Imfundo yePhysical vs computer science, ngisize ngenze ukukhetha

Lena ingxenye yesibili "yechungechunge" mayelana nemfundo yasesikoleni yaseRussia kanye namathuba e-IT wokuyithuthukisa ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene. Kulabo abangakayifundi, ngincoma ukuqala ngayo ingxenye yokuqala. Ngizokuxwayisa ngaso leso sikhathi ukuthi lesi sihloko asimayelana nokukhetha okufanelekile kwezifundo ze-Unified State Exam futhi hhayi mayelana nokulwa phakathi "kojokhi" kanye "nabanganeli." Ikakhulukazi imayelana nobuqotho nokusebenza kahle. Ekugcineni - inhlolovo encane yezenhlalo.

Ukuzikhulula: Ngibhala ngendlela engokomfanekiso, ubude, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ingena ku-radicalism. Ama-Conservatives ayo yonke imivimbo awanconywa ukuthi afundwe. Ungasho kamuva ukuthi awuxwayiswanga. Ingabe usukulungele ukwengeza i-radicalism encane empilweni yakho yansuku zonke esungulwe?

Eminyakeni engamashumi amane edlule kwaphuma Ifilimu yezingane, uhlaka olusetshenziswe njenge-CDPV yalokhu kushicilelwa. Kwesinye sezigcawu zakhe, ngamazwi omlingiswa odlalwa okhaliphile UVladimir Basov, ama-nuances emvelo yomuntu aqashelwa ngokujulile: “Wonke umuntu unenkinobho...” Ngithanda ukuhalalisela labo ababelana ngemizwa yami yothando ngalesi sithombe ngosuku lwaso lokugujwa kwaso futhi bathole ezinye “zezinkinobho” zikajenene waseRussia wanamuhla. uhlelo lwezemfundo.

Umsebenzi womzimba - kuyo yonke ingane yesikole

Akusenakwenzeka ukucabanga ngemfundo yesimanje yesikole ngaphandle kwezincwadi zokufunda. Futhi kulungile. Okuqukethwe yikharikhulamu yesikole, egxilile esifundweni esibambekayo, kuvikela abafundi ekubambezelekeni okungenakuhlehliswa uma kwenzeka bangayi emakilasini. Izincwadi zokufunda zivumela abafundi ukuba bakhumbule izihloko ezihlanganiswayo futhi bajwayelane nezizayo, futhi zinikeza isiqondiso sohlaka lohlelo lwemfundo lwabazali.

Ngomqondo obanzi, izincwadi zokufunda zingahlanganisa nezinsiza-kufundisa. Lezi yizo zonke izinhlobo zezinto ezisizayo ezifundweni, ezilungiselelwe ngendlela yokubhala: kusukela ezincwadini zokusebenza ezithile namabalazwe ohlaka kuya ezincwadini zezinkinga nama-anthologies. Ukwehlukahlukana kwabo nokuhlukahluka kuye kwakhula ngokuqhubekayo njengoba ingcebo yemindeni yabafundi ikhula, futhi esikhathini sethu sokuhweba “konke nakho konke,” inani labo selifinyelele umkhawulo ongenakucatshangwa ngempela.

Mhlawumbe isibonelo esisobala kakhulu sesifundo sesikole lapho izincwadi zokufunda zingasetshenziswa ngokwesiko yimfundo engokomzimba (eyaziwa nangokuthi “imfundo engokomzimba”). Kodwa, nokho, izincwadi zesikole ziyamsebenzela futhi.

Kudingeka izincwadi zokufunda esikoleni nasekhaya. Akuwona wonke umuntu ongakwazi ukuba namasethi amabili ezincwadi zokufunda. Akuzona zonke izikole ezikwazi ukwaba indawo yokuzigcina. Ngakho-ke, njengomthetho, abantwana besikole baphoqeleka ukuba "baphathe" izincwadi zokufunda, usuku nosuku nonyaka nonyaka, "ukumpompa" amandla nokukhuthazela. Izikhwama zesikole nezikhwama zazo zonke izinhlobo zaba yimfanelo ebalulekile yokufunda. Le “accessory” yokukhempa kanye neyokuvakasha iyona kuphela indlela yokuhlukanisa umfundi kumfundi “okhululekile” ngalezo zikhathi nezindawo lapho umfaniswano wesikole wasulwa khona nalapho.

Umzali onokuhlangenwe nakho uyazi ukuthi izincwadi zokufunda (ngisho nangomqondo obanzi) azizona kuphela okumelwe ‘ziqhutshwe. Ukubhala, ukudweba nokudweba izinto, isethi ye-plasticine, izicathulo ezishintshayo, izicathulo zezemidlalo kanye nomfaniswano "wokuqeqeshwa ngokomzimba", amaphinifa, izembatho kanye nama-oversleeves "abasebenzi", ezenziwe ngezandla ezivela kuzo zonke izinhlobo zemisebenzi yezandla, amamodeli kanye nezinye "i-herbariums", ama-skates kanye nama-skis anezigxobo ebusika, ngezinye izikhathi futhi "ukudla okulula" - yonke into izingane zesikole okufanele ziziphathe ngayo noma zibuye lapho zifundela khona. Kwezinye izinsuku, umthwalo othize kumuntu osakhula, ngokuphathelene nesisindo somzimba wakhe, ungase weqe uhlaka olufanayo “lokulayisha okugcwele” lwamasosha akhethekile alungele ukuthunyelwa ngemuva kwemigqa yesitha.

Futhi lokhu akubali noma yisiphi isisindo "esingekho esikoleni". Uma ingane futhi ifunda esikoleni somculo noma (njenge-apotheosis yesibonelo) ukuqeqeshwa kwe-hockey, futhi ingenaso isikhathi "sokugijima ekhaya," khona-ke njengoba amaRoma asho: "Umshayeli womuntu siqu onemoto, phuma nigel".

Ukuzivocavoca komuntu ngamunye kulabo abanamakhono akhethekile

Ngenhlanhla, iRospotrebnadzor yethu enesibindi ayilali futhi iqaphe ngeso lokhozi impilo yabantu. Ngisho ngezikhathi ezithile kufanaukuthi kukhona ama-SanPiN asungulayo "izidingo zenhlanzeko zokushicilelwa kwezemfundo" и "izidingo zenhlanzeko kanye ne-epidemiological yezimo kanye nenhlangano yokuqeqeshwa ezinhlanganweni zemfundo jikelele". Le mithethonqubo enemininingwane ichaza kabanzi "okuhle" kwesikole saseRussia.

Emazingeni sifunda ukuthi isisindo sencwadi yokufunda yomfundi wesikole samabanga aphezulu akumele seqe amagremu angama-500. Ulwazi lomuntu siqu lusikisela ukuthi lokhu cishe kuyiqiniso. Okusho ukuthi, izincwadi ngokwazo zivame ukuba nesisindo esingamagremu angu-300, kodwa lapho wengeza amabhukwana nesembozo kuzo, yonke into ilingana nengxenye yekhilogremu esifundweni ngasinye. Phindaphinda ngenani elimaphakathi lezifundo ngosuku. Sithola isisindo esijwayelekile "somthwalo wolwazi" wamakhilogremu amathathu.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isisindo esinconywayo nesiphezulu sesikhwama sesikole esiqediwe sibekwe ku-10% no-15% wesisindo somzimba wengane, ngokulandelana. Kulula ukuqaphela ukuthi umfundi omncane, kuba nzima ukuhlangabezana nalezi zindinganiso. Ikakhulukazi uma unaka iqiniso lokuthi isizukulwane esincane sabafundi "abalalela isikole" kakhulu mayelana nokugqoka zonke izinhlobo zamakesi amapensela, amafolda, amashifu, amasudi kanye namadivayisi.

Cishe nonke niyaqaphela ukuthi akuzona zonke “izincwadi zokufundisa,” kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zihlanzeke kangakanani, ezingasebenza njengencwadi yokufunda. Ngempela, sikwenzile Uhlu lwe-federal lwezincwadi zokufunda, eyakhiwa ngaphakathi koMnyango Wezemfundo. Uhlu lubizwa nge-“federal” ngoba kukhona nohlu “lwesifunda” olufanayo. Ngokombono, uhlu lwenhlangano luhlanganisa zonke lezi zinhlu zesifunda, nakuba kungekho ndawo umthetho lokhu akubhaliwe ngokucacile. Angikaze ngikwazi ukuqonda incazelo yokuba khona kwezinhlu zesifunda zezincwadi zokufunda. Phela, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhlu lukahulumeni lwakhiwe kanjani, akunakwenzeka ukwenqabela ngokomthetho isikole ekusebenziseni noma iyiphi incwadi evela kuso.

Kukhona futhi "simple" uhlu izinhlangano ezigunyazwe ukushicilela izincwadi zokufunda. Azisekho inkululeko yesifunda enikeziwe lapha (ngisho naleyo esemthethweni njengasezincwadini zokufunda). Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalolu hlu ukuthi alubandakanyi umkhiqizo othile wokukhiqiza (mhlawumbe ukuhlukahluka kwabo okuguquguqukayo okuhlala njalo akuvumeli lokhu), kodwa ukukhiqiza ngokwako.

Ngokusesha okuncane, uzothola ukuthi okufanayo kuya ezinhlwini. Akulula kanjalo. "Amahlebezi" isimangaloukuthi iningi lezinhlu ligcwele izincwadi zabanye abasebenzi bezemfundo yezomzimba abahlonishwayo. Kulo lonke ulwazi olunikezwa injini yokusesha, ukunakwa okukhethekile kunikezwa ukulinganisa Imali esetshenziswa nguhulumeni minyaka yonke ekuthengeni izincwadi zokufunda namabhukwana ama-ruble angama-20-25 billion.

Ingabe unawo “umshini wokubala”?

Njengoba ebhala, uNkulunkulu ambusise, i-classic ephilayo yokubhuqa kweSoviet-Russian UMikhail Zhvanetsky kokunye "okungaboli" kwakhe: “Unomshini wokwengeza, ubala ngaso sonke isikhathi, ubonakala ebambe iqhaza kuhulumeni wezwe.” Ake sizame ukufana nalomfana onekhono.

Inani labathengi bezincwadi zesikole eRussia yanamuhla, okungukuthi abafundi и othisha, zingalinganiselwa kubantu abayizigidi ezingu-18. Ngezibalo ezilula, sithola ukuthi umbuso unyaka nonyaka uchitha cishe ama-ruble ayi-1100-1400 ukuhlinzeka ngezinto eziphrintiwe kuyunithi ngayinye yabasebenzi enqubweni yemfundo. Ngokwemvelo, le mali ayanele neze ukuvuselela ngokuphelele “isikhwama semfundo nomtapo wolwazi.” Ngu izibuyekezo Kubasebenzi bangempela basemtatsheni wezincwadi wesikole, iqoqo labo lezincwadi zokufunda namamanyuwali libuyekezwa kuphela ngo-20-25% ngonyaka. Kuvele ukuthi umbuso ubuyekeza ngokuphelele isethi yesikole yezincwadi eziphrintiwe cishe njalo eminyakeni emine. Kodwa noma kunjalo, ezimweni eziningi, abazali kufanele bathenge izincwadi nezincwadi.

Isikhathi eside manje izincwadi zokufunda ziyadingeka ube nefomu le-elekthronikhi ekufinyeleleni komphakathi. Isidingo esinjalo, ngaphandle kokungabaza, ngokwaso siyinqubekelaphambili enkulu ekuqinisekiseni ukutholakala kolwazi kubantu. Ngenxa yalokhu, abafundi ezikoleni ezinendawo yokugcina izincwadi zabo bangakwazi ukulula kancane ojosaka babo. Kodwa-ke, njengoba sazi, ukutholakala komphakathi kanye nokukhululeka yizinto ezimbili ezihlukene. Futhi isikhwama esilula sengane sizobiza nabazali imali.

Kungani isishayamthetho sime ngesigamu futhi singaphoqeleli ingxenye ebalulekile yemfundo evamile “ebonakala ikhululekile” ukuthi yenziwe mahhala kubafundi nothisha (futhi ubani omunye okudingayo lokhu?) kuwumbuzo omkhulu kimina mathupha. Lokhu kungenza ukuphila kwezingane eziningi zesikole nabazali bazo kube lula, ngaphandle kokucebisa ngokwengeziwe, njengoba sazi manje, abamemezeli abangampofu neze ngezindleko zabo.

Futhi ngokujwayelekile, lezi zigidigidi zama-ruble zingakwazi futhi, ngombono wami, kufanele zisetshenziswe ngokuhlakanipha kunokukhokha ukuguqulwa kwezihlahla zibe iphepha elibi. Ekugcineni, ukuze umfana abe "onekhono" njengomsebenzi kaMikhail Mikhailovich, othile kufanele amnike "umshini wokubala", ngoba ngeke kwenzeke ukuhlela incwadi. Kunengqondo ukunikeza umfundi ngamunye ithebhulethi yamahhala, noma okungcono, ikhompuyutha ephathekayo egcwele ngokugcwele.

Ukufaneleka kwalesi sihloko kuboniswe ezinyangeni zakamuva zokufunda okukude ezikoleni eziningi ezweni lonke. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi phakathi nalesi sikhathi abamemezeli abaningi bayeka futhi bavula ithuba lokungena mahhala ezincwadini zabo ze-electronic, lokhu akuzange kuyixazulule inkinga yesidingo sokuba umfundi ngamunye abe nendlela “yokuxhumana nothisha ngekhompyutha.” Emindenini emikhulu, le nkinga yavela ngokucacile.

Izinkinga zokuhlela ezomnotho ze-informatics zesikole

Impela angiyena owokuqala ukuqhamuka nombono osobala kangaka. Futhi ngisho nangesikhathi esithile, abezindaba bethu babevame ukusho iphrojekthi yethebhulethi "yesikole" eyenziwayo. Isibonelo esisodwa ukukhuluma, ngokonjiniyela wethebhulethi, bekungagwegwesi neze. Kodwa-ke, muva nje akukho okuzwile mayelana nenqubekelaphambili kanye nemiphumela yokuqaliswa kokusetshenziswa kwethebhulethi yesikole saseRussia.

Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi iRussia ine-lag ethile yobuchwepheshe ekukhiqizeni ama-processor kanye namanye "amasekethe ahlanganisiwe amakhulu kakhulu." Futhi iqoqo lezigidi zamarandi lamakhompiyutha enziwe ngokuphelele ezintweni zasekhaya lingasebenza njengesisusa esihle sokuthuthuka kwawo. Ikhompyutha yesikole ayizidingi izici “eziphezulu,” futhi ukukhiqizwa kwethu kwe-microelectronic kudinga ukutshalwa kwezimali.

Futhi uma ungazihluphi ngokufaka esikhundleni sokungenisa, okungenani manje kunezibonelo ezihloniphekile nezingabizi zamakhompiyutha agqokekayo ezinhlobonhlobo nezinhlobo ezingasetshenziselwa lezi zinhloso. Ithebhulethi ehloniphekile ku-Yandex.Market ingathengwa kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingu-2, okungukuthi, cishe inani lentengo yezindleko zikahulumeni zonyaka zezincwadi zomfundi oyedwa, kanye ne-laptop ehloniphekile - kusuka kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingu-12. Futhi ngayinye yazo izoba lula kunamakhilogremu amathathu. Vele, kuzodingeka futhi usebenzise imali kwisoftware efanele. Ngenhlanhla, izwe linobudlelwano obungcono kakhulu nabathuthukisi be-software kunokukhiqizwa kwezingxenye zekhompyutha.

Cishe kunengqondo ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo zemishini yekhompyutha yamabanga ahlukene esikole. Mhlawumbe esikoleni samabanga aphansi, noma, njengoba manje sesivame ukubizwa kanjalo, isigaba sokuqala, ungadlula ngethebhulethi enemisebenzi “yokufunda” elinganiselwe kakhulu. Kodwa kusukela esigabeni sesibili, lapho izingane ziqala ukufunda isayensi yekhompiyutha futhi zilungiselela izifinyezo, ikhompuyutha egqokekayo kufanele ibe nokusebenza okufanele. Kusengaba ithebhulethi, kodwa kufanele ibe nesuite egcwele yezicelo zehhovisi. Uma sifuna izingane zethu zesikole kusukela eminyakeni ethile ukuba ziqonde ngokugcwele izisekelo zezobuchwepheshe "zomnotho wedijithali", khona-ke kusukela kule minyaka kuyadingeka ukubanika i-laptop egcwele ngokugcwele ngamathuluzi okuthuthukisa ukuwafunda.

Ukuze kuqedwe ukungakwazi ukufunda nokubhala futhi kwenziwe impumelelo “ekwenzeni izimboni” ngeminyaka yama-20 nama-30s ekhulwini leminyaka elidlule, iningi labantu bezwe bekufanele (cishe ngenkani) lihlale emadeskini futhi linikezwe nezincwadi zokufunda. Ngeke futhi kwenzeke ukwehlula lokho ubuholi bethu obukuthatha “njengomnotho we-analogi” nokwenza impumelelo “ku-digitalization” ngaphandle kokuqinisekisa ukufinyelela okulinganayo kokuqeqeshwa kwe-IT kanye nokuhlinzekwa kwamakhompyutha.

Ucabangani ngalokhu? Ngezansi, njengoba ngathembisa, inhlolovo encane. Sicela ukhethe impendulo eseduze nawe kumbuzo ngamunye.

Abasebenzisi ababhalisiwe kuphela abangabamba iqhaza kuhlolovo. Ngena ngemvume, wamukelekile.

Ingabe uhulumeni usebenzisa imali eyanele ukuthenga izincwadi zokufunda “zamahhala”?

• 27,7%Angisiboni isidingo sokuzithenga nhlobo.26

• 13,8%Ngaphezu kwe. Kudingeka sinciphise.13

• 17,0%Impela. Hamba njengoba unjalo.16

• 41,5%Akwanele. Sidinga okwengeziwe.39

Bangu-94 abasebenzisi abavotile. Abasebenzisi abangu-50 bagobile.

Ingabe umbuso kufanele unikeze ukufinyelela kwamahhala ezincwadini zokufunda ezikuhlobo lwe-elekthronikhi?

• 99,3%Kunjalo. Lokhu kusiza umphakathi.140

• 0,7%Akukho lutho. Lokhu ukucekelwa phansi kwezimakethe.1

Bangu-141 abasebenzisi abavotile. Abasebenzisi abangama-16 bagobile.

Ingabe izincwadi zokufunda ezisephepheni kufanele zithathelwe indawo ikhompuyutha egqokekayo?

• 27,9%Yebo, lokhu kuyadingeka emfundweni yesimanje.38

• 30,2%Yebo, kuyasiza futhi kuyasebenziseka.41

• 8,8%Yebo, iyosindisa izihlahla.12

• 11,8%Cha, bazophazamiseka kuphela.16

• 8,8%Cha, akunampilo.12

• 12,5%Cha, bayowuhlephula (bawulahlekele) noma kanjani.17

Bangu-136 abasebenzisi abavotile. Abasebenzisi abangu-19 bagobile.

Kufanele athengwe ngemali kabani amakhompyutha agqokekayo ezingane zesikole?

• 26,3%Amazwe. Ngaphezu kwezincwadi zokufunda.36

• 46,7%Amazwe. Esikhundleni sezincwadi zokufunda.64

• 13,1%Imindeni. Phela ngabantwana babo laba.18

• 13,9%Ngoba akekho. ngimelene labo.19

Bangu-137 abasebenzisi abavotile. Abasebenzisi abangu-22 bayenqaba.

Uma uthenga amakhompyutha agqokekayo ezingane zesikole kwisabelomali sikahulumeni, hlobo luni?

• 7,6%Kushibhile ukonga.10

• 15,3%Ukukhiqizwa kwasekhaya ukuze kukhuthazwe.20

• 77,1%“Akudleki” ukuze bakhonze isikhathi eside.101

Bangu-131 abasebenzisi abavotile. Abasebenzisi abangu-22 bagobile.

Source: www.habr.com