I-SLA, eyaziwa nangokuthi “isivumelwano sezinga lesevisi”, isivumelwano sesiqinisekiso phakathi kwekhasimende nomhlinzeki wesevisi mayelana nokuthi ikhasimende lizotholani ngokwemibandela yesevisi. Iphinde ibeke isinxephezelo uma kwenzeka kwehla isikhathi ngenxa yephutha lomphakeli, nokunye. Empeleni, i-SLA iwubufakazi ngosizo lapho isikhungo sedatha noma umhlinzeki wokusingatha eqinisekisa iklayenti okungenzeka ukuthi lizophathwa kahle ngayo yonke indlela. Umbuzo wukuthi ungabhala noma yini oyifunayo ku-SLA, futhi izehlakalo ezibhalwe kulo mbhalo azenzeki kaningi. I-SLA ikude nesiqondiso ekukhetheni isikhungo sedatha futhi ngokuqinisekile akufanele uthembele kuso.
Sonke sijwayele ukusayina uhlobo oluthile lwezivumelwano ezibeka izibopho ezithile. I-SLA nayo ayihlukile - ngokuvamile idokhumenti engenangqondo kakhulu ongayicabanga. Okuwukuphela kwento cishe engenamsebenzi kakhulu i-NDA ezindaweni lapho umqondo "wemfihlo yokuhweba" ungekho ngempela. Kodwa inkinga yonke ukuthi i-SLA ayisizi iklayenti ekukhetheni umphakeli ofanele, kodwa iphonsa uthuli emehlweni kuphela.
Yini abasingathi abavame ukuyibhala enguqulweni yomphakathi ye-SLA abayikhombisa umphakathi? Yebo, umugqa wokuqala igama elithi "ukuthembeka" kwe-hoster - lezi ngokuvamile ziyizinombolo ezisuka ku-98 kuya ku-99,999%. Eqinisweni, lezi zinombolo ziwukusungulwa okuhle kwabadayisi. Kudala, lapho ukusingathwa kwakusekusha futhi kubiza, futhi amafu ayeyiphupho nje lochwepheshe (kanye nokufinyelela kwe-broadband yawo wonke umuntu), inkomba yesikhathi sokusingatha yayibaluleke kakhulu, ibaluleke kakhulu. Manje, lapho bonke abahlinzeki besebenzisa, ukuhlanganisa noma ukususa, okokusebenza okufanayo, behlala kumanethiwekhi afanayo omgogodla futhi banikeze amaphakheji wesevisi afanayo, inkomba yesikhathi sokuphumula ayiphawuleki neze.
Ingabe kukhona ngisho ne-SLA "elungile"?
Kunjalo, kunezinguqulo ezifanele ze-SLA, kodwa zonke zingamadokhumenti angajwayelekile futhi abhalisiwe futhi aphethwe phakathi kweklayenti nomphakeli ngesandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu hlobo lwe-SLA ngokuvamile luthinta uhlobo oluthile lomsebenzi wenkontileka kunezinsizakalo.
Yini okufanele ihlanganise ne-SLA enhle? Ukubeka i-TLDR, i-SLA enhle idokhumenti elawula ubudlelwano phakathi kwezinhlangano ezimbili, enikeza elinye lamaqembu (ikhasimende) ukulawula okuphezulu phezu kwenqubo. Okusho ukuthi, kusebenza kanjani emhlabeni wangempela: kukhona idokhumenti echaza izinqubo zokusebenzisana emhlabeni jikelele futhi ilawula ubudlelwano phakathi kwezinhlangothi. Ibeka imingcele, imithetho, futhi yona ngokwayo iba yisivikelo sethonya zombili izinhlangothi ezingalisebenzisa ngokugcwele. Ngakho-ke, ngenxa ye-SLA efanele, ikhasimende lingavele liphoqe usonkontileka ukuthi asebenze njengoba kuvunyelwene, futhi kusiza usonkontileka ukuthi alwe “nokufunwa” kweklayenti elisebenza ngokweqile elingathethelelwanga yinkontileka. Kubukeka kanjena: "I-SLA yethu isho lokhu nalokhuya, phuma lapha, senza konke njengoba kuvunyelwene."
Okusho ukuthi, "i-SLA efanele" = "inkontileka eyanele yokuhlinzekwa kwezinsizakalo" futhi inikeza ukulawula isimo. Kodwa lokhu kungenzeka kuphela uma usebenza "njengokulingana".
Okubhalwe kuwebhusayithi nalokho okulindelwe empeleni kuyizinto ezimbili ezihlukene
Ngokuvamile, yonke into esizoxoxa ngayo ngokuqhubekayo ngamasu okuthengisa ajwayelekile kanye nokuhlolwa kokunaka.
Uma sithatha abasingathi basekhaya abadumile, khona-ke ukunikezwa okukodwa kungcono kunomunye: ukwesekwa kwe-25/8, isikhathi sokuphumula seseva 99,9999999% yesikhathi, inqwaba yezikhungo zabo zedatha okungenani eRussia. Sicela ukhumbule iphuzu mayelana nezikhungo zedatha, sizobuyela kukho ngemva kwesikhashana. Okwamanje, ake sikhulume ngezibalo ezifanele zokubekezelela amaphutha nalokho umuntu abhekana nakho lapho iseva yakhe isawela “ku-0,0000001% wokwehluleka.”
Ngezinkomba ezingama-98% nangaphezulu, noma yikuphi ukwehla kuwumcimbi osonqenqemeni lwephutha lezibalo. Imishini yokusebenza nokuxhumana kukhona noma akukho. Ungasebenzisa i-hoster enesilinganiso "sokwethembeka" se-50% (ngokwe-SLA yayo) iminyaka ngaphandle kwenkinga eyodwa, noma "ungahluleka" kanye ngenyanga izinsuku ezimbalwa nabafana abafuna i-99,99%.
Lapho isikhathi sokuwa sifika (futhi, siyakukhumbuza, wonke umuntu uyawa ngolunye usuku), khona-ke iklayenti libhekene nomshini wangaphakathi wenkampani obizwa ngokuthi "ukusekelwa", futhi isivumelwano sesevisi kanye ne-SLA kuvezwa obala. Kusho ukuthini:
- Ngokunokwenzeka, emahoreni amane okuqala okuphumula ngeke ukwazi ukwethula lutho, nakuba abanye abasingathi beqala ukubala kabusha intela (inkokhelo yesinxephezelo) kusukela ngesikhathi sokuphahlazeka.
- Uma iseva ingatholakali isikhathi eside, ungakwazi ukuhambisa isicelo sokubalwa kabusha kwentela.
- Futhi lokhu kunikezwa ukuthi inkinga ivele ngenxa yephutha lomphakeli.
- Uma inkinga yakho iphakama ngenxa yeqembu lesithathu (emgwaqeni omkhulu), khona-ke kubonakala sengathi "akekho onecala" futhi lapho inkinga ixazululwa yindaba yenhlanhla yakho.
Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi awulokothi uthole ukufinyelela eqenjini lobunjiniyela, imvamisa umiswa wumugqa wokuqala wokwesekwa, ohambisana nawe ngenkathi onjiniyela bangempela bezama ukulungisa isimo. Kuzwakala ujwayelekile?
Lapha, abantu abaningi bathembele ku-SLA, okubonakala sengathi kufanele ikuvikele ezimweni ezinjalo. Kodwa, empeleni, izinkampani azivamile ukweqa imingcele yedokhumenti yazo noma zikwazi ukuguqula isimo ngendlela yokunciphisa izindleko zazo. Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-SLA uwukuqapha futhi uqinisekise ukuthi noma kwenzeka isimo esingalindelekile, "konke kuzolunga." Inhloso yesibili ye-SLA iwukuxhumana ngamaphuzu abalulekile abalulekile futhi inikeze abahlinzeki besevisi indawo yokuqhuba, okungukuthi, ikhono lokubonisa ukwehluleka kokuthile umphakeli “angenasibopho ngakho.”
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amaklayenti amakhulu, empeleni, awakhathaleli nhlobo ngesinxephezelo ngaphakathi kwe-SLA. “Isinxephezelo se-SLA” siyimbuyiselo yemali engaphakathi kwetherifi ngokulingana nesikhathi sokungasebenzi kwemishini, engasoze yamboza ngisho no-1% wokulahlekelwa okungenzeka kwezimali kanye nesithunzi. Kulokhu, kubaluleke kakhulu kuklayenti ukuthi izinkinga zixazululwe ngokushesha kunohlobo oluthile “lwe-tariff recalculation.”
"Izikhungo eziningi zedatha emhlabeni jikelele" ziyimbangela yokukhathazeka
Sibeke isimo ngenani elikhulu lezikhungo zedatha kumhlinzeki wesevisi esigabeni esihlukile, ngoba ngaphezu kwezinkinga zokuxhumana ezicacile ezichazwe ngenhla, izinkinga ezingabonakali nazo ziyavela. Isibonelo, umhlinzeki wakho wesevisi akakwazi ukufinyelela izikhungo zedatha “zabo”.
Esihlokweni sethu sokugcina , ingqikithi yakho ukudayiswa kabusha kwamakhono abanye abantu ngaphansi kwegama layo. Iningi labasingathi besimanje abathi "banezikhungo zabo zedatha" ezifundeni eziningi bangabathengisi abathengisa kabusha abasebenzisa imodeli Yelebula Elimhlophe. Okusho ukuthi, ngokomzimba abahlangene nakancane nesikhungo sedatha esinemibandela eSwitzerland, Germany noma Netherlands.
Ukungqubuzana okuthakazelisayo kakhulu kuvela lapha. I-SLA yakho nomhlinzeki wesevisi isasebenza futhi isemthethweni, kodwa umphakeli akakwazi ngandlela thize ukuba nomthelela omkhulu esimweni lapho kuba nengozi. Yena ngokwakhe usesimweni esincike kumhlinzeki wakhe siqu - isikhungo sedatha, lapho ama-racks amandla athengwa khona ukuze athengiswe kabusha.
Ngakho-ke, uma ungaqapheli kuphela amagama amahle enkontileka kanye ne-SLA mayelana nokuthembeka kanye nenkonzo, kodwa futhi nekhono lomhlinzeki wesevisi ukuxazulula izinkinga ngokushesha, kufanele usebenze ngokuqondile nomnikazi wezikhungo. Eqinisweni, lokhu kuhilela ukuxhumana okuqondile ngqo nesikhungo sedatha.
Kungani singacabangi izinketho lapho ama-DC amaningi engaba abenkampani eyodwa? Nokho, zimbalwa kakhulu izinkampani ezinjalo. Isikhungo esisodwa, ezimbili, ezintathu zedatha encane noma eyodwa enkulu ingenzeka. Kodwa ama-DC ayishumi nambili, ingxenye yawo e-Russian Federation, kanti eyesibili eYurophu, cishe ayinakwenzeka. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kunezinkampani eziningi ezithengisa umkhiqizo okwedlula ongacabanga. Nasi isibonelo esilula:
Linganisela inani lezikhungo zedatha yesevisi ye-Google Cloud. Bayisithupha kuphela eYurophu. ELondon, e-Amsterdam, eBrussels, eHelsinki, eFrankfurt naseZurich. Okusho ukuthi, kuzo zonke izindawo zomgwaqo omkhulu. Ngoba isikhungo sedatha siyabiza, siyinkimbinkimbi futhi iphrojekthi enkulu kakhulu. Manje khumbula izinkampani zokubamba ezisuka ndawana thize eMoscow “ezinezikhungo zedatha eziyishumi nambili kulo lonke elaseRussia naseYurophu.”
Yebo, abekho abahlinzeki abahle abanozakwethu ohlelweni lwe-White Label, banele, futhi bahlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Benza kube nokwenzeka ukuqasha umthamo e-EU naseRussian Federation ngesikhathi esisodwa ngewindi lesiphequluli esifanayo, ukwamukela inkokhelo ngama-ruble, hhayi ngemali yangaphandle, njalonjalo. Kepha uma amacala achazwe ku-SLA esenzeka, aphenduka abathumbi abafana ncamashi nawe.
Lokhu kusikhumbuza futhi ukuthi i-SLA ayinamsebenzi uma ungenakho ukuqonda uhlaka lwenhlangano namandla omphakeli.
Uyini umugqa waphansi
Ukuphahlazeka kweseva kuhlala kuwumcimbi ongajabulisi futhi kungenzeka kunoma ubani, noma kuphi. Umbuzo uwukuthi ufuna ukulawula okungakanani phezu kwesimo. Manje abekho abaningi kakhulu abahlinzeki bomthamo oqondile emakethe, futhi uma sikhuluma ngabadlali abakhulu, khona-ke bangabanikazi, uma kuqhathaniswa, i-DC eyodwa kuphela endaweni ethile eMoscow kwabayishumi nambili kulo lonke elaseYurophu ongafinyelela kuyo.
Lapha, iklayenti ngalinye kufanele lizinqumele lona: ingabe ngikhetha ukunethezeka njengamanje noma ngichitha isikhathi nomzamo ngithungatha isikhungo sedatha endaweni eyamukelekayo e-Russia noma eYurophu, lapho ngingabeka khona izinto zami zokusebenza noma ngithenge umthamo. Esimweni sokuqala, izixazululo ezijwayelekile okwamanje ezisemakethe zifanelekile. Okwesibili, uzojuluka.
Okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukunquma ukuthi umthengisi wesevisi ungumnikazi oqondile wezikhungo/isikhungo sedatha. Abathengisi abaningi abasebenzisa imodeli Yelebula Elimhlophe bazama ngakho konke okusemandleni ukufihla isimo sabo, futhi kulokhu udinga ukubheka ezinye izimpawu ezingaqondile. Isibonelo, uma "ama-DC awo aseYurophu" enamagama athile namalogo ahlukile egameni lenkampani yabahlinzeki. Noma uma igama elithi “abalingani” livela ndawana thize. Ozakwethu = Ilebula Elimhlophe ku-95% wamacala.
Okulandelayo, udinga ukuzijwayeza nesakhiwo senkampani ngokwayo, noma okungcono, bheka imishini mathupha. Phakathi kwezikhungo zedatha, umkhuba wokuvakasha noma okungenani ama-athikili okuvakasha kuwebhusayithi yabo noma ibhulogi akukusha (sibhale kanjalo и ), lapho bekhuluma ngesikhungo sabo sedatha ngezithombe nezincazelo ezinemininingwane.
Ngezikhungo eziningi zedatha, ungahlela ukuvakasha komuntu siqu ehhovisi kanye nohambo oluncane oluya e-DC ngokwayo. Lapho ungahlola izinga lokuhleleka, mhlawumbe uzokwazi ukuxhumana nomunye wonjiniyela. Kuyacaca ukuthi akekho ozokunikeza uhambo lokukhiqiza uma udinga iseva eyodwa nge-300 RUB/ngenyanga, kodwa uma udinga umthamo ongathi sína, khona-ke umnyango wokuthengisa ungase uhlangane nawe. Ngokwesibonelo, senza izinkambo ezinjalo.
Kunoma yikuphi, umqondo ojwayelekile kanye nezidingo zebhizinisi kufanele zisetshenziswe. Isibonelo, uma udinga ingqalasizinda esabalalisiwe (amanye amaseva aku-Russian Federation, enye e-EU), kuzoba lula futhi kunenzuzo eyengeziwe ukusebenzisa izinsiza zabasingathi abanobudlelwano nama-European DCs besebenzisa i-White Label. imodeli. Uma yonke ingqalasizinda yakho izogxiliswa endaweni eyodwa, okungukuthi, endaweni eyodwa yedatha, kufanelekile ukuchitha isikhathi esithile ekutholeni umphakeli.
Ngoba i-SLA ejwayelekile cishe ngeke ikusize. Kodwa ukusebenza nomnikazi wezikhungo, hhayi umthengisi, kuzosheshisa kakhulu ukuxazululwa kwezinkinga ezingenzeka.
Source: www.habr.com