Ngenisa esikhundleni ngokwenza. Ingxenye 2. Isiqalo. I-Hypervisor

Kwedlule isihloko okukhethwa kukho kwacatshangelwa ukuthi yiziphi izinhlelo ezikhona ezingathathelwa indawo njengengxenye yokuqaliswa komyalelo wokushintshaniswa kwezinto kwamanye amazwe. Izihloko ezilandelayo zizogxila ekukhetheni imikhiqizo ethile ezothatha indawo yaleyo esetshenzisiwe njengamanje. Ake siqale ngendawo yokuqala - uhlelo lwe-virtualization.

1. Ubuhlungu bokuzikhethela

Ngakho, yini ongakhetha kuyo? IN irejista ye-Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications kukhona ukukhetha:

• Isistimu ye-virtualization yeseva "I-R-Virtualization» (libvirt, KVM, QEMU)
• Iphakethe lesoftware "Brest amathuluzi e-virtualization» (libvirt, KVM, QEMU)
• I-Platform yokuphatha nokuqapha imvelo ye-virtualization "Sharx Stream" (isixazululo samafu esingafanele amahhovisi kahulumeni ku-95% wamacala (imfihlo, njll.)
• Iphakheji yesoftware yokwenza amaseva, amadeskithophu kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza "I-HOST"(KVM x86)
• Uhlelo lokuphatha okuphephile kwendawo ye-virtualization "Z|vir"(oVirt+KVM)
• Isistimu yokuphatha imvelo ebonakalayo "I-ROSA Virtualization"(oVirt+KVM)
• I-Hypervisor QP VMM (ifana kakhulu ne-Oracle Virtual Box ukuba ibe yini enye)

Ungakwazi futhi ukucabangela ama-hypervisors afakwe ekusatshalalisweni kwe-OS noma atholakala endaweni yawo yokugcina. Isibonelo, i-Astra Linux inokusekelwa kwe-KVM. Futhi njengoba ifakiwe kumakhosombe e-OS, ingabhekwa “njengesemthethweni” ukuze ifakwe futhi isetshenziswe. “Yini engasetshenziswa njengengxenye yokubuyisela nokungenayo” kuxoxwe ngayo esikhathini esedlule isihloko, ngakho-ke ngeke ngigxile kulolu daba.

Eqinisweni, lapha uhlu lwamathuluzi e-Astra Linux virtualization:

• VirtualBox
• Umphathi we-Virt (KVM) Ukhozi lwamanje
• libvirt ngaphezu kwe-KVM

I-ROSA Linux ayinalo uhlu olunjalo, kodwa ungaluthola ku-wiki amaphakheji alandelayo:

• I-ROSA Virtualization phezu kwe-oVirt phezu kwe-KVM
• QEMU ngaphezu kwe-KVM
• oVirt 3.5 ngaphezu kwe-KVM

Ukubala kunalokhu QEMU ngaphezu kwe-KVM

I-Alt Linux iyafana I-KVM

1.2. Kukhona eyodwa KODWA

Lapho sihlolisisa, siphetha ngokuthi kuzodingeka sibhekane nama-hypervisors ambalwa aziwayo, okungukuthi:

1. I-KVM
2. VirtualBox
3. QEMU

QEMU iwuhlelo lomthombo wamahhala noluvulekile lokulingisa ihadiwe yamapulatifomu ahlukahlukene, angasebenza ngaphandle kokusebenzisa i-KVM, kodwa ukusebenzisa i-Hardware virtualization kusheshisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwezinhlelo zezivakashi, ngakho ukusebenzisa i-KVM ku-QEMU (-vula-kvm) inketho ekhethwayo. (c) Okusho ukuthi, i-QEMU iwuhlobo lwe-2 hypervisor, okungamukeleki endaweni yomkhiqizo. Nge-KVM ingasetshenziswa, kodwa kulokhu i-QEMU izosetshenziswa njengethuluzi lokuphatha le-KVM...

Ukusebenzisa okwangempela VirtualBox kwezentengiselwano empeleni ukwephulwa kwelayisensi: “Kusukela ngenguqulo 4, ekhishwe ngoDisemba 2010, ingxenye enkulu yomkhiqizo isatshalaliswa mahhala ngaphansi kwelayisensi ye-GPL v2. Iphakheji eyengeziwe efakwe phezu kwayo, ehlinzeka ngokusekelwa kwamadivayisi e-USB 2.0 kanye ne-3.0, I-Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP), ukubethela kwedrayivu, ukubhutha kusuka ku-NVMe ne-PXE, isatshalaliswa ngaphansi kwelayisensi ekhethekile ye-PUEL ("ukusetshenziswa komuntu siqu nokuhlola") , lapho uhlelo lukhululekile ukusetshenziswa komuntu siqu, ngezinjongo zokuqeqesha, noma ukulinganisa ngaphambi kokunquma ukuthenga inguqulo yezentengiso." (c) I-Plus VirtualBox nayo iyi-hypervisor yohlobo 2, ngakho nayo iyanyamalala.

Inani: ngesimo sayo esimsulwa sinakho kuphela I-KVM.

2. Okusele: I-KVM noma i-KVM?

Uma usadinga ukushintshela ku-hypervisor "yasekhaya", ukukhetha kwakho, ukukhuluma ngokungananazi, kuncane. Kuzoba njalo I-KVM ku-wrapper eyodwa noma kwenye, ngokulungiswa okuthile, kepha kusazoba yi-KVM. Ukuthi lokhu kuhle noma kubi kungomunye umbuzo; akusekho okunye.

Uma izimo zingaqinile kangako, njengoba kuxoxiwe ngaphambili isihloko: “Sidinga ukuletha izinkomba emikhawulweni emisiwe. Eqinisweni, lokhu kusho ukuthi kufanele simiselele i-OS ekhona kakade ngemikhiqizo evela ku-Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications registry futhi sikhulise isibalo sezinhlelo zokusebenza ezishintshiwe ziye ku-80%.... Ngakho, singashiya ngokuphephile iqoqo ku-Hyper-V , njengoba sinayo futhi siyayithanda... "(c) Ngakho-ke sibhekene nokukhetha: Microsoft Hyper-v noma KVM. I-KVM mhlawumbe ngezilawuli “ezisikriwe” kuyo, kodwa isazohlala injalo I-KVM.

Le mikhiqizo ikude kakhulu nokuqhathaniswa kanye, hhayi kabili, hhayi kathathu...Awu, uyaqonda...

Mayelana nokuthunyelwa nokucushwa I-KVM kwakungabhalwanga ngendlela efanayo kanye, hhayi kabili, hhayi kathathu futhi cha izikhathi ezine... Ngamafuphi nje, yaphela.

Okufanayo kuya I-Microsoft Hyper-V..

Angiboni sizathu sokuziphinda futhi ngichaze lezi zinhlelo, ukuqhathanisa, njll. Yebo, ungakhipha amaphuzu abalulekile ezihlokweni, kodwa lokhu kungaba ukungahloniphi ababhali, ngicabanga. Noma ubani okufanele akhethe ngeke afunde lokhu kuphela, kodwa futhi nentaba yolwazi ukuze enze umqondo wakhe.

Umehluko kuphela engifuna ukugxila kuwo i-failover clustering. Uma iMicrosoft inalokhu okwakhelwe ku-OS kanye nokusebenza kwe-hypervisor, lapho-ke esimweni se-KVM kuzodingeka usebenzise isoftware yomuntu wesithathu, okufanele ifakwe kumakhosombe we-OS. Inhlanganisela efanayo ye-Corosync+Pacemaker, isibonelo. (Cishe zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza zasekhaya zinale nhlanganisela ... mhlawumbe zonke, kodwa angizange ngihlole i-100% yazo.) Izincwadi zokusetha ukuhlanganisa nazo zitholakala ngobuningi.

3. Isiphetho

Hhayi-ke, njengenjwayelo, abakwaKulibins bethu abazange bazihluphe, bathatha ababenakho, bangeza kancane okwabo, futhi bakhiqiza “umkhiqizo” lowo, ngokwemibhalo, owasekhaya, kodwa empeleni yi-OpenSource. Ingabe kunengqondo ukusebenzisa imali kusabelomali ezinhlelweni “ezihlukene” ze-virtualization (funda: azifakiwe ku-OS)? Ungacabangi. Njengoba usazothola i-KVM efanayo, kuzodingeka uyikhokhele kuphela.

Ngakho-ke, ukukhetha indawo ye-hypervisor kwehla kulokho iseva OS ozoyithengela i-Enterprise futhi usebenze. Noma, njengami, uzohlala nalokho osuvele unakho (Hyper-VESXi insert_needed).

Source: www.habr.com