Ngisho nangesikhathi senhlekelele, sihlala sikhona isikhathi senkomishi yetiye.
IDLALA (uhlelo lokubuyisela inhlekelele) yinto engasoze yadingeka. Kodwa uma ngokuzumayo ama-beaver afudukayo phakathi nenkathi yokukhwelana eququda ku-fiber optical oyinhloko noma umphathi omncane ewisa isisekelo esikhiqizayo, nakanjani ufuna ukuqiniseka ukuthi uzoba nohlelo olwenziwe kusengaphambili lokuthi yini okufanele uyenze ngalo lonke leli hlazo.
Ngenkathi amakhasimende ethukile eqala ukushayela usekelo lwezobuchwepheshe, osemncane ufuna i-cyanide, uvula imvilophu ebomvu ngokuhlakanipha bese uqala ukubeka yonke into ngononina.
Kulokhu okuthunyelwe, ngifuna ukwabelana ngezincomo zokuthi ungayibhala kanjani i-DRP nokuthi yini okufanele iqukathe. Sizophinde sibheke okulandelayo:
- Funda ukucabanga njengomuntu okhohlakele.
- Ake sihlaziye izinzuzo zenkomishi yetiye ngesikhathi se-apocalypse.
- Cabanga ngesakhiwo se-DRP esikahle
- Ake sibone ukuthi singayihlola kanjani
Yiziphi izinkampani ezingazuza kulokhu?
Kunzima kakhulu ukudweba umugqa lapho umnyango we-IT uqala ukudinga lezi zinto. Ngingasho ukuthi uqinisekisiwe ukuthi uzoyidinga i-DRP uma:
- Ukumisa iseva, uhlelo lokusebenza, noma ukulahlekelwa isizindalwazi kuzoholela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu kwebhizinisi lilonke.
- Unomnyango ogcwele we-IT. Ngisho, umnyango njengeyunithi egcwele yenkampani, enesabelomali sayo, futhi hhayi nje izisebenzi ezimbalwa ezikhathele ezibeka inethiwekhi, ukuhlanza amagciwane kanye nokugcwalisa kabusha amaphrinta.
- Unesabelomali esinengqondo okungenani sokungadingeki emsebenzini uma kunesimo esiphuthumayo.
Lapho umnyango we-IT ubulokhu ucela okungenani ama-HDD ambalwa ukuze uthole iseva endala ukuze uthole izipele izinyanga, cishe ngeke ukwazi ukuhlela ukuthutha okuphelele kwenkonzo ewile ukuze ulondoloze amakhono. Nakuba imibhalo ingeke ibe yimbi nalapha.
Amadokhumenti abalulekile
Qala ngemibhalo. Ake sithi isevisi yakho isebenza kusikripthi se-Perl esabhalwa ezizukulwaneni ezintathu zama-admins ezedlule, futhi akekho owaziyo ukuthi sisebenza kanjani. Isikweletu esiqoqiwe sobuchwepheshe kanye nokuntuleka kwemibhalo ngeke nakanjani sikudubule hhayi emadolweni kuphela, kodwa nakwamanye amalungu, kunalokho kuyindaba yesikhathi.
Uma usunencazelo enhle yezingxenye zesevisi esandleni, phakamisa izibalo zokuphahlazeka. Cishe ngokuqinisekile zizofana ngokuphelele. Isibonelo, unediski egcwele ngezikhathi ezithile, okubangela ukuthi i-node ihluleke kuze kube yilapho ihlanzwa ngesandla. Noma isevisi yeklayenti ingatholakali ngenxa yokuthi othile uphinde wakhohlwa ukuvuselela isitifiketi, kodwa akakwazanga noma akafunanga ukusetha Masibhale Ngemfihlo.
Imicabango njengesabhilidi
Ingxenye enzima kakhulu iwukubikezela lezo zingozi ezingakaze zenzeke ngaphambili, kodwa ezingase zonakalise isevisi yakho ngokuphelele. Lapha sijwayele ukudlala izigilamkhuba nozakwethu. Thatha ikhofi eliningi nokunye okumnandi bese uzivalela egumbini lomhlangano. Vele uqiniseke ukuthi emhlanganweni ofanayo ukhiye labo njiniyela abakhuphule isevisi eqondiwe noma usebenza nayo njalo. Bese-ke, ebhodini noma ephepheni, uqala ukudweba zonke izinto ezesabekayo ezingase zenzeke enkonzweni yakho. Akudingekile ukucacisa phansi kwentokazi ethile yokuhlanza nokukhipha izintambo, kwanele ukucabangela isimo "Ukwephulwa kobuqotho benethiwekhi yendawo".
Ngokuvamile, izimo eziphuthumayo ezijwayelekile zingena ezinhlotsheni ezilandelayo:
- Ukuhluleka kwenethiwekhi
- Ukuhluleka kwesevisi ye-OS
- Ukuhluleka kohlelo lokusebenza
- ukuhluleka kwensimbi
- Ukuhluleka Kokwenza izinto ezibonakalayo
Vele udlule ekubukweni ngakunye futhi ubone ukuthi yini esebenza kusevisi yakho. Isibonelo, i-daemon ye-Nginx ingase iwe futhi ingavuki - lokhu ukwehluleka ngasohlangothini lwe-OS. Isimo esingavamile esishayela uhlelo lwakho lwewebhu esimweni sokungasebenzi ukwehluleka kwesofthiwe. Ngesikhathi sokukhula kwalesi sigaba, kubalulekile ukwenza ukuxilongwa kwenkinga. Indlela yokuhlukanisa isixhumi esibonakalayo esilengayo ku-virtualization kusuka ku-cisco ewile kanye nokuphahlazeka kwenethiwekhi, isibonelo. Lokhu kubalulekile ukuthola ngokushesha labo abanomthwalo wemfanelo futhi uqale ukudonsa umsila wabo kuze kube yilapho ingozi ilungiswa.
Ngemuva kokuthi izinkinga ezijwayelekile zibhalwe phansi, sithela ikhofi eningi futhi siqale ukucabangela izimo ezingavamile, lapho amanye amapharamitha eqala ukudlula okujwayelekile. Ngokwesibonelo:
- Kwenzekani uma isikhathi esiku-nodi esebenzayo sibuyela emuva ngomzuzu ngokuhlobene namanye kuqoqo?
- Futhi uma isikhathi siya phambili, futhi uma ngeminyaka eyi-10?
- Kwenzekani uma i-cluster node ilahlekelwa inethiwekhi ngokuzumayo phakathi nokuvumelanisa?
- Futhi kwenzekani uma ama-node amabili engabelani ngobuholi ngenxa yokuhlukaniswa isikhashana komunye nomunye ngenethiwekhi?
Kulesi sigaba, indlela yokuhlehla isiza kakhulu. Thatha ilungu leqembu elinenkani kakhulu ngomcabango ogulayo futhi umnike umsebenzi wokuhlela ukuphambukisa ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu, okuzobeka isevisi phansi. Uma kunzima ukuxilonga, kungcono nakakhulu. Ngeke ukholwe imibono eyinqaba nepholile onjiniyela abaqhamuka nayo uma benikwa umqondo wokuphula okuthile. Futhi uma ubathembisa ukuma kokuhlola lokhu, kuhle kakhulu.
Ithini le DRP yakho?!
Ngakho uyichazile imodeli yosongo. Baphinde bacabangela izakhamuzi zendawo ezisika izintambo ze-fiber optic zifuna ithusi, kanye ne-radar yezempi ewisa ulayini womsakazo ngoLwesihlanu ngo-16:46. Manje sidinga ukuthola ukuthi senzeni ngakho konke.
Umsebenzi wakho ukubhala izimvilophu ezifanayo ezibomvu ezizovulwa esimweni esiphuthumayo. Ngokushesha lindela ukuthi lapho (hhayi uma!) Konke kuhlanganiswe, kuphela umqeqeshi ongenalwazi kakhulu ozobe eseduze, izandla zakhe zizozamazama ngamandla ngenxa yokwesaba okwenzekayo. Bona ukuthi izimpawu zesimo esiphuthumayo zenziwa kanjani emahhovisi ezokwelapha. Isibonelo, yini okufanele uyenze ngokushaqeka kwe-anaphylactic. Izisebenzi zezokwelapha zazi zonke izimiso ngekhanda, kodwa lapho umuntu oseduze eqala ukufa, ngokuvamile wonke umuntu ubamba yonke into ngokungenakuzisiza. Ukwenza lokhu, umyalelo ocacile ulenga odongeni ngezinto ezinjengokuthi “vula iphakheji yalokho nokuthi” kanye “nokujova amayunithi amaningi omuthi ngomthambo.”
Kunzima ukucabanga esimweni esiphuthumayo! Kufanele kube neziqondiso ezilula zokwahlukanisa umgogodla.
I-DRP enhle iqukethe amabhulokhi ambalwa alula:
- Ubani okufanele amazise ngokuqala kwengozi. Lokhu kubalulekile ukuze kuhambisane nenqubo yokuqeda ngangokunokwenzeka.
- Indlela yokuxilonga ngendlela efanele - silandelela, sibheka ku-systemctl status servicename nokunye.
- Singakanani isikhathi esingachithwa esigabeni ngasinye. Uma ungenaso isikhathi sokuyilungisa ngezandla zakho ngesikhathi se-SLA, umshini we-virtual uyabulawa futhi ugoqwe kusukela ekugcinweni kwesipele izolo.
- Ungaqinisekisa kanjani ukuthi ukuphahlazeka kuphelile.
Khumbula ukuthi i-DRP iqala lapho isevisi yehlulekile ngokuphelele futhi iqedwa ngokuthola kabusha, noma ngabe ukusebenza kahle kunciphile. Ukumane ulahlekelwe ukubhukha akufanele kusebenze i-DRP. Ungakwazi futhi ukunikeza inkomishi yetiye ku-DRP. Ngokujulile. Ngokwezibalo, izingozi eziningi zisuka ezingezinhle ziye ekubeni yinhlekelele ngenxa yokuthi abasebenzi bethukile baphuthuma ukulungisa okuthile, ngesikhathi esifanayo babulale i-node ephilayo kuphela enedatha noma ekugcineni baqede iqoqo. Njengomthetho, imizuzu emi-5 yenkomishi yetiye izokunikeza isikhathi esincane sokuzola futhi uhlaziye okwenzekayo.
Ungaphambanisi i-DRP kanye nepasipoti yesistimu! Ungayilayishi ngedatha engadingekile. Vele unikeze ithuba lokuya ngokushesha futhi kalula esigabeni esidingekayo semibhalo ngokusebenzisa izixhumanisi futhi ufunde ngefomethi enwetshiwe mayelana nezigaba ezidingekayo zesakhiwo senkonzo. Futhi ku-DRP ngokwayo, kuneziqondiso eziqondile kuphela zokuthi ungaxhuma kuphi futhi kanjani nemiyalo ethile yokukopisha-namathisela.
Indlela yokuhlola ngendlela efanele
Qiniseka ukuthi noma yisiphi isisebenzi esinomthwalo wemfanelo siyakwazi ukuqedela zonke izinto. Esikhathini esibaluleke kakhulu, kungase kuvele ukuthi unjiniyela akanawo amalungelo okufinyelela ohlelweni oludingekayo, awekho amaphasiwedi e-akhawunti edingekayo, noma akazi ukuthi yini “Xhuma kukhonsoli yokuphatha isevisi ngommeleli indlunkulu” kusho. Into ngayinye kufanele ibe lula ngangokunokwenzeka.
Kubi - "Hamba ku-virtualization bese uqalisa kabusha i-node efile"
Kwesokudla - "Xhuma ngesixhumi esibonakalayo sewebhu ku-virt.example.com, esigabeni samanodi, layisha kabusha i-node edala iphutha."
Gwema ukungaqondakali. Khumbula umfundisi owayethukile.
Qiniseka ukuthi uhlola i-DRP. Lokhu akulona nje icebo lokubonisa - kuyinto ezokuvumela wena namaklayenti akho ukuthi niphume ngokushesha esimweni esibucayi. Kungcono ukwenza lokhu izikhathi eziningana:
- Uchwepheshe oyedwa kanye nabafundi abaqeqeshelwa umsebenzi abaningana basebenza ebhentshini lokuhlola elilingisa isevisi yangempela ngangokunokwenzeka. Uchwepheshe wephula insizakalo ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene futhi enze abaqeqeshwayo bakwazi ukuyibuyisela ngokusho kwe-DRP. Zonke izinkinga, ukungaqondakali emibhalweni namaphutha kuyarekhodwa. Ngemva kokuqeqesha abaqeqeshwayo, i-DRP ipheleliswa futhi yenziwe lula ezindaweni ezingacacile.
- Ukuhlola isevisi yangempela. Eqinisweni, awusoze wadala ikhophi ephelele yesevisi yangempela. Ngakho-ke, izikhathi ezimbalwa ngonyaka kuyadingeka ukucisha ingxenye yamaseva ngesisekelo esihleliwe, ukunqamula ukuxhumeka nokuhlela ezinye izingozi ohlwini lwezinsongo ukuze kuhlolwe umyalelo wokubuyisela. Kungcono ukuba nokucisha okuhleliwe kwemizuzu eyi-10 phakathi nobusuku kunokuhluleka okungazelelwe amahora ambalwa ekulayisheni okuphezulu ngokulahleka kwedatha.
- Ukuqedwa kwangempela kwengozi. Yebo, nalokhu kuyingxenye yokuhlolwa. Uma kwenzeka ingozi ebingekho ohlwini lwezinsongo, kuyadingeka ukuthi kwengezwe futhi kuphothulwe i-DRP ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yophenyo lwayo.
Amaphuzu Abalulekile
- Uma i-bullshit ingenzeka, ngeke ivele yenzeke, kodwa izokwenza esimweni esiyinhlekelele kakhulu.
- Qiniseka ukuthi unezinsiza ze-failover.
- Qiniseka ukuthi unama-backups, adaleka ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi ahlolwe njalo ukuze ahambisane.
- Cabanga ngezimo ezivamile ezisongelayo.
- Nikeza onjiniyela ithuba lokuqhamuka nezinketho ezingajwayelekile zokubeka isevisi.
- I-DRP kufanele ibe imiyalelo elula neyisimungulu. Konke ukuxilonga okuyinkimbinkimbi kuphela ngemva kokuba amakhasimende ebuyisele isevisi. Noma iku-standby.
- Faka kuhlu izinombolo zocingo eziyisihluthulelo noxhumana nabo ku-DRP.
- Hlola njalo abasebenzi ukuze uthole ukuqonda kwe-DRP.
- Hlela izingozi ezihleliwe emkhiqizweni. Izitendi azikwazi ukumiselela yonke into.
Source: www.habr.com