Amafu amaHybrid: umhlahlandlela wabashayeli bezindiza abasaqalayo

Sawubona, Khabrovites! Ngokwezibalo, imakethe yezinsizakalo zefu eRussia ithola amandla njalo. Amafu e-Hybrid athrendayo kunanini ngaphambili - naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ubuchwepheshe ngokwabo abusebusha. Izinkampani eziningi ziyazibuza ukuthi kungenzeka kanjani ukugcina nokugcina inqwaba yehadiwe, okubandakanya okudingekayo esimweni, ngendlela yefu eliyimfihlo.

Namuhla sizokhuluma ngokuthi yiziphi izimo lapho kusetshenziswa ifu le-hybrid kuzoba yisinyathelo esilungisiwe, futhi lapho kungadala khona izinkinga. I-athikili izoba wusizo kulabo abangakaze babe nolwazi olunzulu lokusebenza ngamafu ayi-hybrid, kodwa asebevele bewabuka futhi abazi ukuthi baqale kuphi.

Ekupheleni kwe-athikili, sizohlinzeka ngohlu lokuhlola lwamaqhinga azokusiza lapho ukhetha umhlinzeki wamafu futhi usetha ifu le-hybrid.

Sicela wonke umuntu onentshisekelo ukuthi angene ngaphansi kokunqunywa!

Ifu eliyimfihlo VS umphakathi: okuhle nokubi

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi yiziphi izizathu eziphusha amabhizinisi ukuthi ashintshele kunhlanganisela, ake sibheke izici ezibalulekile zamafu omphakathi nawangasese. Ake sigxile, okokuqala, kulezo zici ezithinta izinkampani eziningi ngandlela thize. Ukugwema ukudideka kumatemu, sethula ngezansi izincazelo eziyinhloko:

Ifu eliyimfihlo (noma eliyimfihlo). ingqalasizinda ye-IT, izingxenye zayo ezitholakala ngaphakathi kwenkampani eyodwa futhi kuphela ezintweni eziphethwe yile nkampani noma umhlinzeki wamafu.

Ifu lomphakathi iyindawo ye-IT, umnikazi wayo ohlinzeka ngamasevisi ngenkokhelo futhi anikeze isikhala efwini kuwo wonke umuntu.

Ifu elihlanganisiwe iqukethe ifu eliyimfihlo elingaphezu kwelilodwa kanye nefu lomphakathi elingaphezu kwelilodwa, amandla ekhompuyutha abiwayo.

Amafu ayimfihlo

Naphezu kwezindleko zayo eziphakeme, ifu eliyimfihlo linezinzuzo eziningana ezingenakunakwa. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukulawulwa okuphezulu, ukuphepha kwedatha, nokuqapha okugcwele kwezinsiza nokusebenza kwemishini. Uma sikhuluma nje, ifu eliyimfihlo lihlangabezana nayo yonke imibono yonjiniyela mayelana nengqalasizinda ekahle. Noma kunini ungalungisa ukwakheka kwamafu, uguqule izakhiwo zayo nokucushwa.

Asikho isidingo sokuncika kubahlinzeki bangaphandle - zonke izingxenye zengqalasizinda zihlala ohlangothini lwakho.

Kodwa, naphezu kwezingxabano ezinamandla ezivuna, ifu langasese lingabiza kakhulu ekuqaleni nasekulungiseni okulandelayo. Kakade esiteji sokuklama ifu langasese, kuyadingeka ukubala kahle umthwalo wesikhathi esizayo ... Ukulondoloza ekuqaleni kungaholela eqinisweni lokuthi ngokushesha noma kamuva uzobhekana nokuntuleka kwezinsiza kanye nesidingo sokukhula. Futhi ukukala ifu eliyimfihlo kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi futhi ebizayo. Ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho kufanele uthenge izisetshenziswa ezintsha, zixhume futhi uzilungiselele, futhi lokhu ngokuvamile kungase kuthathe amasonto - ngokumelene nokukala cishe ngokushesha emafini omphakathi.

Ngaphezu kwezindleko zemishini, kuyadingeka ukuhlinzeka ngezinsiza zezimali zamalayisensi nabasebenzi.

Kwezinye izimo, ibhalansi “yentengo/yekhwalithi,” noma ngokuqondile “izindleko zokukala nokunakekela/izinzuzo ezitholiwe,” ekugcineni ishintshela enanini.

Amafu omphakathi

Uma kuphela ungumnikazi wefu eliyimfihlo, kusho ukuthi ifu lomphakathi elomhlinzeki wangaphandle okuvumela ukuthi usebenzise izinsiza zekhompuyutha ngenkokhelo.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, konke okuhlobene nokusekelwa kwamafu nokugcinwa kuwela emahlombe "umnikezeli" onamandla. Umsebenzi wakho ukukhetha uhlelo lwentela olufanele futhi ukhokhe ngesikhathi.

Ukusebenzisa ifu lomphakathi kumaphrojekthi amancane kubiza kakhulu kunokunakekela imikhumbi yakho yemishini.

Ngakho-ke, asikho isidingo sokugcina ochwepheshe be-IT futhi ubungozi bezezimali buncishisiwe.

Noma kunini, ukhululekile ukushintsha umhlinzeki wamafu futhi uye endaweni efaneleke kakhulu noma enenzuzo enkulu.

Ngokuqondene nobubi bamafu omphakathi, yonke into lapha ilindeleke ngempela: ukulawula okuncane kakhulu engxenyeni yeklayenti, ukusebenza okuphansi lapho kucutshungulwa amanani amakhulu edatha nokuphepha kwedatha okuphansi uma kuqhathaniswa neyimfihlo, okungaba bucayi kwezinye izinhlobo zebhizinisi. .

amafu ayingxubevange

Ezimpambanweni zomgwaqo lezi zinzuzo ezingenhla kanye nokubi kukhona amafu ayingxube, okuyinhlanganisela yefu okungenani elilodwa eliyimfihlo elinelilodwa noma amaningi asesidlangalaleni. Ekuboneni kokuqala (ngisho nakwesibili), kungase kubonakale sengathi ifu le-hybrid liyitshe lesazi sefilosofi elikuvumela ukuthi "uvuthele" amandla ekhompyutha nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, wenze izibalo ezidingekayo futhi "ushaye" yonke into emuva. Hhayi ifu, kodwa uDavid Blaine!

Eqinisweni, yonke into icishe ibe yinhle njengasemcabangweni: ifu le-hybrid lisindisa isikhathi nemali, linamacala amaningi okusetshenziswa ajwayelekile futhi angajwayelekile ... kepha kukhona ama-nuances. Nazi ezibaluleke kakhulu kuzo:

Okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukuxhuma kahle ifu elithi "lakho" kanye "nomunye umuntu", okuhlanganisa ngokuya ngokusebenza. Izinkinga eziningi zingavela lapha, ikakhulukazi uma isikhungo sedatha yefu lomphakathi sikude ngokoqobo noma sakhelwe kubuchwepheshe obuhlukile. Kulokhu, kunengozi enkulu yokubambezeleka, ngezinye izikhathi ebucayi.

Okwesibili, ukusebenzisa ifu eliyingxubevange njengengqalasizinda yohlelo lokusebenza olulodwa kugcwele ukusebenza okungalingani kuzo zonke izinhlangothi (kusuka ku-CPU kuya kusistimu engaphansi yediski) nokunciphisa ukubekezelela amaphutha. Amaseva amabili anamapharamitha afanayo, kodwa atholakala ezingxenyeni ezihlukene, azobonisa ukusebenza okuhlukile.

Okwesithathu, ungakhohlwa mayelana nokuba sengozini kwehadiwe yezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha "zangaphandle" (izikhonzo ezishisekayo kubakhi be-Intel) nezinye izinkinga zokuphepha engxenyeni yomphakathi yefu, esezishiwo ngenhla.

Okwesine, ukusetshenziswa kwefu eliyingxubevange kusongela ukunciphisa kakhulu ukubekezelela amaphutha uma isingatha uhlelo lokusebenza olulodwa.

Ibhonasi ekhethekile: manje amafu amabili esikhundleni selilodwa kanye/noma ukuxhumana phakathi kwawo “kungaphuka” ngesikhathi esisodwa. Futhi ezinhlanganisela eziningi ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Ngokwehlukana, kufanelekile ukusho izinkinga zokusingatha izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinkulu efwini le-hybrid.
Ezimweni eziningi, awukwazi ukuvele uhambe futhi uthole, ngokwesibonelo, imishini ebonakalayo eyi-100 eno-128GB we-RAM efwini lomphakathi. Ngokuvamile, akekho ozokunika izimoto ezinjalo ezingu-10.

Yebo, amafu omphakathi awawona amarabha, eMoscow. Abahlinzeki abaningi abagcini nje ukugcina inqolobane enjalo yamahhala - futhi lokhu kuthinta ikakhulukazi i-RAM. Ungakwazi "ukudweba" ama-processor cores amaningi ngendlela othanda ngayo, futhi ungakwazi ukunikeza ngokuphindwe kaningi umthamo we-SSD noma we-HDD kunalowo otholakala ngokomzimba. Umhlinzeki uzothemba ukuthi awuyisebenzisi yonke ivolumu ngesikhathi esisodwa futhi uzokwazi ukukhuphula endleleni. Kepha uma ingekho i-RAM eyanele, umshini obonakalayo noma uhlelo lokusebenza lungaphahlazeka kalula. Futhi uhlelo lwe-virtualization aluvumeli njalo amaqhinga anjalo. Kunoma yikuphi, kufanelekile ukukhumbula lokhu kuthuthukiswa kwemicimbi futhi uxoxe ngala maphuzu nomhlinzeki "onshore", ngaphandle kwalokho usengozini yokushiywa ngesikhathi semithwalo ephakeme (Black Friday, umthwalo wesizini, njll.).

Kafushane, uma ufuna ukusebenzisa ingqalasizinda eyingxubevange, khumbula ukuthi:

• Umhlinzeki akahlale ekulungele ukunikeza umthamo odingekayo ngokufunwa.
• Kunezinkinga kanye nokubambezeleka ekuxhumekeni kwezakhi. Udinga ukuqonda ukuthi yiziphi izingcezu zengqalasizinda nokuthi yiziphi izimo lapho uzokwenza izicelo “ngenhlanganisela”; lokhu kungase kuthinte ukusebenza nokutholakala. Kungcono ukucabangela ukuthi efwini ayikho i-cluster node eyodwa, kodwa ingqalasizinda ehlukile futhi ezimele.
• Kukhona ingozi yezinkinga ezenzeka ezingxenyeni ezinkulu zezwe. Kusixazululo se-hybrid, ifu elilodwa noma elinye "lingase liwe" ngokuphelele. Esimeni seqoqo elivamile le-virtualization, usengozini yokulahlekelwa cishe iseva eyodwa, kodwa lapha usengozini yokulahlekelwa okuningi ngesikhathi esisodwa, ngobusuku obubodwa.
• Into ephephe kunazo zonke ongayenza ukuphatha ingxenye yomphakathi hhayi "njenge-extender," kodwa njengefu elihlukile esikhungweni sedatha esihlukile. Yiqiniso, kuleli cala empeleni awunaki "i-hybridity" yesixazululo.

Ukunciphisa ukungalungi kwefu elixubile

Eqinisweni, isithombe simnandi kakhulu kunalokho ongase ucabange. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukwazi amaqhinga "okupheka" ifu elihle le-hybrid. Nazi eziyinhloko ngefomethi yohlu lokuhlola:

• Akufanele uhambise izingxenye ezizwelayo ukubambezeleka zohlelo lokusebenza emafini omphakathi ngokuhlukene nesofthiwe eyinhloko: isibonelo, inqolobane noma imininingwane yolwazi ngaphansi komthwalo we-OLTP.
• Ungabeki ngokuphelele lezo zingxenye zohlelo lokusebenza efwini lomphakathi, ngaphandle kwalokho luzoyeka ukusebenza. Uma kungenjalo, amathuba okuhluleka kwesistimu azokwanda izikhathi ezimbalwa.
• Lapho ukala, khumbula ukuthi ukusebenza kwemishini efakwe ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zamafu kuzohluka. Ukuguquguquka kwesikali nakho kuzoba kude nokuphelela. Ngeshwa, lena inkinga yokuklama kwezakhiwo futhi ngeke ukwazi ukuyiqeda ngokuphelele. Ungazama kuphela ukunciphisa umthelela wayo emsebenzini.
• Zama ukuqinisekisa ukusondelana okukhulu ngokomzimba phakathi kwamafu omphakathi nawangasese: ibanga elifushane, liyancipha ukubambezeleka phakathi kwamasegimenti. Ngokufanelekile, zombili izingxenye zefu "ziphila" esikhungweni esifanayo sedatha.
• Kubalulekile ngokulinganayo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi womabili amafu asebenzisa ubuchwepheshe benethiwekhi obufanayo. Amasango e-Ethernet-InfiniBand angaletha izinkinga eziningi.
• Uma ubuchwepheshe obufanayo be-virtualization busetshenziswa kumafu ayimfihlo nasesidlangalaleni, lokhu kuhlanganisa okuqinisekile. Kwezinye izimo, ungavumelana nomhlinzeki ukuthi athuthe yonke imishini ebonakalayo ngaphandle kokufakwa kabusha.
• Ukuze wenze ukusebenzisa i-hybrid cloud kube nenzuzo, khetha umhlinzeki wamafu onentengo evumelana nezimo kakhulu. Okuhle kunakho konke, ngokusekelwe kuzinsiza ezisetshenziswa ngempela.
• Linganisa ngezikhungo zedatha: uma udinga ukukhulisa umthamo, siphakamisa "isikhungo sedatha sesibili" futhi sikubeke ngaphansi komthwalo. Ingabe usuqedile ngezibalo zakho? "Sicisha" amandla amaningi futhi silondoloza.
• Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingazodwana namaphrojekthi angahanjiswa efwini lomphakathi ngenkathi ifu eliyimfihlo likalwa, noma nje isikhathi esithile. Yiqiniso, kulokhu ngeke ube ne-hybridity, uxhumano olujwayelekile lwe-L2 kuphela, olungaxhomeki nganoma iyiphi indlela ebukhoneni / ukungabi khona kwefu lakho siqu.

Esikhundleni isiphetho

Yilokho kuphela. Sikhulume ngezici zamafu ezizimele nezomphakathi, futhi sabheka amathuba amakhulu okuthuthukisa ukusebenza nokuthembeka kwamafu ayingxubevange. Kodwa-ke, ukuklanywa kwanoma yiliphi ifu kuwumphumela wezinqumo, ukuvumelana nezivumelwano ezishiwo yizinjongo nezinsiza zebhizinisi lenkampani.

Umgomo wethu uwukugqugquzela umfundi ukuthi athathe ngokungathi sína ukukhetha kwengqalasizinda yefu efanele ngokusekelwe ezinhlosweni zakhe, ubuchwepheshe obutholakalayo namandla ezezimali.

Sikumema ukuthi wabelane ngolwazi lwakho namafu ayi-hybrid kumazwana. Siyaqiniseka ukuthi ubuchwepheshe bakho buzoba usizo kubashayeli bezindiza abaningi abasafufusa.

Source: www.habr.com