Isihloko sezingozi ezinkulu ezikhungweni zedatha zanamuhla siphakamisa imibuzo engazange iphendulwe esihlokweni sokuqala - sanquma ukuyithuthukisa.
Ngokwezibalo ezivela ku-Uptime Institute, izigameko eziningi ezikhungweni zedatha zihlobene nokuhluleka kwesistimu yokunikezwa kwamandla-zibangela izigameko ezingu-39%. Zilandelwa yi-human factor, eyenza ezinye izingozi ezingu-24%. Isizathu sesithathu esibaluleke kakhulu (15%) kwaba ukwehluleka kohlelo lokupholisa umoya, kanti endaweni yesine (12%) kwaba yizinhlekelele zemvelo. Isamba sezinye izinkinga singu-10% kuphela. Ngaphandle kokungabaza imininingwane yenhlangano ehlonishwayo, sizogqamisa okuthile okuvamile ezingozini ezahlukene futhi sizame ukuqonda ukuthi ngabe bezigwenywe yini. Spoiler: kungenzeka ezimweni eziningi.
Isayensi Yokuxhumana
Ukukubeka kalula, kunezinkinga ezimbili kuphela ngokunikezwa kwamandla: noma ngabe akukho ukuxhumana lapho kufanele kube khona, noma kukhona othintana naye lapho kungafanele kube khona ukuthintana. Ungakhuluma isikhathi eside mayelana nokuthembeka kwezinhlelo zanamuhla zokuphakelwa kwamandla ezingaphazamiseki, kodwa azikugcini njalo. Thatha ikesi elisezingeni eliphezulu lesikhungo sedatha esisetshenziswa yiBritish Izindiza, okungenkampani engumzali i-International Airlines Group. Kunezindawo ezimbili ezinjalo ezitholakala eduze nesikhumulo sezindiza i-Heathrow - i-Boadicea House kanye ne-Comet House. Kwesokuqala salokhu, ngoMeyi 27, 2017, kwanqamuka ugesi ngephutha, okwaholela ekulayisheni ngokweqile nasekuhlulekeni kohlelo lwe-UPS. Ngenxa yalokho, ezinye zemishini ye-IT zalimala ngokomzimba, futhi inhlekelele yakamuva yathatha izinsuku ezintathu ukuxazulula.
Inkampani yezindiza kwadingeka ukuthi ikhansele noma ihlele kabusha izindiza ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane, abagibeli abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingu-75 abakwazanga ukuhamba ngesikhathi - amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-128 asetshenziselwe ukukhokha isinxephezelo, ngaphandle kokubala izindleko ezidingekayo ukuze kubuyiselwe ukusebenza kwezikhungo zedatha. Umlando wezizathu zokucisha ugesi awucaci. Uma ukholwa ukuthi imiphumela yophenyo lwangaphakathi olumenyezelwe yi-International Airlines Group CEO u-Willie Walsh, kungenxa yephutha lonjiniyela. Kodwa-ke, uhlelo lokunikezwa kwamandla olungaphazamiseki kwadingeka lumelane nokuvalwa okunjalo - yingakho lwafakwa. Isikhungo sedatha sasiphethwe ochwepheshe benkampani ekhipha izinsiza i-CBRE Managed Services, ngakho iBritish Airways yazama ukubuyisa inani lomonakalo ngokusebenzisa inkantolo yaseLondon.
Ukunqamuka kukagesi kwenzeka ezimweni ezifanayo: okokuqala kuba nokucisha ugesi ngenxa yephutha lomphakeli kagesi, ngezinye izikhathi ngenxa yesimo sezulu esibi noma izinkinga zangaphakathi (kuhlanganise namaphutha omuntu), bese kuba uhlelo lokuphakelwa kukagesi olungaphazamiseki alukwazi ukubhekana nomthwalo noma isikhashana. -ukuphazamiseka kwesikhathi se-sine wave kubangela ukwehluleka kwezinsiza eziningi, okubangela ukubuyiselwa okuthatha isikhathi esiningi nemali. Kungenzeka yini ukugwema izingozi ezinjalo? Ngokungangabazeki. Uma uklama uhlelo ngendlela efanele, ngisho nabadali bezikhungo ezinkulu zedatha abagonyiwe emaphutheni.
Isici somuntu
Uma imbangela esheshayo yesigameko kuyizenzo ezingalungile zabasebenzi besikhungo sedatha, izinkinga ngokuvamile (kodwa hhayi njalo) zithinta ingxenye yesofthiwe yengqalasizinda ye-IT. Izingozi ezinjalo zenzeka ngisho ezinkampanini ezinkulu. NgoFebhuwari 2017, ngenxa yelungu leqembu eliqashwe ngokungalungile leqembu lokusebenza kwezobuchwepheshe kwesinye sezikhungo zedatha, ingxenye yamaseva e-Amazon Web Services yakhutshazwa. Kwenzeke iphutha ngenkathi kulungiswa inqubo yokukhokha kumakhasimende esitoreji samafu we-Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3). Isisebenzi sazama ukususa inani lamaseva abonakalayo asetshenziswa uhlelo lokukhokha, kodwa sashaya iqoqo elikhulu.
Njengomphumela wephutha lonjiniyela, amaseva asebenzisa amamojula abalulekile we-Amazon cloud storage software asusiwe. Okokuqala okuthintekile kwakuyisistimu engaphansi yenkomba, equkethe ulwazi mayelana nemethadatha nendawo yazo zonke izinto ze-S3 endaweni yase-US-EAST-1 yaseMelika. Lesi sigameko siphinde sathinta uhlelo olungaphansi olusetshenziswa ukusingatha idatha nokuphatha indawo etholakalayo yokugcina. Ngemuva kokususa imishini ebonakalayo, lezi zinhlelo ezimbili ezingaphansi zidinga ukuqaliswa kabusha okuphelele, bese kuthi onjiniyela be-Amazon bamangale - isikhathi eside, isitoreji samafu somphakathi asikwazanga ukusevisa izicelo zamakhasimende.
Umthelela wawusabalele, njengoba izinsiza eziningi ezinkulu zisebenzisa i-Amazon S3. Ukuphazamiseka kwathinta i-Trello, i-Coursera, i-IFTTT futhi, ngokungathandeki kakhulu, izinsizakalo zabalingani abakhulu base-Amazon abavela ohlwini lwe-S & P 500. Umonakalo ezimweni ezinjalo kunzima ukubala, kodwa wawusendaweni yamakhulu ezigidi zamaRandi aseMelika. Njengoba ubona, umyalo owodwa ongalungile wanele ukukhubaza insizakalo yesikhulumi samafu esikhulu kunazo zonke. Leli akulona icala elilodwa; ngoMeyi 16, 2019, ngesikhathi somsebenzi wokulungisa, isevisi ye-Yandex.Cloud imishini ebonakalayo yabasebenzisi endaweni ye-ru-central1-c ababesesimweni ESIMISELWE okungenani kanye. Idatha yeklayenti isivele yonakele lapha, enye yayo ebilahlekile ngendlela engenakulungiseka. Yebo, abantu abaphelele, kodwa izinhlelo zesimanje zokuphepha kolwazi sekuyisikhathi eside zikwazi ukuqapha izenzo zabasebenzisi abanelungelo ngaphambi kokufaka imiyalo abayifakile. Uma izixazululo ezinjalo zisetshenziswa ku-Yandex noma e-Amazon, izigameko ezinjalo zingagwenywa.
Ukupholisa okuqandisiwe
NgoJanuwari 2017, kwenzeka ingozi enkulu esikhungweni sedatha saseDmitrov senkampani yeMegafon. Khona-ke izinga lokushisa esifundeni saseMoscow lehla laya ku-β35 Β°C, okwaholela ekuhlulekeni kwesistimu yokupholisa yesikhungo. Inkonzo yabezindaba yalowo msebenzisi ayizange ikhulume ikakhulukazi ngezizathu zesigameko - izinkampani zaseRussia zimanqikanqika kakhulu ukukhuluma ngezingozi ezikhungweni ezinazo; mayelana nokukhangisa, sisalele emuva kakhulu eNtshonalanga. Kube nenguqulo eyayizungeza ezinkundleni zokuxhumana mayelana nokuqandisa okokupholisa amapayipi abekwe eceleni komgwaqo nokuvuza kwe-ethylene glycol. Ngokusho kwakhe, insizakalo yokuhlinza ayikwazanga ukuthola ngokushesha amathani angama-30 wokupholisa ngenxa yamaholide amade futhi yaphuma kusetshenziswa izindlela ezithuthukisiwe, ihlela ukupholisa okuthuthukisiwe okuthuthukisiwe ngokuphulwa kwemithetho yokusebenza kohlelo. Amakhaza ashubisa umnkantsha abhebhethekisa inkinga - ngoJanuwari, ubusika bagadla kungazelelwe eRussia, nakuba kungekho muntu owayekulindele. Ngenxa yalokho, abasebenzi kudingeke ukuthi bacime ugesi engxenyeni yama-server rack, yingakho ezinye izinsiza zomqhubi zingatholakali izinsuku ezimbili.
Mhlawumbe, singakhuluma nge-anomaly yesimo sezulu lapha, kodwa isithwathwa esinjalo akuyona into engavamile endaweni yenhloko-dolobha. Amazinga okushisa ebusika esifundeni saseMoscow angehla emazingeni aphansi, ngakho izikhungo zedatha zakhiwe ngokulindela ukusebenza okuzinzile ku- -42 Β° C. Ezikhathini eziningi, amasistimu okupholisa awaphumeleli esimweni sezulu esibandayo ngenxa yokugcwala okunganele kwama-glycols namanzi amaningi esixazululweni sokupholisa. Kukhona nezinkinga ngokufakwa kwamapayipi noma nge-miscalculations ekuklanyeni nasekuhlolweni kwesistimu, ikakhulukazi ehlotshaniswa nesifiso sokulondoloza imali. Ngenxa yalokho, kwenzeka ingozi embi kakhulu, ebingavinjelwa.
Izinhlekelele zemvelo
Ezikhathini eziningi, ukuduma kwezulu kanye/noma iziphepho ziphazamisa ingqalasizinda yobunjiniyela yesikhungo sedatha, okuholela ekuphazamisekeni kwesevisi kanye/noma ekulimaleni ngokomzimba okokusebenza. Izehlakalo ezibangelwa isimo sezulu esibi zenzeka kaningi. Ngo-2012, iSiphepho uSandy sakhukhula ogwini oluseNtshonalanga ye-United States ngenxa yemvula enkulu. Itholakala esakhiweni esiphakeme e-Lower Manhattan, isikhungo sedatha se-Peer 1 , ngemva kokuba amanzi olwandle anosawoti agcwele phansi. Amajeneretha alesi sikhungo abezimo eziphuthumayo abekwe esitezi se-18, futhi uphethiloli wawo wawulinganiselwe - imithetho eyethulwe eNew York ngemuva kokuhlasela kwamaphekula ngo-9/11 ikwenqabela ukugcina uphethiloli omningi ezitezi ezingaphezulu.
Iphampu kaphethiloli nayo yehlulekile, ngakho abasebenzi bachitha izinsuku ezimbalwa bedonsa udizili bewuyisa emshinini wokuphehla ugesi ngesandla. Ubuqhawe beqembu busindise isikhungo sedatha engozini embi, kodwa ingabe bekudingekile ngempela? Siphila eplanethini enomoya we-nitrogen-oxygen kanye namanzi amaningi. Ukuduma neziphepho kuvamile lapha (ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezisogwini). Abaklami cishe bangenza kahle ngokucabangela ubungozi obuhilelekile futhi bakhe isistimu yokuphakelwa kukagesi efanele engaphazamiseki. Noma okungenani khetha indawo efaneleke kakhulu yesikhungo sedatha kunendawo ephakeme esiqhingini.
Konke okunye
I-Uptime Institute ihlonza izigameko ezahlukahlukene kulesi sigaba, phakathi kwazo okunzima ukukhetha esijwayelekile. Ukwebiwa kwezintambo zethusi, izimoto eziphahlazeka ezikhungweni zedatha, izintambo zikagesi kanye neziteshi ze-transformer, imililo, ama-excavator operators alimaza izinto zamehlo, amagundane (amagundane, onogwaja kanye nama-wombat, empeleni angama-marsupial), kanye nalabo abathanda ukudubula endaweni. izintambo - imenyu ibanzi. Ukuhluleka kwamandla kungabangela ugesi ukutshala insangu ngokungemthetho. Ezimweni eziningi, abantu abathile baba yizigebengu zesigameko, okungukuthi siphinde sibhekane nesici somuntu, lapho inkinga inegama nesibongo. Ngisho noma uma uthi nhlΓ‘ ingozi ihlotshaniswa nokungasebenzi kahle kwezobuchwepheshe noma izinhlekelele zemvelo, ingagwenywa inqobo nje uma isikhungo siklanywe kahle futhi sisebenza ngendlela efanele. Okuhlukile kuphela yizimo zomonakalo omkhulu engqalasizinda yesikhungo sedatha noma ukucekelwa phansi kwezakhiwo nezakhiwo ngenxa yenhlekelele yemvelo. Lezi yizimo ze-force majeure ngempela, futhi zonke ezinye izinkinga zibangelwa i-gasket phakathi kwekhompyutha nesihlalo - mhlawumbe lokhu kuyingxenye engathembeki kakhulu yanoma yiluphi uhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi.
Source: www.habr.com