Umkhakha wezinsizakalo zezokwelapha kancane kancane kodwa ulungisa ngokushesha ubuchwepheshe bekhompiyutha yamafu emkhakheni wawo. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba imithi yesimanje emhlabeni, ukunamathela emgomweni oyinhloko - ukugxila kwesiguli - yakha imfuneko ebalulekile yokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yezinsizakalo zezokwelapha kanye nokuthuthukisa imiphumela yomtholampilo (ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukisa izinga lempilo yomuntu othize nokuyelula): ukufinyelela okusheshayo olwazini ngesiguli kungakhathaliseki ukuthi sikuphi kanye nodokotela. Namuhla, ubuchwepheshe bamafu kuphela obunamandla abambekayo okuhlangabezana nale mfuneko.
Isibonelo, ukubhekana ne-coronavirus yamanje Isivinini solwazi esinikezwe yiChina ngamacala ezifo kanye nemiphumela yocwaningo, okwenziwa okungenani nokwenzeka ngenxa yobuchwepheshe besimanje bolwazi, okuhlanganisa namafu, kuyasiza. Qhathanisa: ukuqinisekisa ubhubhane (okusho ukuthola nokuhlaziya idatha ngempilo yabantu, ukutadisha igciwane isikhathi eside) okwabangelwa yi-SARS coronavirus eya eChina ngo-2002 cishe izinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili! Kulokhu, ulwazi olusemthethweni lwatholwa yi-World Health Organization ngokushesha - phakathi kwezinsuku eziyisikhombisa. "Siyajabula ukuphawula indlela iChina elisingatha ngayo lesi sifo... okuhlanganisa nokuhlinzekwa kwedatha kanye nemiphumela yokulandelana kofuzo lwaleli gciwane." UMqondisi-Jikelele we-WHO uTedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus emhlanganweni noMongameli waseChina uXi Jinping. Ake sibone ukuthi yini engase ibe βamafuβ kwezokwelapha nokuthi kungani.
Izinkinga zedatha yezokwelapha
β Amavolumu
Imiqulu emikhulu yedatha, umuthi ohlale usebenza ngayo, manje isiphenduka ibe mikhulu nje. Lokhu akubandakanyi imilando yezokwelapha kuphela, kodwa futhi nendikimba yedatha evamile yomtholampilo kanye nocwaningo emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yezokwelapha, nolwazi olusha lwezokwelapha olwanda kakhulu: isikhathi salo esiphindwe kabili cishe sasiyiminyaka engu-50 edlule ngo-1950; yashesha yafinyelela eminyakeni engu-7 ngo-1980; Iminyaka engu-3,5 yayingo-2010 kanti ngo-2020 ibikezelwa ukuthi izophinda kabili phakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-73 (ngokusho ).
Nazi ezinye zezizathu zokwanda kwedatha emhlabeni jikelele:
- Ukuthuthukiswa kwesayensi futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukwanda kwamavolumu kanye nokwenza lula kwezindlela zokushicilela izinto ezintsha zesayensi.
- Ukuhamba kwesiguli nezindlela ezintsha zeselula zokuqoqwa kwedatha (amadivaysi eselula okuxilongwa nokuqapha njengemithombo emisha yedatha yezibalo).
- Ukwenyuka kweminyaka yokuphila futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukwanda kwenani "leziguli eziguga".
- Ukwanda kwenani leziguli ezisencane ezikhangwa ukukhuthazwa kwesimanje emhlabeni jikelele kwempilo enempilo kanye nemithi yokuvimbela (phambilini, abantu abasha baya kodokotela kuphela lapho begula ngempela).
βUkutholakala
Esikhathini esedlule, odokotela baye baphendukela ekusebenziseni imithombo eminingi yolwazi, kusukela ezinjinini zokusesha ezijwayelekile, lapho okuqukethwe kungase kungathembeki khona, kuya kumajenali aphrintiwe kanye nezincwadi zelabhulali yezokwelapha, ezithatha isikhathi ukuthola nokufunda. Mayelana nomlando wezokwelapha kanye nemiphumela yokuhlolwa kweziguli ezisemitholampilo kahulumeni nezizimele kanye nasezibhedlela, sonke siyazi ukuthi isikhungo ngasinye sezokwelapha esinjalo sisenomlando waso ophathekayo wesiguli, lapho odokotela befaka khona ulwazi futhi banamathisele emashidini anemiphumela yocwaningo. Izingobo zomlando zamaphepha nazo azikanyamalala. Futhi leyo ngxenye yolwazi lwesiguli erekhodwa ngedijithali igcinwa kumaseva wendawo ngaphakathi kwebhizinisi lezokwelapha. Ngakho-ke, ukufinyelela kulolu lwazi kungenzeka kuphela endaweni (kanye nezindleko eziphakeme zokuqalisa, ukusekela nokugcinwa kwalolu hlelo "lwebhokisi").
Ubuchwepheshe befu bushintsha kanjani ukunakekelwa kwezempilo kube ngcono
Ukushintshana kolwazi phakathi kochwepheshe bezokwelapha mayelana nesiguli kuba yimpumelelo. Yonke imininingwane ngesiguli ifakwa kwesakhe , egcinwa kuseva ekude efwini: umlando wezokwelapha; izinsuku eziqondile kanye nemvelo yokulimala, ukubonakaliswa kwezifo kanye nemigomo (hhayi ukudideka okuvela emazwini esiguli avela eminyakeni edlule - okubaluleke kakhulu ekuxilongweni, ukubikezela kokwelashwa, ukubikezela ubungozi bezifo kwenzalo); izithombe ezihlukahlukene (i-x-ray, i-CT, i-MRI, izithombe, njll.); imiphumela yokuhlolwa; ama-cardiograms; ulwazi mayelana nemithi; ukuqoshwa kwevidiyo kokungenelela kokuhlinzwa kanye nanoma yiluphi olunye ulwazi lomtholampilo nolokuphatha. Ukufinyelela kule datha yomuntu siqu, evikelwe kunikezwa odokotela abagunyaziwe emitholampilo eyahlukene. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi uthuthukise ukuhamba komsebenzi kodokotela, wenze ukuxilonga okunembe kakhudlwana nokushesha, futhi uhlele ngendlela efanele futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, ukwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi.
Irekhodi lezokwelapha nge-elekthronikhi
Ukushintshana ngokushesha kolwazi phakathi kwezinhlangano ezahlukene zokunakekelwa kwezempilo kungenzeka. Lokhu ukusebenzisana kwamalabhorethri ocwaningo, izinkampani ezenza imithi nezikhungo zezokwelapha ezihlukahlukene (ukutholakala kwemithi), kanye nezibhedlela ezinemitholampilo.
Ukunemba (okuqondene nawe) umuthi wokuvimbela uyavela. Ikakhulukazi, ngosizo lobuchwepheshe bezobunhloli bokwenziwa, obungeke busetshenziswe ezikhungweni eziningi zezokwelapha ngenxa yokuqina kwensiza yezidingo zabo zekhompiyutha, nasefwini - .
Ukuzenzakalela kwenqubo yokwelapha kunciphisa isikhathi esichithwa kukho. Amarekhodi ezokwelapha ngogesi kanye , ulayini we-elekthronikhi nokutholwa okukude kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa, uhlelo lomshwalense womphakathi we-elekthronikhi kanye nengobo yomlando yezokwelapha, ΠΈ - konke lokhu kuvumela abasebenzi bezokwelapha ukuba bakhululwe emaphepheni nakweminye imisebenzi evamile ukuze bakwazi ukunikela isikhathi esiphezulu sokusebenza ngqo enkingeni yesiguli.
Kunethuba lokonga imali eningi kwingqalasizinda, kuze kufike eqophelweni lokungatshalwa kwezimali kuyo nhlobo. Ingqalasizinda-as-a-service (i-IaaS) namamodeli we-software-as-a-service (SaaS) ahlinzekwa abahlinzeki besevisi yamafu akuvumela ukuthi umiselele ukuthengwa okubizayo kwesofthiwe kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu engqalasizinda yesikhungo sezokwelapha ngokuqasha lezi. amamodeli nokufinyelela kuwo nge-inthanethi. Futhi, lezo zinsiza zeseva kuphela ezisetshenziswa yinhlangano empeleni ziyakhokhelwa, futhi uma kunesidingo, zingakhuphula umthamo noma amavolumu okugcina. Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bamafu obuhambisana nokusekelwa kwezobuchwepheshe okuvela kumhlinzeki wesevisi yamafu kuvumela amabhizinisi ezokwelapha ukuthi onge kakhulu ezindlekweni zabasebenzi be-IT, njengoba asikho isidingo sokugcina ingqalasizinda yabo yokugcina idatha.
Ezokuphepha zifinyelela ezingeni elisha. Ukubekezelela amaphutha, ukutholwa kwedatha, ukugcinwa kuyimfihlo sekungenzeka ngenxa yobuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene (ikhophi yasenqolobaneni, ukubethela kokugcina, ukutholwa kwenhlekelele, njll.), okuthi ngendlela yendabuko kudinga izindleko ezinkulu (kuhlanganise nezindleko zokulungisa amaphutha abasebenzi abangakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi ngendlela efanele. le ndawo ye-IT) noma akunakwenzeka ngokuphelele, futhi nini afakiwe kuphakheji yezinsizakalo ezivela kumhlinzeki (lapho izindaba zokuphepha zisingathwa ochwepheshe abaqinisekisa izinga elithile, eliphakeme ngokufanele lokuvikeleka).
Kuyenzeka ukuthi uthole ukubonisana kwezokwelapha okusezingeni eliphezulu ngaphandle kokushiya ikhaya: i-telemedicine. Ukubonisana ngesilawuli kude okusekelwe kudatha ye-electronic yesiguli egcinwe efwini kakade iyavela. Ngokukhula kokwamukelwa kwe-cloud computing ekunakekelweni kwezempilo, ukuxhumana ngocingo kulindeleke ukuthi kube ikusasa lomkhakha wezokunakekelwa kwempilo. Imakethe ye-telemedicine ikhule kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva. Kusukela ngo-2015, imakethe ye-telemedicine yomhlaba wonke yayilinganiselwa ku-$18 billion futhi kulindeleke ukuthi ibe ngaphezu kwezigidigidi ezingama-2021 zamaRandi ngo-41. Izinto eziningi zibe nomthelela ekukhuleni kwemakethe, okuhlanganisa izindleko ezikhuphukayo zezinsizakalo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo kwendabuko, uxhaso lwe-telemedicine, kanye nokwenyuka kokwamukelwa kokunakekelwa kwezempilo kwedijithali. I-Telemedicine ibaluleke kakhulu kubantu abakhubazekile, futhi yehlisa kakhulu umthwalo ezikhungweni zezokwelapha nemitholampilo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, akekho ongakhansela udokotela "obukhoma": isibonelo, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana nesevisi yamafu yaseBrithani , esebenza ngesisekelo se-AI (mayelana nokuthi ngezansi), uyakwazi ukubuza isiguli mayelana nezikhalazo zaso, ahlaziye imiphumela yokuhlolwa futhi enze izincomo (kuhlanganise nokuthi yimuphi uchwepheshe, nini futhi yimiphi imibuzo okufanele uyivakashele).
Usayizi wemakethe ye-telemedicine yomhlaba kusukela ngo-2015 kuya ku-2021 (ngama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili)
Izinqumo eziphuthumayo ezabiwe zezokwelapha ziba ngokoqobo. Impumelelo enkulu ekuhlinzeni kokuhlinzwa kube yinkomfa yesikhathi sangempela ngevidiyo kusetshenziswa izinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula. Kunzima ukweqisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukubonisana nodokotela abanamandla esimweni esiphuthumayo ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomhlaba. Kunzima futhi ukucabanga ukubonisana okungaphazanyiswa ngaphandle kwezinsiza zobuchwepheshe befu.
Izibalo ziba nembe kakhulu. Ikhono lokuhlanganisa amakhadi e-elekthronikhi nezingobo zomlando nedatha yesiguli ngamasistimu okuhlaziya asekelwe emafini ikuvumela ukuthi ukhuphule inombolo futhi uthuthukise ikhwalithi yezifundo. Lokhu kuyaphuthuma ikakhulukazi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene ye-biomedical, ikakhulukazi emkhakheni wokucwaninga ngezakhi zofuzo, okuye kwaba nzima ngaso sonke isikhathi ukwenza ngokunembile ngenxa yokungakwazi ukuqoqa isithombe esiphelele nesinembile somlando wokuphila wesiguli nezihlobo zaso.
Izindlela ezintsha zokuxilonga ziyavela. Ukuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bobuhlakani bokwenziwa buyakwazi ukuxilonga izifo ngokuqoqa nokuhlela hhayi kuphela idatha ehlakazekile evela kumlando wezokwelapha wesiguli, kodwa futhi ukuqhathanisa lolu lwazi nenqwaba yomsebenzi wesayensi, ukudweba iziphetho ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu. Yebo, uhlelo ihlaziye idatha yesiguli kanye namaphepha esayensi angaba yizigidi ezingu-20 avela emithonjeni ehlukahlukene ye-oncology futhi yenza ukuxilongwa okunembile kwesiguli ngemizuzu eyi-10, inikeze izinketho zokwelashwa ezingase zibe khona, ezibalwa ngezinga lokwethembeka futhi ziqinisekiswe idatha yomtholampilo. Ungafunda mayelana nohlelo , ΠΈ . Isebenza ngendlela efanayo kusuka ku-Google. funda ngokuthi i-AI isiza kanjani odokotela, ikakhulukazi ama-radiologists, ababhekene nenkinga yokufunda kahle izithombe ze-X-ray, okuholela ekuxilongweni okungalungile futhi, ngokufanele, ukwelashwa sekwephuzile noma akukho nhlobo. A - I-AI eyenza ukubonwa kwezithombe kuma-pulmonologists. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuqapha kwesiguli: isibonelo, uhlelo lwaseMelika olusekelwe ku-AI iqapha isimo seziguli (noma iziguli ezingapheli) ezilulama ngemva kokwelashwa okuyinkimbinkimbi, iqoqa ulwazi, oludluliselwa kudokotela okhona, lunikeze izincomo ezithile, lubakhumbuze ukuthi baphuze imithi kanye nesidingo sokwenza inqubo edingekayo. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-AI kuleli zinga lokuxilongwa nokuqapha izifo kuye kwaba nokwenzeka ngokusekelwe emandleni e-cloud computing.
I-inthanethi Yezinto iyathuthuka, amagajethi ezokwelapha ahlakaniphile ayavela. Akusetshenziswanga kuphela abasebenzisi ngokwabo (bona), kodwa futhi nodokotela, abathola ulwazi mayelana nesimo sezempilo seziguli zabo kumadivayisi eselula besebenzisa ubuchwepheshe befu.
Amathuba ezinkundla zezokwelapha eziku-inthanethi
βIsipiliyoni sangaphandle
Enye yezinkundla zokuqala zedatha yedatha yomtholampilo yebhizinisi lezempilo lase-US, kwakuyinkundla yebhizinisi lokunakekelwa kwezempilo eklanyelwe ukukhipha futhi ibonise ulwazi lwesiguli emithonjeni eminingi, okuhlanganisa imibhalo eskeniwe (i-cardiogram, ama-CT scan, njll.) kanye nezinqubo ezihlukahlukene zokuthatha izithombe zezokwelapha, imiphumela yaselabhorethri, ukwelashwa. imibiko, ukuhlinzwa, kanye nezibalo zesiguli kanye nolwazi lokuxhumana. Yakhiwe yi-Microsoft enegama elithi Microsoft Amalga Unified Intelligence System. Inkundla yasungulwa njenge-Azyxxi ngodokotela nabacwaningi bomnyango wezimo eziphuthumayo we-Washington Hospital Center ngo-1996. Kusukela ngoFebhuwari 2013, iMicrosoft Amalga yaba yingxenye yenqwaba yemikhiqizo ehlobene nezempilo eyahlanganiswa yaba ibhizinisi elihlangene. ebizwa nge-Caradigm. Ekuqaleni kuka-2016, iMicrosoft yathengisa isiteki sayo ku-Caradigm ku-GE.
I-Amalga isetshenziselwe ukuhlanganisa amasistimu wezokwelapha amaningi ahlukene kusetshenziswa izinhlobo eziningi zedatha ukuze inikeze isithombe esiyinhlanganisela esisheshayo, esisesikhathini samanje somlando wezokwelapha wesiguli. Zonke izingxenye ze-Amalga zihlanganiswe kusetshenziswa isofthiwe evumela ukwakhiwa kwezindlela ezijwayelekile namathuluzi okusebenzelana nezinhlelo eziningi zesofthiwe nezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ezifakwe ezibhedlela. Udokotela osebenzisa i-Amalga, ngemizuzwana nje, angathola idatha yesimo sasesibhedlela esedlule nesamanje, izinhlu zemithi kanye nokungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile, ukuhlolwa kwaselabhorethri, nokubuyekezwa kwamaX-ray afanelekile, ama-CT scan, nezinye izithombe, ezihlelwe ngendlela eyodwa ongayenza ukuze ugqamise kakhulu. ulwazi olubalulekile lwalesi siguli.
I-Microsoft Amalga Unified Intelligence System
Namuhla, iCaradigm USA LLC iyinkampani ehlaziya impilo yabantu ehlinzeka ngokuphathwa kwezempilo kwabantu, okuhlanganisa ukuqapha idatha, ukuhlotshaniswa nokuphathwa kokunakekelwa kwesiguli, izinsiza zempilo kanye nezinsizakalo zokubandakanya isiguli emhlabeni wonke. Inkampani isebenzisa inkundla yedatha yomtholampilo , okuyisizukulwane esilandelayo se-Caradigm Intelligence Platform (ngaphambili eyayaziwa ngokuthi i-Microsoft Amalga Health Information System). Inkundla yedatha yomtholampilo ihambisana nezimpahla zedatha ezikhona, okuhlanganisa izingobo zomlando zomtholampilo kanye nezinhlelo zamarekhodi ezempilo ezisebenza ngogesi. Uhlelo luhlanganisa indawo eyinkimbinkimbi yokwamukela nokucubungula idatha engahlelekile kanye nemibhalo yomtholampilo, izithombe nedatha ye-genomics.
βIsipiliyoni sesiRashiya
Izinhlelo zezokwelapha zamafu nezinsizakalo eziku-inthanethi ziya ngokuya zivela emakethe yaseRussia. Ezinye izinkundla ezithatha yonke imisebenzi yokuphatha yemitholampilo ezimele, ezinye zisebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo kumalabhorethri wezokwelapha, kanti ezinye zihlinzeka ngolwazi lwe-elekthronikhi phakathi kwezikhungo zezokwelapha nama-ejensi kahulumeni nezinkampani zomshwalense. Ake sinikeze izibonelo ezimbalwa.
- inkundla ye-automation yasemtholampilo: ama-aphoyintimenti aku-inthanethi nodokotela, i-automation ye-registry kanye nendawo yokusebenza kadokotela, amakhadi e-elekthronikhi, ukuxilonga okukude, ukubika abaphathi, irejista yemali kanye nezezimali, ukubalwa kwempahla.
- uhlelo , okuvumela iziguli ukuthi zihlole ukulungela ukuhlolwa ngokuchofoza kabili futhi zithole imiphumela yaselabhorethri nganoma isiphi isikhathi sosuku nanoma yikuphi emhlabeni.
Imithi ye-elekthronikhi yinkampani eyenza isofthiwe yezinhlangano zezokwelapha, amakhemisi, umshwalense wezokwelapha, umshwalense wezempilo: Ukubalwa kwezimali kwezomnotho kanye nezibalo zemitholampilo, izibhedlela, ukuhlanganiswa kwezinhlelo ze-radiological kanye nelabhorethri nezinsizakalo zikahulumeni, ukubhaliswa kwe-electronic, ukubalwa kwemithi, ilabhorethri, i-electronic medical medical. amarekhodi ().
- uhlelo oluzishintshayo lwezikhungo zokunakekelwa kwempilo ezithengiswayo zanoma iyiphi iphrofayili ngaphandle kwezibhedlela: imitholampilo ejwayelekile; amahhovisi wamazinyo, anezindawo ezikhethekile zokusebenzelana nezindawo zokusebenza ezihlukene; iminyango yezimo eziphuthumayo ngokuqoshwa kwezingcingo nokuqoshwa kwemingcele ehlukahlukene kanye nokugcina amagrafu.
yinkampani egxile ekuthuthukiseni nasekufakeni izinhlelo zolwazi eziyinkimbinkimbi ezikhungweni zezempilo. Nikeza inkundla yobuchwepheshe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ngokushesha izicelo zezokwelapha.
β uhlelo lokuphatha umtholampilo ozimele olusekelwe kubuchwepheshe bamafu: ukubhaliswa ku-inthanethi, ucingo lwe-IP, isisekelo samakhasimende, ukubalwa kwempahla, ukulawula kwezezimali, idayari yokuqokwa, ukuhlela ukwelashwa, ukulawula abasebenzi.
isiphetho
Impilo yedijithali isebenzisa ulwazi lwakamuva nobuchwepheshe bezokuxhumana ukuze ithuthukise futhi isekele izinqubo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo ezisheshayo, ezisebenza kahle kakhulu nezingabizi kakhulu. Lokhu kuguqulwa kwezobuchwepheshe kwezokunakekelwa kwezempilo sekuphenduke inkambiso yomhlaba wonke. Izinjongo eziyinhloko lapha yilezi: ukwandisa ukufinyeleleka, ukunethezeka kanye nekhwalithi yokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha kubantu emhlabeni jikelele; ukuxilongwa ngesikhathi, okunembile; ukuhlaziya okujulile kwezokwelapha; ukukhulula odokotela emisebenzini. Ukuxazulula lezi zinkinga ngosizo lobuchwepheshe obuphezulu manje kungenzeka kuphela kusetshenziswa ukwabiwa kwamandla amakhulu e-computing nokusekelwa kochwepheshe be-IT, okutholakale ezinhlanganweni zanoma yisiphi isikali kanye nomkhakha wezokwelapha kuphela ngenxa .
Sizojabula uma lesi sihloko besiwusizo. Uma unolwazi oluhle usebenzisa impilo yedijithali, yabelana ngayo kumazwana. Yabelana ngezinto ezimbi futhi, ngoba kufanelekile ukukhuluma ngalokho okudingeka kuthuthukiswe kule ndawo.
Source: www.habr.com