-512.
Ngendlela, uma kukhona abalandeli balezi zibali abafunda lesi sihloko, ngesikhathi sokubhala isihloko ngithole kokubili i-emulator yokubala ye-Android nezinhlelo zayo. Phambili kwedlule!
Ukwehla okufushane mayelana ne-MK-52 (kusuka ku-Wikipedia)
I-MK-52 indize emkhathini kumkhumbi-mkhathi we-Soyuz TM-7. Bekufanele isetshenziselwe ukubala i-trajectory yokufika uma kwenzeka ikhompuyutha esebhodini yehluleka.
Kusukela ngo-52, i-MK-1988 eneyunithi yokwandisa inkumbulo ye-Elektronika-Astro iye yanikezwa imikhumbi ye-Navy njengengxenye yekhithi yekhompuyutha yokuhamba.
Amakhompyutha womuntu siqu wokuqala
Ake sibuyele ezikhathini . Kuyacaca ukuthi kwakunenkumbulo eyengeziwe lapho, futhi ukuthayipha ikhodi ephepheni kwakungaseyona inketho (yize ekuqaleni ngenza lokho, ngoba kwakungekho enye indlela). Amakhasethi omsindo weziqophamazwi aba izindlela eziyinhloko zokugcina nokuletha isofthiwe.
Isitoreji kukhasethi ngokuvamile sasisesimweni sefayela elilodwa noma amabili kanambambili, konke okunye kwakuqukethwe ngaphakathi. Ukuthembeka kwakuphansi kakhulu, kwakudingeka ngigcine amakhophi angu-2-3 ohlelo. Izikhathi zokulayisha nazo bezidumaza, futhi abashisekayo bazame ngokufaka amakhodi okuvama okuhlukile ukuze banqobe lokhu kushiyeka. Ngaleso sikhathi, mina ngokwami ββngangingakabandakanyeki ekuthuthukisweni kwesofthiwe yobuchwepheshe (ngaphandle kokubala izinhlelo ezilula ku-BASIC), ngakho-ke, ngeshwa, ngeke ngikutshele ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi konke kwakuhlelwe kanjani ngaphakathi. Lona kanye iqiniso lokuthi ikhompuyutha yayine-RAM kuphela ingxenye enkulu yanquma ubulula bohlelo lokugcinwa kwedatha.
Ukuvela kwemidiya yokugcina ethembekile nenkulu
Kamuva, kwavela ama-floppy disks, inqubo yokukopisha yenziwa yaba lula, nokwethembeka kwanda.
Kodwa isimo sishintsha kakhulu kuphela lapho isitoreji sendawo esikhulu ngokwanele sivela ngesimo sama-HDD.
Uhlobo lokulethwa lushintsha ngokuyisisekelo: izinhlelo zesifaki zivela ezilawula inqubo yokumisa uhlelo, kanye nokuhlanza ngemuva kokususwa, ngoba izinhlelo azifundwa nje kumemori, kodwa sezivele zikopishelwe kwisitoreji sendawo, lapho udinga ukuya khona. ukwazi ukusula izinto ezingadingekile uma kunesidingo.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inkimbinkimbi yesofthiwe enikeziwe iyanda.
Inani lamafayela ekulethweni liyakhula lisuka kwambalwa liya kumakhulu nezinkulungwane, ukungqubuzana phakathi kwezinguqulo zelabhulali nezinye izinto ezijabulisayo ziqala lapho izinhlelo ezihlukene zisebenzisa idatha efanayo.
Ngaleso sikhathi, ubukhona be-Linux babungakavulelekile kimi; Ngangihlala emhlabeni we-MS DOS futhi, kamuva, i-Windows, futhi ngabhala e-Borland Pascal naseDelphi, ngezinye izikhathi ngibheke ngase-C++. Abantu abaningi basebenzisa i-InstalShield ukuletha imikhiqizo ngaleso sikhathi. , okuxazulule ngempumelelo yonke imisebenzi eyabelwe yokukhipha nokumisa isoftware.
Isikhathi se-inthanethi
Kancane kancane, ubunkimbinkimbi bezinhlelo zesoftware buba nzima nakakhulu; kusukela kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ze-monolith nedeskithophu kukhona ukushintshela kumasistimu asabalalisiwe, amaklayenti amancane kanye nama-microservices. Manje udinga ukulungisa hhayi uhlelo olulodwa kuphela, kodwa isethi yazo, futhi ukuze bonke basebenze ndawonye.
Umqondo washintsha ngokuphelele, i-intanethi yafika, inkathi yezinsizakalo zamafu yafika. Kuze kube manje, kuphela esigabeni sokuqala, ngesimo samawebhusayithi, akekho oye waphupha ngokukhethekile ngezinsizakalo. kodwa kwaba yinguquko kukho kokubili ukuthuthukiswa nokulethwa kwezicelo.
Ngokwami, ngaphawula ukuthi ngaleso sikhathi kwakukhona ushintsho ezizukulwaneni zabathuthukisi (noma kwakusendaweni yami kuphela), futhi kwaba nomuzwa wokuthi zonke izindlela zokulethwa ezindala zazikhohliwe ngesikhathi esisodwa futhi konke kwaqala kusukela ekuqaleni. isiqalo: konke ukulethwa kwaqala ukwenziwa imibhalo yamadolo futhi ngokuziqhenya ngokuthi "Ukulethwa Okuqhubekayo". Eqinisweni, sekuqalile inkathi yesiphithiphithi, lapho okudala kukhohlakala futhi kungasetshenziswa, futhi okusha kumane kungabi khona.
Ngikhumbula izikhathi lapho enkampanini yethu engangisebenza kuyo ngaleso sikhathi (ngeke ngiyisho), esikhundleni sokwakha ngentuthwane (i-maven yayingakathandwa noma ingekho nhlobo), abantu babevele baqoqe izimbiza ku-IDE futhi bazibophezele ngokuthula. ku-SVN. Ngokufanelekile, ukuthunyelwa kwakuhlanganisa ukubuyisa ifayela ku-SVN nokuyikopisha nge-SSH emshinini owufunayo. Kulula futhi kuyaxaka.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukulethwa kwamasayithi alula ku-PHP kwenziwa ngendlela yakudala kakhulu ngokukopisha ifayela elilungisiwe nge-FTP emshinini oqondiwe. Kwesinye isikhathi lokhu kwakungenjalo - ikhodi yayihlelwa bukhoma kuseva yomkhiqizo, futhi yayinhle kakhulu uma kukhona izipele endaweni ethile.
Amaphakheji we-RPM kanye ne-DEB
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokuthuthukiswa kwe-Intanethi, izinhlelo ezifana ne-UNIX zaqala ukuthandwa kakhulu, ikakhulukazi, kungaleso sikhathi lapho ngathola khona i-RedHat Linux 6, cishe ngo-2000. Ngokwemvelo, bekunezindlela ezithile zokuletha isoftware; ngokusho kweWikipedia, i-RPM njengomphathi wephakeji oyinhloko usevele ngo-1995, enguqulweni yeRedHat Linux 2.0. Futhi kusukela lapho kuze kube namuhla, isistimu ilethwe ngendlela yamaphakheji e-RPM futhi ibikhona ngempumelelo futhi yathuthukiswa.
Ukusatshalaliswa komndeni wakwa-Debian kulandele indlela efanayo futhi kwaqalisa ukulethwa ngendlela yamaphakheji e-deb, elokhu ingashintshile kuze kube yilolu suku.
Abaphathi bamaphakheji bakuvumela ukuthi ulethe imikhiqizo yesofthiwe ngokwabo, uyilungiselele ngesikhathi senqubo yokufaka, ulawule ukuncika phakathi kwamaphakheji ahlukene, ukhiphe imikhiqizo futhi uhlanze izinto ezingadingekile phakathi nenqubo yokukhipha. Labo. ingxenye enkulu, yilokho kuphela okudingekayo, yingakho athatha amashumi ambalwa eminyaka cishe engashintshile.
I-Cloud computing yengeze ukufakwa kubaphathi bephakheji hhayi kuphela kwimidiya ebonakalayo, kodwa futhi kusukela kumakhosombe wamafu, kodwa ngokuyisisekelo kuncane okushintshile.
Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi njengamanje kunezinyathelo ezithile zokusuka kude ne-deb bese ushintshela kumaphakheji we-snap, kodwa ngaphezulu kwalokho kamuva.
Ngakho-ke, lesi sizukulwane esisha sabathuthukisi bamafu, ababengayazi i-DEB noma i-RPM, sakhula kancane kancane, sazuza ulwazi, imikhiqizo yaba yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, futhi ezinye izindlela zokulethwa ezinengqondo zazidingeka kune-FTP, imibhalo ye-bash kanye nemisebenzi yezandla yabafundi efanayo.
Futhi kulapho i-Docker ingena khona esithombeni, uhlobo lwengxube ye-virtualization, ukunqunywa kwezinsiza kanye nendlela yokulethwa. Kusemfashinini futhi kusemusha manje, kodwa ingabe kuyadingeka kukho konke? Ingabe lena i-panacea?
Ngokubona kwami, i-Docker ivame ukuphakanyiswa hhayi njengenketho enengqondo, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukhulunywa ngayo emphakathini, futhi labo abayiphakamisayo bayazi kuphela. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ingxenye enkulu abasho lutho ngezinhlelo zokupakisha ezindala ezinhle - zikhona futhi zenza umsebenzi wazo buthule futhi zinganakwa. Esimweni esinjalo, akukho ngempela okunye ukukhetha - ukukhetha kusobala - i-Docker.
Ngizozama ukwabelana ngolwazi lwami lokuthi siyisebenzise kanjani i-Docker nokuthi kwenzekeni ngenxa yalokho.
Imibhalo ezibhalile
Ekuqaleni, kwakukhona imibhalo ye-bash eyayithumela izingobo zomlando zamajari emishinini edingekayo. Le nqubo ibiphethwe nguJenkins. Lokhu kusebenze ngempumelelo, njengoba ingobo yomlando yembiza ngokwayo isivele iyinhlangano equkethe amakilasi, izinsiza kanye nokucushwa. Uma ubeka yonke into kuyo kuze kube seqophelweni eliphezulu, khona-ke ukunweba kube iskripthi akuyona into enzima kakhulu oyidingayo
Kodwa imibhalo inobubi obuthile:
- imibhalo ivamise ukubhalwa ngokuxhamazela ngakho-ke ingeyakudala kangangokuthi iqukethe isimo esisodwa esingcono kakhulu. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuthi unjiniyela unentshisekelo yokulethwa okusheshayo, futhi umbhalo ojwayelekile udinga ukutshalwa kwezimali kwenani elifanele lezinsiza.
- njengomphumela wephuzu langaphambilini, imibhalo ayiqukethe izinqubo zokukhipha
- ayikho inqubo yokuthuthukisa esunguliwe
- Uma umkhiqizo omusha uvela, udinga ukubhala umbhalo omusha
- akukho ukwesekwa kokuncika
Yiqiniso, ungabhala iskripthi esiyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa, njengoba ngibhale ngenhla, lesi yisikhathi sokuthuthukiswa, futhi hhayi okungenani, futhi, njengoba sazi, kukhona njalo isikhathi esanele.
Konke lokhu ngokusobala kukhawulela ububanzi bokusetshenziswa kwale ndlela yokuthunyelwa kumasistimu alula kuphela. Sesifikile isikhathi sokushintsha lokhu.
Docker
Ngesinye isikhathi, ama-middles asanda kwenziwa aqala ukuza kithi, egcwele imibono futhi exokozela ngedokodo. Awu, ifulegi esandleni - asikwenze! Kube nemizamo emibili. Zombili aziphumelelanga - ake sithi, ngenxa yezifiso ezinkulu, kodwa ukungabi nolwazi lwangempela. Ingabe kwakudingekile ukuba uyiphoqe futhi uyiqede nganoma iyiphi indlela? Angeke kwenzeke - iqembu kufanele liguqukele ezingeni elidingekayo ngaphambi kokuthi lisebenzise amathuluzi afanelekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho sisebenzisa izithombe ze-Docker esenziwe ngomumo, sasivame ukuhlangana neqiniso lokuthi inethiwekhi ayisebenzi kahle (okungenzeka ukuthi kungenxa yomswakama we-Docker ngokwayo) noma kwakunzima ukwandisa iziqukathi zabanye abantu.
Ikuphi ukuphazamiseka esihlangabezane nakho?
- Izinkinga zenethiwekhi kumodi yebhuloho
- Akulungile ukubuka amalogi esitsheni (uma engagcinwanga ngokwehlukana ohlelweni lwefayela lomshini wokusingatha)
- I-ElasticSearch kwesinye isikhathi iba yiqhwa ngokumangalisayo ngaphakathi kwesiqukathi, isizathu asikaziwa, isiqukathi sisemthethweni
- Kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa igobolondo ngaphakathi kwesitsha - yonke into ikhunyulwe kakhulu, awekho amathuluzi ajwayelekile
- Usayizi omkhulu weziqukathi eziqoqiwe - kuyabiza ukuzigcina
- Ngenxa yobukhulu beziqukathi, kunzima ukusekela izinguqulo eziningi
- Isikhathi eside sokwakha, ngokungafani nezinye izindlela (izikripthi noma amaphakheji we-deb)
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kungani kubi kakhulu ukusebenzisa isevisi yaseNtwasahlobo ngendlela yengobo yomlando yembiza ngedeb efanayo? Ingabe ukuhlukaniswa kwezinsiza kuyadingeka ngempela? Ingabe kufanelekile ukulahlekelwa amathuluzi esistimu yokusebenza alula ngokufaka isevisi esitsheni esincishiswe kakhulu?
Njengoba umkhuba ubonisile, empeleni lokhu akudingekile, iphakethe le-deb lanele ku-90% yamacala.
I-deb endala yehluleka nini futhi siyidinga nini ngempela i-docker?
Kithina, lokhu bekuthumela izinsiza ku-python. Imitapo yolwazi eminingi edingekayo yokufunda ngomshini futhi engafakiwe ekusabalaliseni okujwayelekile kwesistimu yokusebenza (futhi bekuyini izinguqulo ezingalungile), ama-hacks anezilungiselelo, isidingo sezinguqulo ezihlukene zezinsizakalo ezihlukene ezihlala ohlelweni olulodwa lomsingathi kuholele ekutheni lokhu , ukuthi ukuphela kwendlela enengqondo yokuletha le ngxube yenuzi kwakuyidokodo. Amandla okusebenza okuhlanganisa isitsha se-docker avele aphansi kunomqondo wokupakisha konke kumaphakheji e-deb ahlukene anokuncika, futhi empeleni akekho noyedwa onengqondo elungile ongenza lokhu.
Iphuzu lesibili lapho sihlela ukusebenzisa i-Docker ukuphakela izinsiza kusetshenziswa uhlelo lokusebenzisa okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokuluhlaza. Kodwa lapha ngifuna ukuthola ukwanda kancane kancane kobunzima: okokuqala, amaphakheji e-deb akhiwa, bese kwakhiwa isitsha se-docker kusuka kubo.
Snap amaphakheji
Masibuyele kumaphakheji we-snap. Baqale ngokusemthethweni ku-Ubuntu 16.04. Ngokungafani namaphakheji we-deb ajwayelekile namaphakheji we-rpm, i-snap ithwala konke ukuncika. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ugweme ukungqubuzana komtapo wezincwadi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, iphakheji eliwumphumela likhulu ngosayizi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kungase futhi kuthinte ukuvikeleka kwesistimu: esimweni sokulethwa kwe-snap, zonke izinguquko kumalabhulali afakiwe kufanele ziqashelwe umthuthukisi odala iphakheji. Ngokuvamile, akuyona yonke into elula kangaka futhi injabulo yendawo yonke ayiveli ngokuzisebenzisa. Kepha, nokho, lokhu kungenye indlela enengqondo ngokuphelele uma i-Docker efanayo isetshenziswa kuphela njengethuluzi lokupakisha hhayi ukwenza izinto ezibonakalayo.
Njengomphumela, manje sisebenzisa womabili amaphakheji we-deb neziqukathi ze-docker ngokuhlanganiswa okunengqondo, okuthi, mhlawumbe, kwezinye izimo sizoshintsha ngamaphakheji we-snap.
Abasebenzisi ababhalisiwe kuphela abangabamba iqhaza kuhlolovo. , wamukelekile.
Yini oyisebenzisayo ekuletheni?
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Imibhalo ezibhalile
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Kopisha ngokwenza ku-FTP
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deb amaphakheji
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rpm amaphakheji
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amaphakheji we-snap
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Docker-izithombe
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Izithombe zomshini obonakalayo
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Khipha yonke i-HDD
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unodoli
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ansible
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Okunye
Bangu-109 abasebenzisi abavotile. Abasebenzisi abangu-32 bayenqaba.
Source: www.habr.com