Ngenisa ukushintshwa kanye nokwakhiwa kwemikhumbi

Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, nganikezwa umsebenzi wokuklama umzila wezigebengu zomkhumbi. Isitsha ngasinye esikhulu sinemibili: owodwa ohlangothini lwe-starboard nolunye ohlangothini lwechweba.

Izitebhisi zesitebhisi zinesimo semicircular esihlakaniphe ukuze zikwazi ukumumatha ama-engeli ahlukahlukene wokuthambekela. Kulengiswa inetha ukuze kuvinjwe abantu nezinto ekuweleni esigxotsheni noma emanzini.

Umgomo wokusebenza weladi ungenziwa lula kanje. Lapho intambo iboshelwe ku-drum ye-winch 5, indiza yesitebhisi 1 idonselwa engxenyeni ye-console yesitebhisi sesitebhisi 4. Ngokushesha nje lapho indiza ihlezi ngokumelene ne-console, iqala ukujikeleza endaweni yayo ye-hinge, ishayela i-shaft 6 kanye ne-swing-out platform 3. Ngenxa yalokho, indiza yesitebhisi iwela emaphethelweni ayo, i. Lapho ufika endaweni eqondile yokugcina, inkinobho yomkhawulo ivuliwe, imise iwintshi.

Noma iyiphi iphrojekthi yalolu hlobo iqala ngokubuyekezwa kokucaciswa kobuchwepheshe, imibhalo yokulawula, nokulingana okukhona. Sizokweqa isigaba sokuqala, njengoba ukucaciswa kuqukethe kuphela izimfuneko zobude beladi, izinga lokushisa elisebenzayo, ukuphelela, nokuhambisana nenani lamazinga omkhakha.

Ngokuqondene namazinga, abekwe kudokhumenti eyodwa enevolumu eminingi, "Imithetho Yokuhlukaniswa Nokwakhiwa Kwemikhumbi Ehamba Olwandle." Ukuthobela le mithetho kugadwa Irejista Yase-Russian Maritime of Shipping, noma i-RMR ngamafuphi. I-RMRSNgemva kokufunda lo msebenzi onemiqulu eminingi, ngibhale phansi amaphuzu aphathelene nesitebhisi newintshi. Nazi ezinye zazo:

Imithetho yokuphakamisa amagiya emikhumbi eya olwandle

1.5.5.1 Izigubhu zamawintshi kufanele zibe nobude kangangokuthi, uma kungenzeka, ungqimba olulodwa lokusonga lwentambo luqinisekise.
1.5.5.7 Kutuswa ukuthi zonke izigubhu ezingabonakali ku-opharetha ngesikhathi sokusebenza zifakwe izinto eziqinisekisa ukusongwa nokubeka kahle kwekhebula esigubhuni.
1.5.6.6 Indawo yama-pulley ezintambo, amabhlogo neziphetho zezintambo ezixhunywe ezakhiweni zensimbi kumele zivimbele izintambo ukuthi zingawi ezigubhini nama-pulley amabhlogo, futhi zingafaki ukungqubuzana kwazo zodwa noma ngokumelene nesakhiwo sensimbi.
9.3.4

Phakathi nesigaba sesithathu sokulungiselela inqubo yokuklama, ngisebenzisa i-inthanethi enamandla onke, ngahlanganisa ifolda yezithombe zemigulukudu. Ukufunda lezi zithombe kwakuwukukhulisa izinwele. Ngithole okunikezwayo okuningi kwama-gangways kumasayithi afana ne-Alibaba. Nasi isibonelo:

• Emajoyini, i-axle yensimbi igudla iso lensimbi
• Asikho isivikelo ekuweleni kwentambo ngaphandle kwe-block groove uma kungekho kushuba.
• Ipulatifomu yenziwe ngeshidi eliqinile. Uma iqhwa lakha, akuphephile ukulisebenzisa. Kungcono ukusebenzisa i-grating (yize ingakhululekile kakhulu uma ugqoke izithende).

Ake sibheke esinye isithombe:

Iposi eliyindingilizi ye-aluminium linamathiselwe kumzila we-aluminium we-runway ngebhawudi elithayela. Kunezinkinga ezimbili lapha:

• Ibhawodi lensimbi "lizophuka" ngokushesha imbobo ku-aluminium ibe i-ellipse futhi isakhiwo sizozamazama.
• Ukuthintana phakathi kwe-zinc ne-aluminium kubangela ukugqwala kwe-electrochemical, ikakhulukazi lapho kukhona amanzi olwandle lapho kuthintana khona.

Kuthiwani ngamawindi ethu?

• Njengoba iwintshi itholakala endaweni evulekile eduze kwe-gangway, kungcono ukubeka injini ibheke phezulu kunokuba ivundlile ukuze wonge isikhala.
• Upende esigubhu sensimbi uzoxebuka ngokushesha, futhi ukugqwala kuzongena. Labo abanomthwalo wemfanelo bazophoqeleka ukuthi bathinte njalo lokhu kungcola ngebhulashi.

Izinto zaba mnandi nakakhulu. Ngisebenzisa abathintwayo bami bomuntu siqu kwezinye izindawo zemikhumbi, ngakwazi ukubona ababekufaka kumaphrojekthi abo amanje. Kwenye indawo yemikhumbi, ngathatha isithombe sesitebhisi sinamathiselwe ezitebhisini:

Izikhala zinkulu. Uthango luzolenga njengomsila wengulube. Amakhona acijile adala ingozi. Futhi nali iphaneli yokulawula iwintshi yepulasitiki:

Enye iwela phezu kwesiteki sensimbi ngosuku olubandayo, olunomoya futhi yayiyophahlazeka ibe yizicucu.

Iwintshi komunye umkhumbi yayifihlwe ku-casing evalekile enokushisa:

Isixazululo sokushisa i-gearmotor sinengqondo ngokuphelele. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi akunakwenzeka ukuthola idrayivu enezinga lokushisa elingaphansi kuka -40°C. Nokho, emikhunjini ephihliza iqhwa, ukucaciswa ngokuvamile kucacisa -50°C. Ukuthenga nokushisisa i-gearmotor evamile kubiza kakhulu kunoku-oda inguqulo yangokwezifiso kumkhiqizi. Kodwa-ke, njengakunoma iyiphi iphrojekthi, kunama-nuances athile:

• Uma i-casing ivaliwe, ukubekwa kwezintambo akugadwa, okuphambene nemithetho ye-RMRS. Umuntu obeka izintambo kufanele amiswe lapha.
• Isibambo sokukhishwa kwamabhuleki okwenziwa ngesandla siyabonakala, kodwa isibambo sokuzungezisa shaft yenjini asibonakali. I-GOST R ISO 7364-2009 "Imishini yedekhi. Amawintshi e-Gangway" idinga wonke amawintshi asebenza ngaphansi kwemithwalo elula ukuthi afakwe idrayivu yezandla. Nokho, izinga alichazi igama elithi "umthwalo omncane."

Ake sibheke ugongolo lwesitebhisi:

• Asikho isivikelo ekuweni kwentambo ngaphandle kwebhlokhi. Ngokushesha nje lapho incipha, isibonelo uma i-gangway ithinta umgodi, izophuma ngokushesha emfudlaneni. Uma iqiniswa ngokwengeziwe, kuzokwakhiwa i-kink kuyo, futhi yonke intambo izodinga ukushintshwa.
• Kubonakala sengathi kukhona okungalungile ngomzila wentambo. Ku-pulley yokuchezuka evundlile, intambo igobela phansi.

Komunye umkhumbi, sibona ama-block pulleys afakwe kuma-axle enziwe ngamabhawodi angemuva. Amathuba okuthi kukhona i-bronze noma i-polymer antifriction bushing ngaphakathi, njengoba kudingwa yimithetho ye-RMRS, mancane:

Ngakwazi ukuthwebula lezi zigelekeqe ezilandelayo eduze kweBlagoveshchensky Bridge naseMgwaqweni uLieutenant Schmidt (eSt. Petersburg).

Ezindaweni eziningi intambo igudla izakhiwo zensimbi:

Futhi nakhu ukuqiniswa kwepali yocingo olukhiphekayo endaweni yesikhulumi:

Mayelana nezinamathiselo zohlobo lwefulegi ezisetshenziselwa ukuvikela okuthunyelwe okuyindilinga, ngizolandisa ngendaba emangalisayo engiyizwe kothile owayisebenzisa. Ifulegi le-fastener lihlala lijwayele ukuzungeza liye phansi ngaphansi kwesisindo salo. Ngenxa yalokho, lapho ufaka noma ukhipha isibambiso, kunethuba lokuthi ifulegi lizozungezisa liye phansi ngenkathi lisengaphakathi kokuthunyelwe. Ngenxa yalokho, isibambiso siyabhajwa futhi asikwazi ukuphuma noma ukungena. Okuthunyelwe akukwazi ukususwa, i-gangway ayikwazi ukuhlehliswa, umkhumbi awukwazi ukushiya indawo, futhi umnikazi womkhumbi ulahlekelwa yimali.

Ngeke ngimangale muntu ngesithombe esilandelayo:

Ilunga lihlikihla ngensimbi. Upende usuvele uyaxebuka, nakuba indawo yapendiwa ngemva kokufakwa. Lokhu kubonakala ngamabhawodi apendiwe.

Ake sibheke winch:

• Upende usuvele uyaxebuka isigubhu.
• Izintambo zokugawula ngeke zihlale isikhathi eside

Angikaze ngihambe ngomkhumbi ophihliza iqhwa, kodwa nasi isithombe esivela ku-inthanethi sokuhlanza amadekhi:

Umklamo wewintshi awuhambisani neze nokususwa kweqhwa; izintambo zizolimala ngokushesha ngefosholo. I-nameplate yewintshi yesiShayina:

Ngokusho kwezimpawu, umkhawulo ophansi webanga lokushisa lokusebenza yi--25 degrees Celsius. Futhi umkhumbi ubizwa ngokuthi "umkhumbi ophihliza iqhwa."

Angikaze ngibone iwintshi eyodwa enesistimu evimbela intambo ukuthi ingavuleki ngokuphelele ("i-foolproof"). Okusho ukuthi, uma ucindezela inkinobho kusilawuli kude, irempu izokwehla futhi yehle kuze kuphele intambo. Ngemva kwalokho, isibambi sentambo sizogqashuka, futhi irempu izondiza isuke (isibambi sezintambo ngokwaso asikwazi ukuthwala umthwalo; amandla adluliswa ngokushwibeka phakathi kwegobolondo lesigubhu kanye nokujika okumbalwa kokuqala kwentambo).

Ake ngikukhumbuze ukuthi zonke lezi zithombe zivela emikhunjini emisha noma kulezo esakhiwayo. Lokhu okokusebenza okusha okufanele kudalwe kucatshangelwa ulwazi lomhlaba wonke kanye nawo wonke amathrendi esimanje kubunjiniyela bemishini nokwakhiwa kwemikhumbi. Kodwa konke kubukeka njengemikhiqizo yasekhaya, ehlanganiswe egaraji. Abahlinzeki bemishini eminingi yemikhumbi bayehluleka ukuthobela imithetho ye-RMRS nengqondo evamile.

Ngabuza uchwepheshe ophikweni lokuthenga kwesinye sezitshalo ngalokhu. Uphendule ngokuthi wonke amarempu athengiwe agunyazwe yi-Russian Maritime Register of Shipping (RMRS) ngokuhambisana nazo zonke izidingo ezidingekayo. Ngokwemvelo, athengwe ngezinqubo zamathenda ngenani eliphansi kakhulu.

Kwabe sekubuzwa umbuzo ofanayo kuchwepheshe we-Russian Maritime Register of Shipping (RMRS), futhi wathi yena ngokwakhe akazange azisayine izitifiketi zalezi zitebhisi futhi wayengeke aphuthelwe into enjalo.

Iladi engaliklamayo, ngokwemvelo, laklanywa futhi lakhiwa ngokucabangela zonke izici engizichazile:

• Isigubhu sensimbi engagqwali esinongqimba olulodwa esimazombezombe kanye nesisetshenziswa sokubeka izintambo;
• Amapulangwe ensimbi engagqwali anokuvikela ukuwa kwezintambo;
• Ama-bearings angenalutho ane-antifriction polymer bushings angadingi ukuthambisa;
• Izintambo ku-silicone insulation kanye ne-steel braiding;
• Iphaneli yokulawula insimbi engenasici;
• Isibambo sedrayivu yesandla esikhiphekayo ewintshini enesistimu yokuvikela ekuvuleni ugesi lapho isibambo singakhishwa;
• Ukuvikelwa ekunqanyulweni okuphelele kwentambo esigubhu;

Bonisa ngokuningiliziwe Angikwazi ukukutshela ngakho kule ndaba, njengoba kuzophula amalungelo akhethekile ekhasimende kumadokhumenti okuklama engiwakhiqizile. Iladi lithole isitifiketi se-RMRS, lathunyelwa endaweni yokugcina umkhumbi, futhi selivele lilethiwe ekhasimendeni lokugcina kanye nomkhumbi. Nokho, intengo ibonakale ingenakuncintisana, futhi mancane amathuba okuthi ithengiselwe omunye umuntu.

Ngizophetha indaba yami lapha, ukuze ngingacasuli amakhasimende, abakhi bemikhumbi, izimbangi, noma abamele i-RMRS. Ungathola iziphetho zakho mayelana nesimo sokwakhiwa kwemikhumbi.

Source: www.habr.com