Ukuhunyushwa kwalesi sihloko kulungiselelwe ngokukhethekile abafundi bezifundo .
Ingabe unentshisekelo yokuthuthukisa ngale ndlela? Buka ukurekhodwa kwekilasi lochwepheshe , eyayiqhutshwa ngu-Egor Zuev - Ithimba Lead ku-InBit kanye nomlobi wohlelo lwezemfundo e-OTUS.
I-Google Cloud Platform (GCP) inikezela ngamasevisi amaningi, futhi ikakhulukazi isitaki sekhompuyutha esiqukethe i-Google Compute Engine (GCE), i-Google Kubernetes Engine (eyayiyi-Container Engine) (GKE), i-Google App Engine (GAE) kanye ne-Google Cloud Functions (GCF) . Zonke lezi zinsizakalo zinamagama amahle, kodwa kungenzeka zingabonakali ngokuphelele mayelana nemisebenzi yazo nokuthi yini ezenza zihluke komunye nomunye. Lesi sihloko senzelwe labo abasanda kuhlanganyela emicabangweni yamafu, ikakhulukazi amasevisi wamafu kanye ne-GCP.
1. Bala isitaki
Isitaki sekhompiyutha singacatshangwa njengokufinyezwa okunengqimba phezu kwalokho okungahlinzekwa yisistimu yekhompyutha. Lesi sitaki siyenyuka (iya phezulu) kusuka "ensimbi engenalutho" (insimbi engenalutho), kubhekiselwa ezingxenyeni zangempela zehadiwe zekhompuyutha, kuze kufike emisebenzini (imisebenzi), okumelela iyunithi yokubala encane kakhulu. Okubalulekile ukuqaphela mayelana nesitaki ukuthi amasevisi ayahlanganiswa njengoba unyusa isitaki, njengesigaba "sezinhlelo zokusebenza" (Izinhlelo zokusebenza), eboniswe kuMfanekiso 1 ngezansi, kufanele iqukathe zonke izingxenye zesitsha eziyisisekelo (iziqukathi), imishini ebonakalayo (imishini ebonakalayo) kanye nensimbi. Ngendlela efanayo, ingxenye yemishini ebonakalayo kufanele ibe nehadiwe ngaphakathi ukuze isebenze.
Umfanekiso 1: Bala isitaki | Isithombe sithathwe ku
Le modeli, eboniswe kumfanekiso 1, iyisisekelo sokuchaza iminikelo evela kubahlinzeki bamafu. Ngakho, abanye abahlinzeki bangahlinzeka kuphela, ngokwesibonelo, iziqukathi namasevisi aphansi ngekhwalithi eduze kwesitaki, kuyilapho abanye bengahlinzeka ngakho konke okuboniswa kuMfanekiso 1.
- Uma ujwayelene nezinsizakalo zamafu, vakashela ku isigaba 3ukubona okulingana ne-GCP
- Uma ufuna kuphela isifinyezo sezinsizakalo zamafu, yiya ku isigaba 2.4
2. Izinkonzo zamafu
Umhlaba we-cloud computing uhluke kakhulu. Abahlinzeki bamafu banikela ngezinsizakalo ezahlukahlukene ezihambisana nezidingo zamakhasimende ezahlukahlukene. Kungenzeka ukuthi uzwile ngamagama afana ne-IaaS, PaaS, SaaS, FaaS, KaaS, njll. nazo zonke izinhlamvu zezinhlamvu ezilandelwa "aaS". Naphezu komhlangano ongavamile wokuqamba amagama, bakha isethi yezinsizakalo zomhlinzeki wamafu. Ngithi kukhona iminikelo eyinhloko engu-3 βnjengesevisiβ abahlinzeki bamafu abacishe bayinikeze.
Lezi yi-IaaS, i-PaaS kanye ne-SaaS, emele Ingqalasizinda Njengesevisi, Inkundla Njengesevisi kanye Nesofthiwe Njengesevisi. Kubalulekile ukubona ngeso lengqondo izinsizakalo zamafu njengezendlalelo zezinsizakalo ezinikeziwe. Lokhu kusho ukuthi njengoba wehla noma ukhuphuka usuka kwelinye izinga uye kwelinye, wena njengekhasimende unqanyulwa yizinketho zesevisi ezehlukene ezingezwa noma ezikhishiwe emnikelweni oyinhloko. Kungcono ukuyicabanga njengephiramidi, njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMfanekiso 2.
Umfanekiso 2: Iphiramidi ye-aaS | Isithombe sithathwe ku
2.1 Ingqalasizinda Njengesevisi (IaaS)
Lesi isigaba esiphansi umhlinzeki wamafu angasinika futhi sibandakanya umhlinzeki wamafu oletha ingqalasizinda yensimbi engenalutho, okuhlanganisa i-middleware, i-network cabling, ama-CPU, ama-GPU, i-RAM, isitoreji sangaphandle, amaseva, kanye nezithombe zesistimu yokusebenza eyisisekelo isb Debian Linux, CentOS, Windows , njll.
Uma u-oda ukucaphuna kumhlinzeki we-IaaS wefu, yilokhu okufanele ulindele ukukuthola. Kukuwe, khasimende, ukuhlanganisa lezi zingcezu ukuze uqhube ibhizinisi lakho. Izinga lalokho okuzodingeka usebenze ngakho lingahluka kusuka kumthengisi kuya kumthengisi, kodwa ngokuvamile uthola i-hardware ne-OS kanti okunye kukuwe. Izibonelo ze-IaaS yi-AWS Elastic Compute, iMicrosoft Azure, ne-GCE.
Abanye abantu bangase bangathandi iqiniso lokuthi kufanele bafake izithombe ze-OS futhi babhekane nokunethiwekha, ukulinganisa ukulayisha, noma ukukhathazeka ngokuthi yiluphi uhlobo lokucubungula olulungele umthwalo wabo womsebenzi. Yilapho sikhuphuka khona ngephiramidi sibheke ePaaS.
2.2 Inkundla njengesevisi (PaaS)
I-PaaS ibandakanya kuphela umhlinzeki wesevisi yefu enikeza inkundla ethile lapho abasebenzisi bangakha khona izinhlelo zokusebenza. Lokhu ukukhishwa kwe-IaaS, okusho ukuthi umhlinzeki wamafu unakekela yonke imininingwane yezinhlobo ze-CPU, inkumbulo, i-RAM, isitoreji, amanethiwekhi, njll. Njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 2, wena njengekhasimende unokulawula okuncane phezu kweplatifomu yangempela ngoba ifu umhlinzeki likuphathele yonke imininingwane yengqalasizinda. Ucela inkundla ekhethiwe futhi wakhe iphrojekthi kuyo. Izibonelo ze-PaaS yi-Heroku.
Lokhu kungase kube izinga eliphezulu kakhulu kwabanye, njengoba abafuni ngempela ukwakha iphrojekthi endaweni ethile, kodwa kunalokho badinga isethi yamasevisi ngokuqondile kumhlinzeki wamafu. Yilapho i-SaaS iqala khona ukudlala.
2.3 Isoftware njengesevisi (SaaS)
I-SaaS imele izinsizakalo ezivame kakhulu ezinikezwa abahlinzeki besevisi yamafu. Zihloselwe abasebenzisi bokugcina futhi zifinyeleleka ngokuyinhloko ngamawebhusayithi afana ne-Gmail, i-Google Amadokhumenti, i-Dropbox, njll. Ngokuqondene ne-Google Cloud, kuneminikelo eminingana ngaphandle kwesitaki sayo sekhompuyutha okuyi-SaaS. Lokhu kufaka phakathi iSitudiyo Sedatha, Umbuzo Omkhulu, njll.
2.4 Isifinyezo Sezinsizakalo Zefu
Izingxenye
IaaS
I-PaaS
SaaS
Utholani
Uthola ingqalasizinda bese ukhokha ngendlela efanele. Inkululeko yokusebenzisa noma ukufaka noma iyiphi isofthiwe, i-OS noma ukwakheka kwayo.
Lapha uthola lokho okucelayo. Isoftware, ihadiwe, i-OS, imvelo yewebhu. Uthola inkundla elungele ukusetshenziswa futhi ukhokhe ngokufanele.
Lapha awudingi ukukhathazeka nganoma yini. Unikezwa iphakethe elifakwe ngaphambilini elenziwe ngokwezifiso ngokwezidingo zakho futhi okumele ukwenze ukukhokha ngendlela efanele.
Okushoyo
I-Basic Computing
Inani eliphakeme kakhulu lama-IaaS
Lokhu empeleni iphakethe eliphelele lezinsizakalo
Izinkinga zobuchwepheshe
Kudingeka ulwazi lobuchwepheshe
Unikezwe ukucushwa okuyisisekelo, kodwa usadinga ulwazi lwesizinda.
Asikho isidingo sokuzihlupha ngemininingwane yobuchwepheshe. Umhlinzeki we-SaaS uhlinzeka ngakho konke.
Isebenza ngani?
Imishini ebonakalayo, isitoreji, amaseva, inethiwekhi, izilinganisi zokulayisha, njll.
Izindawo zesikhathi sokusebenza (njengesikhathi sokusebenza se-java), isizindalwazi (njenge-mySQL, i-Oracle), amaseva ewebhu (njenge-tomcat, njll.)
Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana nezinsiza ze-imeyili (i-Gmail, i-Yahoo mail, njll.), amasayithi okuxhumana nabantu (i-Facebook, njll.)
Igrafu yokuduma
Idume phakathi konjiniyela abanamakhono aphezulu, abacwaningi abadinga ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso ngokwezidingo zabo noma indawo yocwaningo
Okudume kakhulu phakathi konjiniyela njengoba bengagxila ekuthuthukiseni izinhlelo zabo zokusebenza noma imibhalo. Akumele bakhathazeke ngomthwalo wethrafikhi noma ukuphathwa kweseva, njll.
Okudume kakhulu phakathi kwabathengi abajwayelekile noma izinkampani ezisebenzisa isoftware efana ne-imeyili, ukwabelana ngamafayela, izinkundla zokuxhumana, njengoba zingadingi ukukhathazeka ngemininingwane yobuchwepheshe.
Umfanekiso 3: Isifinyezo seminikelo emikhulu yamafu | Isithombe sinikiwe
3. I-Google Cloud Platform Computing Suite
Ngemva kokubheka ukunikezwa okujwayelekile kwabahlinzeki bamafu eSigabeni 2, singakuqhathanisa neminikelo ye-Google Cloud.
3.1 I-Google Compute Engine (GCE) - IaaS
Umfanekiso 4: Isithonjana se-Google Compute Engine (GCE).
I-GCE iwumnikelo we-IaaS ovela kwa-Google. Nge-GCE, ungakha ngokukhululekile imishini ebonakalayo, unikeze i-CPU nezinsiza zememori, ukhethe uhlobo lwesitoreji njenge-SSD noma i-HDD, kanye nenani lememori. Kucishe kube sengathi uzakhele eyakho ikhompuyutha/indawo yokusebenza futhi uphathe yonke imininingwane yokuthi isebenza kanjani.
Ku-GCE, ungakhetha kuzimo ezincane ezinamaphrosesa angu-0,3-core kanye no-1 GB we-RAM kuya kwezilo ezingu-96-core ezingaphezu kuka-300 GB we-RAM. Ungakwazi futhi ukudala imishini ebonakalayo yosayizi ngokwezifiso yomthwalo wakho wokusebenza. Kulabo abanentshisekelo, lena imishini ebonakalayo ongayakha.
3.2. I-Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) - (Caas / Kaas)
Umfanekiso 5: Isithonjana se-Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE).
I-GKE iwumnikelo wekhompuyutha oyingqayizivele ovela ku-GCP owukufinyezwa phezulu kwe-Compute Engine. Ngokuvamile, i-GKE ingahlukaniswa ngokuthi Isitsha Njengesevisi (i-CaaS), ngezinye izikhathi ebizwa ngokuthi i-Kubernetes njengesevisi (i-KaaS), evumela amakhasimende ukuthi asebenzise kalula iziqukathi zawo ze-Docker endaweni ephethwe ngokugcwele ye-Kubernetes. Kulabo abangajwayelene neziqukathi, iziqukathi zisiza ukulungisa izinsiza/izinhlelo zokusebenza, ngakho iziqukathi ezihlukene zingaqukatha izinsiza ezihlukene, isibonelo, isiqukathi esisodwa singabamba ingaphambili lesicelo sakho sewebhu kanti esinye singaqukatha isiphetho saso esingemuva. I-Kubernetes izenzela, i-orchest, iphathe, futhi ikhiphe iziqukathi zakho. Ulwazi olwengeziwe lapha.
3.3 I-Google App Engine (GAE) - (PaaS)
Umfanekiso 6: Isithonjana se-Google App Engine (GAE).
Njengoba kushiwo eSigabeni 2.2, i-PaaS ihlala ngenhla kwe-IaaS futhi endabeni ye-GCP, ingabuye ibhekwe njengomnikelo ongenhla kwe-GKE. I-GAE i-PaaS yangokwezifiso ye-Google, futhi indlela ezichaza ngayo kangcono ukuthi "letha ikhodi yakho futhi sizokunakekela okunye."
Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi amakhasimende asebenzisa i-GAE akudingeki abhekane ne-hardware/middleware eyisisekelo, futhi angakwazi kakade ukuba nenkundla elungiselelwe kusengaphambili elungele ukuhamba; okumele bakwenze nje ukunikeza ikhodi edingekayo ukuze bayisebenzise.
I-GAE iphatha ngokuzenzakalelayo ukukala ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo zomsebenzisi, okusho ukuthi uma iwebhusayithi yakho ethengisa izimbali iphakama ngokuzumayo ngenxa yokuthi uSuku Lwezithandani luyasondela, i-GAE izosingatha ukukala ingqalasizinda eyisisekelo ukuze ihlangabezane nesidingo futhi iqinisekise ukuthi iwebhusayithi yakho ngeke iphahlazeke ngenxa yesidingo esikhulayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukhokhela ngqo izinsiza ezidingwa isicelo sakho ngaleso sikhathi.
I-GAE isebenzisa i-Kubernetes noma inguqulo yayo yomdabu ukuphatha konke lokhu ukuze ungakhathazeki ngakho. I-GAE ifaneleka kakhulu izinkampani ezingenandaba nengqalasizinda eyisisekelo futhi ezikhathalela kuphela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isicelo sazo sifinyeleleka ngendlela engcono kakhulu.
Ngokubona kwami, i-GAE iyindawo engcono kakhulu yokuqala uma ungunjiniyela onombono omuhle, kepha ungafuni ukubhekana nobunzima bokusetha amaseva, ukulinganisa komthwalo, nawo wonke omunye umsebenzi odla isikhathi we-devops/SRE. . Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ungase uzame i-GKE ne-GCE, kodwa lokho kungumbono wami nje.
Umusho wokuzihlangula: I-AppEngine isetshenziselwa izinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu, hhayi izinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula.
Ukuze uthole ulwazi:
3.4 I-Google Cloud Functions - (FaaS)
Umfanekiso 7: Isithonjana se-Google Cloud Functions (GCF).
Ngethemba ukuthi uyibonile ithrendi ngokubheka ukunikezwa kwangaphambilini. Uma ukhuphuka ileli lesixazululo sekhompuyutha ye-GCP, udinga ukhathazeka kancane ngobuchwepheshe obukhona. Le phiramidi iphetha ngeyunithi yokubala encane kunazo zonke, umsebenzi, njengoba kuboniswe eSigabeni 1.
I-GCF iwumnikelo we-GCP omusha osekuse-beta (ngesikhathi sokubhala lokhu). Imisebenzi yamafu ivumela imisebenzi ethile ebhalwe unjiniyela ukuthi iqaliswe umcimbi.
Ziqhutshwa umcimbi futhi zisenhliziyweni yegama elithi "serverless", okusho ukuthi abawazi amaseva. Imisebenzi yamafu ilula kakhulu futhi inokusetshenziswa okuningi okuhlukene okudinga ukucabanga komcimbi. Isibonelo, njalo uma umsebenzisi omusha ebhalisa, umsebenzi wefu ungacushwa ukuze uxwayise onjiniyela.
Embonini, lapho inzwa ethile ifinyelela inani elithile, ingaqalisa umsebenzi wamafu owenza ukucubungula ulwazi oluthile, noma yazise abanye abasebenzi bokunakekela, njll.
isiphetho
Kulesi sihloko, sikhulume ngeminikelo yamafu ehlukene njenge-IaaS, i-PaaS, njll. nokuthi isitaki sekhompuyutha ye-Google sisebenzisa kanjani lezi zendlalelo ezahlukene. Sibonile ukuthi izendlalelo zokuthatha lapho zisuka kwesinye isigaba zesevisi ziye kwesinye, njenge-IaaS in Paas, zidinga ulwazi oluncane lwalokho okuyisisekelo.
Ebhizinisini, lokhu kunikeza ukuguquguquka okubalulekile okungagcini nje ngokuhlangabezana nezinhloso zalo zokusebenza, kodwa futhi kuhlangabezana nezinye izindawo ezibalulekile njengokuphepha nezindleko. Ukufingqa:
Injini Yekhompyutha - ikuvumela ukuthi udale umshini wakho obonakalayo ngokunikeza izinsiza ezithile zehadiwe, isibonelo, i-RAM, iprosesa, inkumbulo. Iyasebenza futhi futhi isezingeni eliphansi.
Kubernetes Engine iyigxathu elisuka ku-Compute Engine futhi ikuvumela ukuthi usebenzise i-Kubernetes neziqukathi ukuze uphathe uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza, okukuvumela ukuthi ulukhulise njengoba kudingeka.
Injini Yohlelo Lokusebenza igxathu elisuka ku-Kubernetes Engine, elikuvumela ukuthi ugxile kuphela kukhodi yakho kuyilapho i-Google inakekela zonke izimfuneko zeplathifomu eziwumsuka.
Cloud Functions ingaphezulu kwephiramidi yekhompuyutha, ekuvumela ukuthi ubhale umsebenzi olula okuthi, uma ugijima, usebenzise yonke ingqalasizinda engaphansi ukuze ubale futhi ubuyisele umphumela.
Π‘ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎ Π·Π° Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅!
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Source: www.habr.com