Ubuchwepheshe bezokwelapha bushintshe kakhulu muva nje. Imishini yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu isisetshenziswa kabanzi: izikena ze-magnetic resonance imaging, imishini ye-ultrasound ne-X-ray yochwepheshe, ama-centrifuges, abahlaziyi begesi, i-hematological kanye nezinye izinhlelo zokuxilonga. Lawa madivayisi athuthukise kakhulu ikhwalithi yezinsizakalo zezokwelapha.
Ukuze kuvikelwe imishini enembayo ephezulu ezikhungweni zezokwelapha, ezibhedlela nasemitholampilo, kusetshenziswa izinto zamandla ezingaphazamiseki (UPS). Ngaphezu kwalokho, lawa madivayisi ahlinzeka ngesevisi yekhwalithi kuzikhungo zedatha lapho kugcinwa khona amarekhodi esiguli, amarekhodi ezokwelapha, nezinhlelo zokusebenza zokucubungula idatha. Baphinde basekele ukunikezwa kwamandla kwezinhlelo zokuphatha izakhiwo ezihlakaniphile.
Ngokocwaningo olwenziwa yi-Public Library of Science, ukuphela kukagesi ezikhungweni zezokwelapha kuthinta kabi yonke into kusukela ekuhlinzekeni ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okuyisisekelo kuya ekugcineni ukusebenza kwemishini eyinkimbinkimbi.
Izimbangela ezivame kakhulu zokuphazamiseka kokunikezwa kwamandla yizinhlekelele zemvelo: imvula, ukukhithika kweqhwa, iziphepho... Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izimo ezinjalo bezilokhu zanda emhlabeni wonke, futhi, ngokukamagazini wezokwelapha i-New England Journal of Medicine, ukwehla kokwehla kwamandla emali. akukalindelwa.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi izikhungo zokunakekelwa kwempilo zilondoloze ukuqina okuphezulu phakathi nezimo eziphuthumayo, lapho izinkulungwane zeziguli zingadinga ukunakekelwa. Ngakho-ke, isidingo sezinhlelo ze-UPS ezithembekile namuhla sikhulu kunangaphambili.
Imitholampilo yaseRussia: indaba yokukhetha i-UPS ephezulu
Izikhungo eziningi zezokwelapha eRussia zikahulumeni, ngakho ukuthengwa kwemishini kwenziwa ngokuncintisana. Ukukhetha i-UPS ethembekile futhi ugweme izindleko ezingadingekile ngokuzayo, kunezinyathelo ezi-5 okufanele uzilandele lapho ulungiselela ithenda.
1. Ukuhlaziywa kwengozi. Ukuze ugweme ukuwohloka nokulungiswa okumba eqolo, kubalulekile ukuvikela imishini yezokwelapha ebalulekile, ukufakwa kwelabhorethri ezikhungweni zokucwaninga nemishini yesiqandisi lapho izinto zebhayoloji zigcinwa khona nge-UPS.
Kusungulwe imithetho ekhethekile yamayunithi okusebenza. Lapha, idivayisi ngayinye iphindeke kabili uma kwenzeka yonakele, futhi igumbi ngokwalo linikezwa ukuhlinzekwa kwamandla okuzinzile okuqinisekisiwe.
Inethiwekhi kagesi yamakamelo okusebenza kufanele izimele ngokuphelele. Lokhu kufezwa ngokufaka i-transformer. Iphutha elivame kakhulu ukufaka esikhundleni i-transformer nge-UPS yokuguqula kabili. Kumodi yokudlula, ama-UPS anjalo awaphuli ukungathathi hlangothi (u-zero osebenzayo), futhi lokhu kungqubuzana ne-GOST yezokwelapha kanye nezidingo ze-SNIP.
2. Ukukhethwa kwamandla e-UPS kanye ne-topology. Imishini yezokwelapha ayinazo izimfuneko ezikhethekile zalezi zimiso, ngakho-ke ungasebenzisa i-UPS kunoma yibaphi abathengisi abanezitifiketi zamazwe ngamazwe zokuhambisana kozibuthe kagesi.
Udinga kuphela ukunquma kumandla asetshenziswa imishini ngokukhetha ama-UPS esigaba esisodwa noma ezintathu. Okokusebenza okungabizi kakhulu, kwanele ukuthenga ama-UPS ayisipele alula; kulawa abalulekile, lawo angenawo umugqa noma lawo adalwe ngokuya nge-topology yokuguqulwa kabili kukagesi.
3. Ukukhetha i-architecture ye-UPS. Lesi sinyathelo siyeqiwa uma unquma ukufaka ama-UPS esigaba esisodwa - ayi-monoblock.
Phakathi kwamadivayisi ezigaba ezintathu, izinketho ze-modular zilungile, lapho amandla namayunithi ebhethri efakwe ekhabetheni elilodwa noma amaningi axhunywe ibhasi elivamile. Zinhle kakhulu emakamelweni okusebenza, kodwa zidinga izindleko zokuqala eziphakeme. Noma kunjalo, ama-UPS ajwayelekile azikhokhela ngokugcwele futhi anokwethenjelwa kakhulu nge-N+1 redundancy. Uma iyunithi yamandla eyodwa ihluleka, ingahlakazwa kalula iyodwa futhi ithunyelwe ukuze ilungiswe ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukusebenza kwesistimu. Uma isilungile, ikhwezwa emuva ngaphandle kokuvala i-UPS.
Ukulungiswa kwamadivayisi ezigaba ezintathu ze-monoblock kudinga unjiniyela wesevisi oqeqeshiwe ukuthi avakashele indawo yokufaka futhi kungathatha izinsuku noma ngisho namaviki.
4. Ukukhetha uhlobo lwe-UPS namabhethri. Imibuzo okufanele uyicacise lapho ukhetha umphakeli:
- Ingabe umkhiqizi unazo izimboni nesikhungo socwaningo?
- Ingabe imikhiqizo inazo izitifiketi ze-ISO 9001, 9014?
- Yiziphi iziqinisekiso ezinikezwayo?
- Ingabe ukhona umlingani wesevisi ogunyaziwe esifundeni sakho ukuze ahlinzeke ngosizo ngokufaka nokusetshenziswa kwemishini, kanye nokulungiswa okulandelayo?
Uhlu lwamabhethri luyakhethwa kucatshangelwa izidingo zempilo yebhethri: uma liyinde, umthamo webhethri kufanele ube mkhulu. Ezokwelapha, izinhlobo ezimbili zamabhethri zivame ukusetshenziswa: i-lead-acid enempilo yesevisi yeminyaka engu-3-6 kanye namabhethri e-lithium-ion abiza kakhulu, anenani eliphakeme kakhulu lemijikelezo yokushaja, isisindo esiphansi kanye nezidingo zokushisa eziphansi, kanye nempilo yesevisi engaba yiminyaka eyi-10.
Kutuswa ukusebenzisa amabhethri e-lead-acid uma inethiwekhi ikukhwalithi enhle futhi i-UPS cishe ihlezi ikumodi yebhafa. Kodwa uma ukunikezwa kwamandla kungazinzile, kunemikhawulo yobukhulu nesisindo, kufanele unikeze okuthandayo kumabhethri e-lithium-ion.
5. Ukukhetha umphakeli. Inhlangano ibhekene nomsebenzi wokungagcini nje ngokuthenga i-UPS, kodwa nokuyiletha, ukuyifaka nokuyixhuma. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthola umphakeli ozoba uzakwethu waphakade: ukwenza ngokufanele ukuthunywa, ukuhlela ukwesekwa kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokuqapha okude kwe-UPS.
Lolu daba ludinga ukunakwa okukhethekile, ngoba imigomo yokuthenga ayisho ukufakwa nokuthunywa. Kukhona ingozi yokushiywa lutho - ukuthenga imishini, kodwa ungalitholi ithuba lokuyisebenzisa.
Ochwepheshe abathintekayo kwingqalasizinda yobunjiniyela kumele basebenzisane nabo bobabili umnyango wezezimali kanye nabasebenzi bezokwelapha, njengoba ukuthengwa kwe-UPS kuvame ukuhlelwa ngokuhambisana nemishini yezokwelapha emisha. Ukuhlela kahle kanye nokuxhumana kwezindleko kuyisiqinisekiso sokuthi ngeke kube nezinkinga ngokuthengwa nokufakwa kwe-UPS.
Amacala we-Delta Electronics: isipiliyoni sokufaka i-UPS ezinhlanganweni zezokwelapha
I-Delta Electronics, kanye nenkampani yaseRussia esabalalisa i-Tempesto CJSC, iwine ithenda yokuhlinzekwa kwemishini yokuvikela amasistimu kagesi. Isikhungo Sesayensi Sezempilo Yezingane se-Russian Academy of Medical Science (NCD RAMS). Ihlinzeka ngokunakekelwa okusezingeni lomhlaba futhi yenza ucwaningo olubalulekile lwezokwelapha.
I-SCDC RAMS ifake okokusebenza kwakamuva kanye nobuchwepheshe obunemba kakhulu, obuzwela kakhulu ekunqamukeni kukagesi nokwenyuka kwamandla kagesi. Ukuze kugcinwe izinga eliphezulu lokunakekelwa kweziguli ezisencane futhi kuvinjwe ukulimala kwabasebenzi bezokwelapha ngenxa yokungasebenzi kahle kwemishini, kwabekwa umsebenzi wokuthatha indawo yezinhlelo zokuvikela ugesi.
Emagcekeni esikhungo sesayensi, amalabhorethri namafriji, uchungechunge lwe-UPS ΠΈ. Phakathi nokucisha kukagesi, lezi zixazululo zokuguqulwa okukabili zivikela ngokuthembekile izisetshenziswa zezokwelapha. Ukukhetha kwenziwe kwavuna lolu hlobo lwe-UPS ngoba:
- Amayunithi e-Modulon NH-Plus kanye ne-Ultron DPS aletha ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwe-AC-AC ehamba phambili embonini;
- ibe nesici samandla aphezulu (> 0,99);
- ebonakala ngokuhlanekezela okuphansi kwe-harmonic kokokufaka (iTHD <3%);
- hlinzeka ngembuyiselo ephezulu ekutshalweni kwezimali (ROI);
- zidinga ubuncane bezindleko zokusebenza.
I-modularity ye-UPS ihlinzeka ngamathuba okuphindaphindeka okuhambisanayo nokushintshwa ngokushesha kwemishini ehlulekile. Ukuhluleka kwesistimu ngenxa yokuhluleka kwamandla akufakiwe.
Kamuva, imishini ye-Delta yafakwa emitholampilo yezikhungo zokuxilonga nokubonisana eSikhungweni Sezesayensi Sezifo Zezingane se-Russian Academy of Medical Science.
Source: www.habr.com