Kulolu chungechunge lwezihloko, sifuna ukubheka imibuzo abantu ababa nayo lapho besebenza nabahlinzeki bokusingatha kanye namaseva azinikezele ikakhulukazi. Senze izingxoxo eziningi ezinkundleni zolimi lwesiNgisi, sizama okokuqala ukusiza abasebenzisi ngezeluleko, kunokuba sizikhangise, sinikeze impendulo enemininingwane eminingi futhi engachemi, ngoba sineminyaka engaphezu kwe-14 yokuhlangenwe nakho kulo mkhakha, amakhulukhulu kusetshenziswe ngempumelelo izixazululo kanye nezinkulungwane zamaklayenti anelisekile. Noma kunjalo, izimpendulo zethu akufanele zithathwe njengeziwukuphela kwezimpendulo ezifanele ekuqaleni; zingase ziqukethe amaphutha ngisho namaphutha; akekho ophelele. Sizobonga uma uwengeza noma uwalungisa kumazwana.
Kungani izindleko zeseva ezinomkhawulo wethrafikhi we-100 TB kanye nesiteshi esingu-1 Gbit/s zingaphansi kakhulu kunezindleko zeseva enesiteshi esingu-1 Gbit/s ngaphandle kwethrafikhi? Phela, uma uqasha amaseva angu-2-3 anesiteshi esingu-1 Gbps kanye nomkhawulo we-100 TB, ungasebenzisa inani elilingana ncamashi nelingasetshenziswa iseva ene-1 Gbps Unmetered, noma ngisho nesiteshi esingaphezu kweziqongo, kuyilapho umhlinzeki. empeleni inikeza ihadiwe eyengeziwe, ukuxhumana okwengeziwe kanye nenani eliphansi?
Iqiniso liwukuthi abahlinzeki, lapho benikeza amaseva anomkhawulo omkhulu wethrafikhi noma "akunqunyelwe" ngemali encane, bacabangela amaphrofayili okusebenzisa ajwayelekile amaklayenti abo. Kuvele ukuthi amakhasimende amaningi athenga iziteshi ezinjalo awakusebenzisi ngokugcwele ukuxhumana okunikezwe wona. Yilokhu okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukwenza umnikelo onjalo.
I-100 TB yethrafikhi ingumkhawulo omkhulu kakhulu. Lokhu kungaphezu kuka-100 Mbps Unmetered. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ukuba nesiteshi esingu-100 Mbit / s ngaphandle kokubala, ungapompa i-100 (isivinini kuma-megabits) * 86400 (inombolo yemizuzwana ngosuku) * 30 (izinsuku) / 8 (amabhithi ngamabhayithi) / 1000 (ama-megabytes kuma-gigabytes, uma sibala ngo-1000, hhayi i-1024, i-1024 incane ku-kibibit) = 32 GB ngenyanga ohlangothini ngalunye olunomthwalo wesiteshi ongashintshi we-400%. Kodwa-ke, njengoba sazi, amaseva awasebenzisi ithrafikhi njalo futhi imvamisa ukusetshenziswa kwamajika kwansuku zonke kungabukeka kanje:
Kwabanye, iziqongo zingafinyelela umphumela omkhulu futhi zidinga ukwethembeka okungu-1 Gbit/s ngalezi zikhathi. Kulokhu, inani lomkhawulo wethrafikhi ngenyanga licishe lingeqiwe:
Amaklayenti anjalo, vele, awanayo inzuzo enkulu kubahlinzeki, ngakho-ke umhlinzeki ufuna ukuwadlulisela ku-Unmetered, ngoba uma inikeza izinsizakalo kumakhasimende avela esifundeni esifanayo, kungenzeka ukuthi iziqongo zokusetshenziswa zizoqondana futhi le gigabit "ethembekile". umhlinzeki uzokwazi ukudayisa iklayenti elingu-1,2 kuphela. Uma umhlinzeki enamakhasimende avela ezifundeni ezihlukene, khona-ke kungenzeka ukuthi isiteshi singadayiswa ababhalisile ababili noma ngaphezulu ngesikhathi esisodwa, njengoba amanani aphezulu okusetshenziswa kwezithameli azokwenzeka ngezikhathi ezihlukene. Eqinisweni, akuwona wonke amaklayenti asebenzisa umkhawulo wawo we-TB eyi-100, ngakho ukunikeza amaseva ngomkhawulo wethrafikhi we-TB oyi-100 kunenzuzo enkulu kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuxhuma iziteshi zegigabit eziyi-10 kuma-racks, kungenzeka ukuhlukanisa ngempumelelo kakhulu ithrafikhi phakathi kwawo wonke umuntu. Siyakwazi ukuhlukanisa isiteshi esingu-10 Gbps sibe isilinganiso samarakhi angu-5 agcwele amaseva anomkhawulo we-TB oyi-100. Lokhu cishe amaseva ayi-150. Njengoba irack eyodwa enobude obungamayunithi angama-47 ingamumatha amaseva angamayunithi angama-41 noma amaseva angamayunithi angama-21.
Ngenxa yalokho, isamba esisetshenziswayo sesiteshi simi kanje:
Uma wenqaba isevisi kwababhalisile abakhiqiza ithrafikhi eningi (umnikelo oyinhloko ekulayishweni kwesiteshi wenziwa amaseva angaphansi kwe-10 kwangu-150 akhona kulesi sikhungo), ungakwazi ukwandisa inani lamaseva libe ngu-300 noma ngaphezulu. Futhi wonke umuntu uzojabula futhi wonke umuntu uzoba nethrafikhi eyanele.
Kodwa-ke, kunezinye izindlela zokonga imali futhi ungacasuli ababhalisile - xhuma i-uplink yezokuthutha eshibhile noma uthumele ithrafikhi endaweni yokushintshanisa noma ukubuka mahhala uma ungumkhiqizi omkhulu wethrafikhi.
Yilokhu okusivumela ukuthi sinikeze amanani aphansi, singaphiki isevisi yababhalisi, ukukhokhela abahlinzeki bezokuthutha ama-euro angu-1500-6000 kuyo yonke i-10G, kuye ngokuthi umhlinzeki wezokuthutha muhle kangakanani, nokuthengisa ukuxhumana ngezindleko eziphansi ngenani elithile le-oversell, lapho ngamunye obhalisile uneyakhe yayala isiteshi esithembekile, ngaphandle kokuphazamisana.
Ngokushesha kuyacaca ukuthi kungani intengo ye-1Gbps Unmetered iphakeme kakhulu, ngoba uma ngamaseva angu-100 we-terabyte, akuwona wonke umuntu odla umkhawulo wabo, khona-ke iklayenti eli-oda i-1Gbps Unmetered lizodla ngokucacile iningi lesiteshi. Nakuba sikubonile okuhlukile okungenhla kanye nesibonelo sokuthi umuntu angakwazi kanjani ukukhiqiza cishe u-1 Gbps wethrafikhi eziqongweni futhi abe ngaphakathi komkhawulo wama-terabyte angu-100, lokhu kuhlukile futhi akuyona iphethini evamile.
Umlawuli wami ufake uhlelo lwe-vnstatd kuseva, ithrafikhi ithathwa kusixhumi esibonakalayo, ithathwa njalo ngemizuzu emi-5. Ingabe uyakucabangela konke? Ngakho-ke kukhombisa ukuthi kusetshenziswe i-87 TB, kanti umhlinzeki uthi kusetshenziswe i-96 TB futhi isiminyaminya sesizophela. Ngiyamethemba umlawuli wami wesistimu, unguchwepheshe osezingeni eliphezulu. Futhi uma ethi umhlinzeki ukhuphula izindleko, lokho kuyiqiniso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kufakazelwa yiqiniso lokuthi baqala ukudlala ngamanani ngamandla amakhulu, benikeza ngesikhathi sezingxoxo amanani ahlukene wethrafikhi ngesikhathi esifanayo. Embuzweni othi "kanjani lokhu?" sisalinde impendulo.
Iqiniso liwukuthi ezinye izinhlelo zokubalwa kwethrafikhi zigcina amarekhodi ku-TiB, hhayi i-TB. Ama-Tebibytes, hhayi ama-terabytes. Okusho ukuthi, ukubalwa kwezimali kwenziwa kusetshenziswa isistimu kanambambili, hhayi idesimali, ngesisekelo sokuthi kukhona amabhayithi angu-1024 ku-kilobyte, noma ngokunembile kakhulu ku-kibibyte, hhayi i-1000.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ukuze kuvinjelwe lo mehluko ukuba usetshenziselwe izinjongo zokumaketha, i-ISO (International Standardization Organization) sekuyisikhathi eside yethula isiqalo esithi “bi” samabhayithi kanambambili, okungukuthi, ama-kibibytes, ama-mebibytes, ama-gibibytes, ama-tebibytes. Kodwa ukumaketha kwakusenzeka, futhi uma abakhiqizi bedrayivu, besebenzisa ama-decimal byte, bekwazi ukukhombisa amanani amancane omthamo wedrayivu, khona-ke lapho kulinganiswa nokubalwa kwethrafikhi, isimo siphambene. Umhlinzeki wokusingatha, ngenkathi ehlinzeka nge-100 TB yethrafikhi, uhlinzeka ngokuncane kwakho kunalokho obekungaba yikho uma kubalwa ngokwemibandela kanambambili.
Kungase kubonakale sengathi umehluko mncane, ngamabhayithi angu-24 kuphela ku-1000, iphutha elivela kulokhu liyi-2,4% kuphela, kodwa kungani kunomehluko omkhulu kangaka, ezingeni le-10%? Mhlawumbe abazange ngempela bacabangele ithrafikhi ethile?
Iphuzu liwukuthi akufanele sikhohlwe ukuthi "iphutha" liyakhula, okungukuthi:
Amabhayithi angu-1024 ku-kibibyte (uma sikhuluma ngokuvumelana nezindinganiso ze-ISO), ku-mebibyte kukhona kakade 1024 * 1024 = 1 bytes, ku-gibibyte - 048 * 576 * 1024 = 1024, 1024, 1, 073, 741, 824, 1024, 1024, 1024, 1024, 1, 099, 511, 627, 776, XNUMX, XNUMX, XNUMX, XNUMX, XNUMX, XNUMX, XNUMX, XNUMX, XNUMX, XNUMX, XNUMX, XNUMX na XNUMX XNUMX * XNUMX = XNUMX.
Ukuphenduka okungalindelekile? Yebo?
Uma ukala ithrafikhi ngama-terabytes, umehluko phakathi kwamayunithi e-accounting u-10% ncamashi!
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umehluko kudatha ethathwe ku-switch port kanye ne-server port ingabangelwa ukuhlaselwa kwe-DDOS, okungafinyeleli kuklayenti futhi kungaqedwa ezingeni "lomzila", kuyilapho ukusetshenziswa kwethrafikhi kusenzeka.
Akufanele futhi sikhohlwe ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi uhlelo alunaki ithrafikhi kuwo wonke amachweba, futhi enye ithrafikhi ingase "ibalekele" ukuqapha.
Kulandela futhi ukuthi lapho ithrafikhi elinganiselwe inikezwa, inani lethrafikhi engenayo + ephumayo livame ukucatshangelwa, futhi uma une, yithi, isevisi ye-VPN, isilinganiso sizoba ngu-1 kuya ku-1 futhi amaklayenti akho azokwazi ukupompa inani. okungekho ngaphezulu kwama-50 TB wethrafikhi enomkhawulo we-100.
Kuzoqhubeka ...
Ezinye izikhangiso 🙂
Siyabonga ngokuhlala nathi. Uyazithanda izindatshana zethu? Ufuna ukubona okuqukethwe okuthakaselayo okwengeziwe? Sisekele ngokufaka i-oda noma ngokuncoma kubangani, , i-analogue ehlukile yamaseva ezinga lokungena, esungulwe yithi ngenxa yakho: (itholakala nge-RAID1 kanye ne-RAID10, kufika kuma-cores angu-24 kuze kufike ku-40GB DDR4).
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Source: www.habr.com