Siqhubeka nochungechunge lwethu lwama-athikili mayelana nokushintshwa kwamanye amazwe. Izincwadi ezedlule zixoxile , futhi ngokuqondile .
Manje sekuyithuba lokukhuluma ngamasistimu wokusebenza "wasekhaya" afakwe kuwo Namuhla.
0. Indawo yokuqala
Ngizibambe ngicabanga ukuthi angazi ukuthi yimiphi imingcele yokuqhathanisa ukusatshalaliswa kwe-LINUX. Ugibele phakathi , akuzange kucace nakakhulu. Yiziphi izici okufanele zicatshangelwe? Yini okufanele uyithathe njengesiqalo? Mina-ke, umbandela obaluleke kakhulu we-OS yeseva ukuzinza. Kodwa ngaphakathi kohlaka lokuhlola, igama elithi "ukuzinza" lizwakala okungenani liyinqaba. Hhayi-ke, ngizomba ohlelweni olusetshenzisiwe isonto ... Kodwa isonto aliyona inkomba emhlabeni lapho iminyaka embalwa yesikhathi sokuphumula ingekho ngisho nenani elijwayelekile. Ukuhlolwa Kwengcindezi? Indlela yokulayisha uhlelo esitobhini? Ngaphezu kwalokho, yi-OS edinga ukulayishwa, hhayi uhlelo lokusebenza, futhi ilayishwe ukuze iphahlazeke... Futhi uma kungekho neyodwa yazo ephahlazekayo, ingaqhathaniswa kanjani?..
Kodwa ngabe sengifinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi ukuzinza kungathuthukiswa ngokwemibandela kusuka kukhithi yokusabalalisa enguyise we-OS "yasekhaya". Ku-Astra, isibonelo, lena i-Debian, ye-ROSA - Isigqoko Esibomvu, ye-Calculate - Gentoo, njll. Futhi kuphela ku-Alt ikhishwe eMandriva kudala kangangokuthi ingathathwa njengokusabalalisa okuzimele (ngokuphathelene nazo zonke ezinye i-OS "yasekhaya"). Kodwa sicela ukhumbule ukuthi konke lokhu kunemibandela ngokwedlulele, ngoba akwaziwa ukuthi abaphothuleli bafake ini kumakhodi omthombo, nokuthi yini eyashintshwa njengengxenye yokwandisa ukuphepha kwe-OS.
Umbandela oqashwe kakhulu ukwakheka kwamaphakheji wokusabalalisa we-OS kanye namaphakheji endaweni yawo yokugcina. Kodwa kulokhu kufanele siqhubeke nezidingo zesidingo. Nginemisebenzi yami edinga ukuxazululwa, unayo eyakho, futhi indlela yokukhetha isoftware kufanele ibe yilena ncamashi: “Umsebenzi ukukhetha isoftware,” hhayi okuphambene nalokho, njengoba kuvame ukwenzeka ezinhlanganweni ezingenzi nzuzo. .
Ngakho-ke, nazi izinsizakalo ezidinga ukuthunyelwa lapho "uhamba":
- Iseva yemeyili
- Zabbix
- I-DBMS
- iseva yewebhu
- Iseva yeJabber
- Isipele
- Ihhovisi suite
- Amakhasimende e-SUFD namaBhange
- Iklayenti lemeyili
- Isiphequluli
AD, DNS, DHCP, CertService hlala kumaseva e-Windows (izincazelo mayelana nalokhu zinikezwe ku ). Kodwa ngobuqotho, ngiyaqaphela ukuthi Isevisi Yohlu lwemibhalo ingaphakanyiswa ku-SAMBA efanayo noma i-FreeIPA, futhi okunye ukusatshalaliswa kufuna izinsizakalo zohla lwemibhalo “zazo” (I-Astra Linux Directory, ALT, ROSA Directory, Lotos Directory). I-DNS ne-DHCP nazo zisebenza kunoma yikuphi ukusatshalaliswa kwe-Linux, kodwa akuwona wonke umuntu odinga iseva yesitifiketi.
Iseva yemeyili. Ngiyathanda I-Zimbra. Ngisebenze nayo, ilungile, ingakwazi ukubuyisa idatha ku-Exchange, ingenza ezinye izinto eziningi. Kepha ingasatshalaliswa kuphela ku-ROSA Linux. Ungayifaka kwamanye ama-OS, kodwa ngeke ithathwe njengesemthethweni. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isistimu ngayinye yokusebenza “yasekhaya” inesethi yayo yamaseva e-imeyili; ngagijimela kuZimbra.
Zabbix. Akanambangi. Ngisho nangokwengeziwe ngaphakathi kohlaka lokushintshaniswa kwamanye amazwe. I-Zabbix ifakwe ku-Alt Linux, RED OS, Astra kanye neROSA. Imakwe ngokuthi "ayizinzile".
I-DBMS. I-PostgreSQL isekela yonke i-OS "yasekhaya".
iseva yewebhu. Apache itholakala kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza zeseva.
Iseva yeJabber. Ngokuvamile, kuhlelwe ukwethula I-Bitrix24, kodwa ngijwayele ukuthi yonke into yenzeka isikhathi eside kakhulu, ngakho-ke ngicabangela inketho yengxoxo yenkampani esekelwe ku-jabber. Sengikujwayele I-OpenFire. Ungenile . Kukhona ne-ejabberd njengengxenye ye-ROSA, Alt, RED OS kanye ne-Astra.
Isipele. Kukhona I-Bacula, kufakwe ku-Astra, Rosa, Alt, Calculate, AlterOS.
Ihhovisi suite. I-office suite yamahhala Mahhala Ihhovisi ikhona kuwo wonke amaklayenti (futhi ngokuvamile amaseva) amasistimu wokusebenza "wasekhaya".
Iklayenti lemeyili. Thunderbird ikhona kuwo wonke amaklayenti (futhi ngokuvamile amaseva) amasistimu wokusebenza "wasekhaya".
Isiphequluli. Okungenani I-Mozilla Firefox itholakala kuwo wonke ama-OS. Isiphequluli se-Yandex Ungakwazi futhi ukuyifaka kuwo wonke ama-OS.
С Amakhasimende e-SUFD namaBhange konke kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ngokusemthethweni, konke lokhu kungasebenza cishe kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza "zasekhaya". Eqinisweni, ukuhlola lokhu kunzima kakhulu, ngoba udinga ukuthatha umsebenzisi, umlethe emshinini ngaphansi kokuhlolwa bese uthi "zama." Lokhu kugcwele. Ngakho-ke okokuqala ngqa ngizoshiya isikimu esidala - umshini obonakalayo weklayenti leBhange ngalinye oneWindows kanye nethokheni edluliselwe kuwo. Ngenhlanhla, i-Linux iyazi ukuthi idlulisela kanjani amathokheni ngokunembile. Futhi kuzobonakala lapho.
Okulandelayo, ake siqhubekele ekukhetheni Amasistimu Okusebenza afanelana nezidingo zethu. Kodwa ukuze ngibe nenjongo, ngizamile ukuhlanganisa amasistimu okusebenza amaningi ngangokunokwenzeka kurejista yoMnyango Wezokuxhumana Nezokuxhumana.
1. Yini ongakhetha kuyo
Uhlu olukurejista yoMnyango Wezocingo Nezokuxhumana Luningi kakhulu, kodwa kulandela umhlangano womkhandlu wochwepheshe wesoftware yaseRussia ngaphansi koMnyango Wezocingo kanye Nokuxhumana KwamaMisa waseRussia, kwanqunywa. «Ulyanovsk.BSD«,«RED OS"Futhi"I-eksisi".
Amasistimu engibone adingekayo ukuze "ngiwathinte":
- I-Astra Linux
- Alto
- Bala i-Linux
- I-ROSA Linux
- RED OS
- I-AlterOS
- I-WTware
Amasistimu aphakamisa imibuzo eminingi kunaleyo ayiphendulayo (mina):
- Ulyanovsk.BSD
- I-eksisi
- QP OS
- I-Alpha OS
- OS LOTUS
- I-HaloOS
Ekuqaleni ngangifuna ukunikeza izithombe-skrini, izincazelo, izici ze-OS ngayinye ... Kodwa konke lokhu kwase kukhona kakade. Kunenqwaba yezithombe-skrini kumawebhusayithi abathuthukisi, izincazelo zikhona futhi emakhulwini ezindatshana kulesi sihloko ku-RuNet, izincazelo zamathuba nazo zingatholakala kumawebhusayithi asemthethweni... Kodwa uma unganikezi noma iyiphi “ ukuzijwayeza”, khona-ke yonke into izophinde yehlele emcabangweni, njengoba kwakunjalo ezihlokweni ezimbili zokuqala. Ividiyo? kukhona futhi... Kuyoba khona ipuleti lesifinyezo, kunjalo, kodwa lokho akuwona umkhuba...
Ngakho-ke ekugcineni nginqume ukubhala nje imibono yami siqu nemicabango mayelana ne-distro ngayinye ngenkathi ngihlola. Nokho, ulwazi oluwusizo oluthe xaxa, futhi alusizo kangako.
1.1. I-Astra Linux
Izinguqulo zamanje:
I-Astra Linux Common Edition - 2.12
I-Astra Linux Special Edition - 1.6
Ukusatshalaliswa komzali yi-Debian.
Ukwakheka kwamaphakheji esoftware kungabukwa . (Inkinobho ethi “Imininingwane” engabonakali ngaphansi kwezithombe zesofthiwe enebhrendi esigabeni “SOHLELO LOKUSEBENZA”.)
Kuthatha isikhathi eside kakhulu ukufaka. Kuthathe cishe ihora nesigamu ukuhambisa i-OS emshinini we-virtual ... Okusho ukuthi, uma kunesidingo sokuyihambisa kuma-PC we-1500 esizindeni, kuzothatha isikhathi esiningi.
Lena indawo ka-Debian. Lena i-Debian yefa. I-Astra inamaphakheji amadala nakakhulu kunomzali wayo, kokubili esakhiweni nasendaweni yokugcina izinto. Uma kunesidingo esiphuthumayo, kungenzeka ukuxhuma inqolobane ye-Debian, noma kunjalo, lokhu kukhansela ngokuzenzakalelayo noma yikuphi ukufaka esikhundleni sokungenisa (kulokhu, ungabuyekeza uhlelo kusuka ku-Debian apt update && apt upgrade repository, futhi izoqhubeka nokusebenza ... kodwa-ke, anginaso isiqiniseko sokuthi hlobo luni lwesilwane esiphelile, ngamdubula ngenxa yomusa nje..).
Ideskithophu "Fly". Empeleni, i-GUI ayidingeki nhlobo kuseva, nakuba yenza ezinye izenzo zibe lula. Kepha kumsebenzisi we-OS akukho ndawo ngaphandle kwayo. Sekukonke, ishiya umbono omnandi, ngenkathi isondele kakhulu kuWindows, okuzokwenza kube lula ukuguqukela kule OS kubasebenzisi. Ngokuvamile, kuningi "-Fly" ohlelweni, futhi konke lokhu ukuthuthukiswa kwe-JSC NPO RusBITech. Ama-hotkeys ngokuvamile asebenza ngendlela efanayo nasebenza ngayo ku-Windows. Win+E ivula i-Explorer, Win ivula imenyu yebha yomsebenzi, njll. Ngokuvamile, ngokusobala, abathuthukisi bazame ukuletha ukubukeka eduze ngangokunokwenzeka ku-Windows.
I-OS ijoyina i-AD, ikuvumela ukuthi ulungiselele ukugunyazwa, njll. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, kubonakale kuzinzile (ngoba kungahlulelwa ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa), hhayi i-Debian OS elula futhi elula futhi ejabulisayo.
Uma uthanda, ungafaka amaphakheji ngaphandle kwendawo yokugcina. Ngizame usebenzisa i-OpenFire njengesibonelo. Ulanda iphakheji le-Debian, futhi yonke into ifakwa kalula.
Ukuxazulula izinkinga zami, ingasetshenziswa njengenkundla yokuthumela i-Zabbix, iseva ye-Jabber, i-PosgreSQL, i-Apache. Njenge-OS yangokwezifiso, yenelisa zonke izidingo (i-Nice interface, i-LibreOffice, i-Thunderbird, i-Firefox). Angizange ngiyihlole i-SUFD kanye neKlayenti lasebhange.
I-Special Edition ihlukile ku-Common Edition ngokuthi Okukhethekile kulungele ukusebenza nezimfihlo zombuso namanye amadokhumenti ayimfihlo, kuqinisekisiwe ngalokhu. Okuvamile i-OS "evamile", ingasetshenziswa lapho isitifiketi singadingeki, futhi asikho isidingo sokusebenza ngemfihlo.
Intengo yelayisensi yoHlelo Olukhethekile olu-1Izindleko: RUB 14
Intengo yelayisensi engu-1 Common EditionIzindleko: RUB 3
1.2. Alto
Ukusatshalaliswa komzali - i-Alt Linux (ngo-2000, iMandrakeLinux yathathwa njengesisekelo)
Into yokuqala eyangimangaza ngokujabulisayo isifaki. Ngaphambi kokubhala lesi sihloko, bengingenalo ulwazi ngalesi simiso, futhi ngajabula kakhulu ngesifaki.
Ngiyithande ngempela iseva ye-OS; ngingasebenzisa yonke into engiyidingayo kuyo, ngaphandle kwe-Zimbra njengengxenye yokufaka esikhundleni, kunjalo. Ungaphinda usebenzise isilawuli sesizinda (kukhona ukusebenzisa kwakho okusekelwe ku-OpenLDAP kanye ne-MIT Kerberos).
Kuseva kukhona ideskithophu ye-KDE. Cishe azikho izinguquko kulo uma kuqhathaniswa nokwasekuqaleni. Inkinga ukuthi i-KDE ayizange ibe nezinguquko nakumsebenzisi we-OS, okusho ukuthi abasebenzisi bazokhala ngenxa yomkhuba wabo.
Inzuzo enkulu yalolu hlelo yiqiniso lokuthi lakhiwe eRussia cishe iminyaka engama-20. Inesethi ebanzi yesoftware endaweni yokugcina kanye nesisekelo solwazi esibanzi.
Ngithanda ukuqaphela ukuthi i-Basalt SPO izinsizwa ezinhle. Bazenzela okwabo kakade lapho kungakabi umfudlana omkhulu, futhi bayaqhubeka nokwenza kanjalo. Futhi bakwenza kahle.
Intengo yelayisensi yeseva engu-1Izindleko: RUB 10
I-Client OSIzindleko: RUB 4
1.3. Bala i-Linux
Ukusatshalaliswa komzali - Gentoo
Ungabuka amaphakheji .
Kukhona ama-edishini anokuqaliswa okuhlukile kwe-GUI, kunokuningi ongakhetha kukho ukuze kube lula kubasebenzisi. Uhlelo lwe-KDE, ngokwesibonelo, lusondele kakhulu ku-Windows.
Ngenxa yokuthi ukuphuma kusetshenziselwa ukufaka amaphakheji, ukusetha indawo yokusebenzela kuthatha isikhathi esiningi uma kwenziwa ngesandla. Okubalulekile kungaba usizo kakhulu lapha, kodwa kufanelekile ukucabangela zonke izinketho.
Uhlelo lungabuyekeza ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi lungasebenza esizindeni se-AD.
Inzuzo enkulu ye-OS, ngokubona kwami, i-Calculate Console, into elula kakhulu futhi ewusizo.
Ukubala akunakho ukusekela.
Ngokuvamile, uhlelo lufanele ukunakwa; lungakwazi ukusekela cishe zonke izinsizakalo engizidingayo: I-Zabbix (engabazekayo, idinga ukuhlolwa endaweni yokukhiqiza), iseva ye-jabber, i-PosgreSQL, i-Apache. Njenge-OS yangokwezifiso, yenelisa zonke izidingo (i-Nice interface, i-LibreOffice, i-Thunderbird, i-Firefox). Angizange ngiyihlole i-SUFD kanye neKlayenti lasebhange.
Inani ngelayisensi ngayinye: mahhala
1.4. I-ROSA Linux
Izinguqulo zamanje:
Iseva ye-ROSA Enterprise Linux - 6.9
I-ROSA Enterprise Desktop - 11
Ukusatshalaliswa komzali - Mandriva
I-OS yomsebenzisi ayiqali ku-Hyper-V. Ngisho nesifaki asikwazi ukuqala. “umsebenzi wokuqala usabambekile kuze kuqedwe inqubo yokuqalisa ..” Kwadingeka ngiwusebenzise ku-PC.
Ideskithophu ye-KDE ekusetshenzisweni kwe-ROSA iseduze ne-Windows, elungele i-OS yomsebenzisi. Kukhona futhi izinketho nge-GNOME, LXQt, Xfce, kuningi ongakhetha kukho. Inkinga kuphela ukuthi inguqulo ye-LibreOffice isidala kakhulu.
Ukwakheka kwesoftware kungatholakala ku
Iseva ye-OS ibonakale izinzile. Lolu hlelo lungasetshenziswa ukuqhuba zonke izinsiza ezingithakaselayo, kuhlanganise ne-Zimbra.
Uyakwazi ukusebenza nge-AD futhi angangena ngayo. Ingase futhi isebenze njengeseva yokugunyazwa. Okuhlanganisa kukhona ukuqaliswa kwayo kwesilawuli sesizinda - i-RDS, esakhiwe ngesisekelo se-freeIPA.
Intengo yelayisensi yeseva engu-1Izindleko: RUB 10
I-Client OSIzindleko: RUB 3
1.5. RED OS
Okufanayo nasesimweni se-Astra - ukufakwa okude kakhulu. Ihora nesigamu +-
Ukusatshalaliswa komzali - Isigqoko Esibomvu
Isethi eyisisekelo yamaphakheji ingabukwa . . .
Ideskithophu yi-KDE. Ngezinguquko ezincane ukusuka kokwangempela. Izithombe zangemuva azikho isicefe futhi izithonjana zibomvu.
Inguqulo ye-Linux kernel ingenye yezinhlelo zokusebenza zakamuva “zasekhaya” emakethe.
Inamathela ku-AD, ukugunyazwa kungalungiswa.
Ukubuyela eqinisweni lokuthi i-GUI ayibalulekile kuseva, ISIGCAWU ESIBOMVU ESITHI RED. Iqinile, ibhaliwe, futhi kunezindatshana eziningi zokuthi ungasetha kanjani noma yini.
Ngingasho ngokuzethemba ukuthi uhlelo alulubi. Ukuxazulula izinkinga zami, ingasetshenziswa njengenkundla yokuthumela i-Zabbix, iseva ye-Jabber, i-PosgreSQL, i-Apache. Akukho Bacula kuyo. Njengomsebenzisi we-OS, izanelisa kakhulu izidingo (i-LibreOffice isiphelelwe yisikhathi, iThunderbird neFirefox zikhona). Angizange ngiyihlole i-SUFD kanye neKlayenti lasebhange.
Intengo yelayisensi yeseva engu-1Izindleko: RUB 13
I-Client OSIzindleko: RUB 5
1.6. I-AlterOS
Izinguqulo zamanje:
Iseva - 7.5
Ideskithophu - 1.6
Ukusatshalaliswa komzali - openSUSE
Kukho konke ukufakwa, kanye nokusebenzisa i-OS, ngaba nomuzwa onamandla wokuthi ngisebenza ne-CentOS, hhayi nge-openSUSE.
Ukuqinisekiswa komsebenzisi kuthatha cishe imizuzwana engama-20, okubangela okungenani ukudideka.
Emshinini obonakalayo endaweni ye-Hyper-V, ikhesa yegundane ibonakale ingabonakali ... Yasebenza, yagqamisa izinkinobho, yachofoza kuzo, kodwa angizange ngiyibone. Ukuqalisa kabusha akusizanga, bengingakayiboni ikhesa.
Akukwazanga ukuthola uhlu olunokwakheka kwamaphakheji esoftware, ngakho-ke kwadingeka ngingene kumakhosombe mathupha. Asikwazanga ukumba yonke into esiyifunayo, kodwa sekukonke sithole izinto eziningi.
Ideskithophu ye-KDE enokusekelwa kwe-hotkey ilula kakhulu. Idizayini muhle, iseduze neWindows, elungele abasebenzisi bokugcina. Ngokuvamile, i-GUI ingithokozisile, uma kungenjalo ngephutha (noma isici) esinesikhombisi esingabonakali.
Uyakwazi ukusebenza nge-AD futhi angangena ngayo. Ingase futhi isebenze njengeseva yokugunyazwa.
Angizange ngibe nezinkinga nge-AlterOS, ngaphandle kwekhesa, ngakho-ke uhlelo lusebenza kahle.
Ukuxazulula izinkinga zami, ingasetshenziswa njengenkundla yokuthumela i-PosgreSQL, i-Apache. Njenge-OS yangokwezifiso, yenelisa zonke izidingo (i-Nice interface, i-LibreOffice, i-Thunderbird, i-Firefox). Angizange ngiyihlole i-SUFD kanye neKlayenti lasebhange.
ngendlela yezithombe kanye nemibhalo.
Intengo yelayisensi engu-1Izindleko: RUB 11
1.7. I-WTware
I-WTware ayikwazi ukubizwa nge-OS ngomqondo ojwayelekile waleli gama. Lolu hlelo luyi-add-on kuseva ye-OS, luyiguqulela ku-RDP yokuxhuma amaklayenti amancane, iyiphakheji evumela amaklayenti amancane ukuthi aqalise kunethiwekhi. Isekela i-Windows Server kusukela ngo-2000 kuya ku-2016, i-Hyper-V VDI, isilawuli kude se-Windows, i-xrdp ku-Linux, i-Mac Terminal Server.
Iqukethe iseva ye-TFTP eklanyelwe ukunika amandla amakhasimende ukulanda ngenethiwekhi, iseva ye-HTTP esebenza ngokuhlanganyela ne-TFTP, kanye neseva ye-DHCP yokukhipha amakheli e-IP kumakhasimende. Ingakwazi futhi ukuqalisa imishini yeklayenti kusuka ku-hdd, CD-ROM noma flash drive.
Isoftware inhle .
izindleko ngamunye amalayisensi:
1 - 9 amalayisensi: 1000 ruble
10 - 19 amalayisensi: 600 ruble
20 - 49 amalayisensi: 500 ruble
50 - 99 amalayisensi: 400 ruble
Amalayisense ayi-100 noma ngaphezulu: ama-ruble angama-350
1.8. Ulyanovsk.BSD
Izinguqulo zamanje:
Ulyanovsk.BSD 12.0 UKUKHISHWA P3
Ukusatshalaliswa komzali - I-FreeBSD
Njengoba kubhaliwe ngenhla, i-Ulyanovsk.BSD inawo wonke amathuba okususwa kurejista yoMnyango Wezokuxhumana Nezokuxhumana, njengoba isekelwe ku-FreeBSD, cishe ayihlukile kweyokuqala, futhi isebenzisa inqolobane yayo, okuthi, ngaphakathi kohlaka. wokushintshaniswa kwamanye amazwe, kubangela ukudideka okubi kakhulu mayelana nalokho okungathathwa njengesofthiwe esemthethweni.
Ulyanovsk.BSD "yathuthukiswa" ngumuntu oyedwa. Kukhona okungitshelayo ukuthi kuncane okushintshile ngaphakathi ngokuphathelene nokusatshalaliswa kwe-FreeBSD yomzali. Ngamafuphi, ngeke ngikucabangele futhi, nakuba ngizohlinzeka ngedatha ethile kuthebula lesifinyezo, ukuze ngikwenze kucace.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusatshalaliswa okulandiwe akuzange kuqale ku-Hyper-V noma ku-Windows 10 noma endaweni yeqoqo le-2012R2. I-hypervisor imane ingaboni ukuthi iqale kuphi. Nganquma ukuthi angiyidingi ngalesi sikhathi...
Angiboni iphuzu ngokubhala noma yini enye, kunezibuyekezo eziningi ku-FreeBSD, ngakho-ke asiqhubeke futhi singalibali.
Intengo yelayisensi engu-1Intengo: 500 rub.
1.9. I-eksisi
Inguqulo yakamuva: - 2.1
Ukusatshalaliswa komzali - I-CentOS
Selokhu kwabhalwa isihloko esandulele, isimo ngewebhusayithi ye-OS asikashintshi; isixhumanisi sokulanda namanje asisebenzi. Comrade Ngingeze isixhumanisi sezinsiza zokusabalalisa kumazwana, ngiyabonga kuNdoda. Kepha iqiniso lokuthi abathuthukisi namanje abakaphenduli esicelweni sami, kunezinkinga ngesiza futhi ukufakwa kwe-OS kurejista yoMnyango Wezocingo kanye Nezokuxhumana Kwama-Mass kuye kwangabazwa, akuvusi injabulo enkulu. imicabango mayelana namathemba. Okungenani, sengiqala ukuncika emcabangweni wokuthi asisekho isidingo sokulinda izibuyekezo ze-OS, futhi uma kunjalo, cabanga ukuthi uhlelo lufile.
Umbono wokuyeka ukusekelwa ubuye usekelwe yiqiniso lokuthi umyalo wokuvuselela i-yum ubuyisela "Awekho amaphakheji amakelwe ukubuyekezwa", okungukuthi, kusukela ekukhululweni kokugcina kwe-2018.11.23, osekuyizinyanga eziyisithupha, akukho lutho olushintshile endaweni yokugcina. .
I-OS OS iyisethi evamile yomsebenzi, akukho okungaphezu kokujwayelekile.
Ukufakwa kuyashesha impela (ngokuphathelene nakho konke okunye ukusatshalaliswa). Indawo yokugcina izinto incane kakhulu, inguqulo ye-Linux kernel indala kakhulu - 3.10.0, futhi amaphakheji esoftware nawo aphelelwe yisikhathi.
Angiyithandanga ngempela i-GUI. Akwenziwa nje kuphela imenyu yebha yomsebenzi (izigaba kwesokudla, izinkinobho kwesokunxele), kodwa futhi ayinalo ulwazi. Kungenxa yokuthi ama-GUI anjalo abasebenzisi abajwayelekile bayayizonda i-Linux kukho konke ukubonakaliswa kwayo...
Okuwukuphela kwento engiyithandile futhi nganamathela kuyo kwakuwumdlalo owakhelwe ngaphakathi 2048... Ngichithe cishe imizuzu eyi-15 ngiwudlala ngaze ngabuya umqondo...
Intengo yelayisensi: mahhala
1.10. QP OS
"I-QP OS ayiyona i-clone yanoma iyiphi enye isistimu yokusebenza futhi yasungulwa kusukela ekuqaleni ..." (c) I-Cryptosoft iveza lokhu "okuyingqayizivele" njengenhlanganisela yesistimu yayo, kodwa empeleni, kulokhu singaphetha ngokuthi azikho izimbungulu ezihlonziwe “ Kukhona ithoni yezici kuyo, futhi onjiniyela kuphela abangayiphatha, okwehlisa kakhulu izindleko zayo emehlweni abalawuli besistimu.
Isihloko esandulele sibangele ukusabela okuvela enkampanini ye-Cryptosoft. Ummeleli wabo ubhalise ku-Habre ukuze aveze “i-fi” yakhe kuphela. Amazwana abe kanje:
Okungitshele okuningi mayelana neziqu zonjiniyela. Ngemuva kwalesi sitatimende esisemthethweni, ngizinqumele ukuthi ngeke ngize phakathi kwekhilomitha lemikhiqizo yabo. Uma umthuthukisi ethi "ukuhlukaniswa kwama-hypervisors ezinhlobonhlobo kuyinto ehlobene," ngakho-ke akaqondi ngokucacile ukuthi ukhuluma ngani. Kodwa, nginqume ukuba nenhloso futhi ngacela ukusatshalaliswa kokuhlolwa. Angizange ngiyithole impendulo. C.T.D.
Eqinisweni, i-Cryptosoft mihle. Ngempela benze okuthile okusha, okuthile okwabo, futhi isimo sami sengqondo ngabo sisekelwe kumqondo wabo ongaqondakali (kanye nesitatimende somuntu obhale ukuphawula egameni labo esihlokweni esandulele). Kodwa futhi kufanelekile ukuqaphela ukuthi banendlela eyinqaba kakhulu yokuthuthukiswa kwesixhumi esibonakalayo. Isibonelo, isixhumi esibonakalayo sabo se-hypervisor singu-99.99% sikopishwe ku-VirtualBox (kuhlanganise "nomklamo" wezinkinobho..), i-interface ye-QP DB Manager Tool ivela ku-Veeam, njll.
Intengo:
Esinye isizathu sokuthi kungani ngingafuni ukuzibandakanya ne-QP ukuntuleka kwe-OS yokuthengisa mahhala.
1.11. I-Alpha OS
Ngokusobala, ayikho i-OS enjalo. Ngizochaza ukuthi kungani. Ngeke ithengwe. Ayikwazi ukulandwa (ngisho nakumasayithi avinjiwe, uma wazi ukuthi ngiqonde ukuthini). Inencazelo kuphela, iqembu elivaliwe ku-VK, ividiyo eyodwa esiteshini se-YouTube kanye newebhusayithi enencazelo (izithombe-skrini ezimbalwa nevidiyo). Konke. Ayikabuyekezwa unyaka wonke. Futhi akekho ophendule incwadi yami ngesicelo sokuthenga.
Ngokwencazelo, lokhu cishe kugcotshwa uNkulunkulu kwe-MacOS eneWindows. Kukhona inguqulo yeklayenti kuphela; ayikho inguqulo yeseva. Yinhle, futhi isithombe sangemuva asidina... Nakuba ukuzithuthukisa kwabo kuyinto ehlekisayo. Izimpikiswano ezivuna i-Alpha OS zizwakala kanje: “Uma kunendawo etafuleni labasebenzi yochwepheshe wemultimedia noma izinto zokukhangisa, kuzodingeka ukhiphe ama-ruble engeziwe angama-21 ngonyaka ngesicelo ngasinye esizodingeka emsebenzini wakhe wobungcweti:
- Ukucutshungulwa kwehluzo ze-raster: I-Adobe Photoshop Creative Cloud ~ RUB 21. ngonyaka"(c) Bese kuba nendaba yokuthi u-Alpha une-GIMP yamahhala... Futhi hhayi nezwi mayelana neqiniso lokuthi iyatholakala nakuWindows...
Intengo:
Ama-OS awatholakali ukuthi athengiswe ngisho nangesicelo esiqondile esivela kunjiniyela.
1.12. OS LOTUS
«Akukho ukusatshalaliswa kwesilingo se-Lotus OS ngokwemvelo. Kunezizathu eziningi zalokhu.
Ungathenga ilayisense eyodwa ngocingo oluthambile, isibonelo, noma kozakwethu benkampani.
Ukuhlola (okusho ukuhlola ngokuhambisana nezidingo zomndeni we-GOST34), kanjalo, i-Lotus OS isineminyaka engu-4 manje, kuziphathimandla ezahlukene ezinekhono eliphezulu kakhulu.
Ngenxa yokuhlolwa okunjalo, i-Lotus OS ifakiwe ezinhlelweni zokuphepha zolwazi ezifana ne-SecretNet (Ikhodi Yokuphepha), i-DallasLock (I-Confident), izinhlelo zokuphepha zolwazi ezifana ne-VipNet (Infotex), i-CryptoPro (CRYPTO-PRO), ama-antivirus afana ne-Kaspersky anti-virus. .
Uma udidekile mayelana nokuhambisana nesofthiwe yakho ekhona noma ihadiwe,
Thina, ngokucabangela intshisekelo yakho, sizohlanganyela ekuxazululeni inkinga yakho. Ukuhlola ngenjongo yokuhlola akuthakaseli."(c) (isilinganiso esiqondile)
Njengoba unjiniyela engafuni ukuhlinzeka ngokusabalalisa kokuhlola, akanantshisekelo ekusebenziseni umkhiqizo wakhe. Ngisho ne-Windows inesikhathi sokulinga... Ngakho-ke ulwazi luzoba yithiyori kuphela, luthathwe kumadokhumenti bese luhlaziywa.
Izinto ezithakazelisayo:
«Isevisi yenkomba ye-Lotos Directory..."(Nge)
Hhayi-ke, mancane amathuba okuba kube eyakhe. Ngaphansi kwe-hood kukhona i-samba efanayo, noma i-FreeIPA, noma enye into... Lokhu akukho embhalweni.
«I-Lotus OS inikeza amandla okusebenzisa izinqubomgomo zeqembu kusukela kusixhumi esibonakalayo sesithombe somlawuli."(Nge)
Ukwahlulela ngevidiyo ethulwe kuwebhusayithi yonjiniyela, yebo, kungenzeka. Kodwa isethi yemisebenzi incane kakhulu futhi ilinganiselwe kangangokuthi ishiya kuphela okufunwayo. Yebo, kungcono kunalutho, kodwa ... angazi. Angizange ngiqiniseke. Ngoba kubonakala sengathi ukuthumela imiyalo ku-selinux efanayo kanye ne-firewall ... Yebo, nginephutha, kodwa lokhu akuguquli ingqikithi yendaba.
"Ikhonsoli yokuphatha yesistimu yokusebenza ye-Lotus ihlukanisa amafayela wokucushwa kwesistimu yokusebenza kumphathi, imnikeze isikhombimsebenzisi esicacile sokushintsha amapharamitha wesistimu."(Nge)
Kusho ukuthini ukuthi amafayela okucupha afihliwe ngisho nakumlawuli ... Hhayi-ke, abaphathi be-Linux, abajwayele ukuba namehlo abomvu, bangasebenza kanjani nalokhu? Kubaphathi be-Windows, lena indlela ejwayeleke kakhudlwana, ezokwenza ukuqeqesha kabusha kube lula... Kodwa kuzokwenza impilo yabaqondisi be-Linux ibe nzima... Ngamafuphi nje, ngizoshiya ukufinyelela kumafayela bese ngifipha umsebenzisi. interface phezulu, futhi hhayi konke lokhu...
Akukwazanga futhi ukuthola ukwakheka kwamaphakheji endaweni yokugcina. Ngakho-ke umbuzo wokuthi yini esingayithola njengengxenye ye-OS uhlala ungaphendulwa.
Intengo yelayisensi yeseva engu-1Izindleko: RUB 15
I-Client OSIzindleko: RUB 3
1.13. I-HaloOS
Asikwazanga ukuthola noma yiluphi ulwazi kule OS. Kusebhukwini loMnyango Wezocingo kanye Nokuxhumana Kwabantu abaningi, yilokho kuphela. Kukhona isixhumanisi somkhiqizo esiholela kuwebhusayithi yomhlanganisi, kodwa alukho ulwazi.
Mayelana namanani. Umbono wami siqu, engingawuphoqi muntu nganoma iyiphi indlela futhi engingaceli ukuthi uthathwe njengeqiniso, yilokhu okulandelayo:
Ukungabikho komkhiqizo odayiswa ngokuqondile kubonisa ukuthi leli akulona ibhizinisi ngempela, ngoba ikhasimende ngalinye lizonikezwa inani lalo ngaphakathi kohlaka lwenkontileka, futhi mina mathupha ngibheka lokhu "njengesimo esivamile" ezweni, esiye sathola intengo. ayihlangene nebhizinisi elibucayi, futhi ihloselwe kuphela ukukhipha izimali.
2. Isifingqo
Ngakho-ke, ake sifingqe ulwazi esilugubhe efomini eligayekayo.
Ulwazi oluyisisekelo kuseva ye-OS:
*I-Ulyanovsk.BSD iyi-FreeBSD cishe ngesimo sayo esihlanzekile.
Amasevisi angukhiye angafakwa ezinhlelweni zokusebenza zeseva:
I-OS yangokwezifiso:
I-Astra Linux - ukusebenza. I-Debian izinzile. Kumsebenzisi, i-GUI iseduze ne-Windows Explorer, okuzokwenza kube lula ukushintshela ku-OS entsha. Njengeseva ilungele ukuxazulula cishe zonke izinkinga engidinga ukuzixazulula. Wonke umuntu ngaphandle kukaZimbra.
Alto - isistimu ehloniphekile. Mhlawumbe cishe yonke into engiyidingayo. Izinzile. Ideskithophu yendawo yokusebenza izoba engavamile kakhulu kubasebenzisi. Njengeseva ilungele ukuxazulula cishe zonke izinkinga engidinga ukuzixazulula. Wonke umuntu ngaphandle kukaZimbra.
Kodwa kukhona eyodwa enkulu KODWA. Intengo yosekelo lobuchwepheshe. Ilayisense yaphakade ibiza ngaphansi izikhathi ezi-1.5 kunosekelo lobuchwepheshe ngonyaka. Ama-ruble angu-24 ngonyaka... Uma kungenjalo ngentengo yokukhishwa...
In Bala i-Linux Ngingathumela cishe yonke into engithakaselayo, kodwa ukuntuleka kokusekelwa yinto enjalo. Yebo, kumahhala. Kodwa uma kwenzeka okuthile, amakhanda ama-admins azogingqa.
I-ROSA Linux - ukusebenza. Ingasebenzisa zonke izinsiza engizidingayo, kuhlanganise neZimbra. Ngokombono we-OS yomsebenzisi, inkinga ikunguqulo yakudala ye-LibreOffice.
RED OS - kunalokho yebo kunokuba cha. Ngaphezu kweseva yemeyili nohlelo lokusekelayo. Njengomsebenzisi we-OS - mhlawumbe akunjalo, ngenxa nje yehhovisi eliphelelwe yisikhathi. Kodwa intengo yamakhithi okusabalalisa iphakeme kunaleyo yabaqhudelana nabo... Kodwa lesi sigqoko ESIBOMVU... kodwa... kodwa...
I-AlterOS - awukwazi ukusebenzisa i-Zabbix noma iseva ye-Jabber kuyo. Uma kungenjalo, isistimu ehloniphekile. Njenge-OS yeklayenti, inkinga iku-suite yehhovisi eliphelelwe yisikhathi, uma kungenjalo kulokhu, kungaba yisixazululo esihle impela.
I-WTware kumakhasimende amancane kufanelekile. Kodwa lena akuyona i-OS, ngakho-ke cishe ngeke ukwazi ukuyibala "ngezingcezu". Okusho ukuthi, esimweni sami, lapho kunama-PC amaklayenti angu-1500, ngeke kwenzeke ukubika ngokushintshwa kokungenisa ngokuthi sidlulisele bonke abasebenzi be-1.5k kumakhasimende amancane futhi sinenye iseva ye-300 windows, ngoba lawa ma-1.5k hhayi ama-OS...
Ulyanovsk.BSD - Cha. Ngoba iphakamisa ukukhathazeka ngenxa yokuthi cishe izosuswa kurejista yoMnyango Wezocingo Nezokuxhumana. Yize iFreeBSD ingumkhiqizo omuhle futhi ofakazelwe, lo mkhiqizo...
I-eksisi - kuze kube yilapho kuxazululwa inkinga yokusebenza kwenkampani yokuthuthukisa nokusekelwa - akunjalo. Uma isinqumo sihle ... cishe akunjalo ... Nakuba ngijwayele i-CentOS, namanje akunjalo.
QP OS - nakanjani futhi akunjalo. Ngochwepheshe abanjalo nesimo sengqondo esinjalo ... Lona umbono wami wokuzithoba, kodwa ngeke ushintshe.
I-Alpha OS. Okubhalwe ngaye kuyi-Internet nokuboniswa kuvidiyo kuzwakala kulinga. Ukube lolu hlelo belukhona empilweni yangempela...
OS LOTUS. Thenga okuthile ngaphandle kokukuhlola? Cha ngiyabonga. Uma ungenayo intshisekelo yokuhlola, ngakho-ke anginantshisekelo yokuthenga isofthiwe yakho ngenxa yokuhlola.
I-HaloOS ngezizathu ezisobala, cha noma, ngoba anginawo nomncane umqondo wokuthi iyini noma idliwa ngani.
3. Umphumela
Okokuthunyelwa I-Zimbra Collaboration Suite OSE Ngizodinga okungenani ikhophi eyodwa Iseva ye-ROSA Enterprise Linux, noma okungcono 2 - ngokusetha ummeleli.
Ukuthuthukisa zonke ezinye izinsiza, kunengqondo ukusebenzisa I-Astra Common Edition noma RED OS, njengoba esikhathini esizayo intengo yalezi zinhlelo izoba yinzuzo kakhulu ngenxa yokusekelwa okushibhile. Kodwa ngokwami, ngithanda i-Astra kakhulu.
Amanye amasevisi angabalulekile angasatshalaliswa ngokwesisekelo Bala i-Linux, ngakho kumahhala. Kodwa ngenxa yokuntuleka kokusekelwa, lezi kufanele kube izinsizakalo isikhathi sokuphumula esingabalulekile ku-Enterprise, njengoba abaphathi besistimu bebhekene ngqo nokusebenza kwabo.
I-Custom OS - ngisancamela okufanayo Astra CE. Ine-office suite yakamuva, i-GUI esebenziseka kalula, uhlelo lungenza konke ongase ukudinge kulo. Yebo, ishibhile kunezimbangi zayo.
Uma kunesidingo sokuthumela iseva yohla lwemibhalo nezinye izinsiza zengqalasizinda, kunengqondo ukubheka i-OS yomndeni ofanayo ezosetshenziswa kubasebenzisi, okungenani ngokubuka kokuhambisana. Endabeni yami, uma ngisadinga ukwenza lokhu, cishe kuzoba njalo Astra CE.
4. PS:
Angikaze ngibhekane namaphakheji e-CAD okwamanje. Futhi angazi noma kufanelekile ukuqala, ngoba ngithole isofthiwe yamahhala "yasekhaya" kulesi sigaba kuphela kumaphakheji we-ROSA. Kodwa kunenkinga enkulu ngamalayisense, ngoba uma kunephutha elithile ekubalweni, ngenxa yokuthi umkhiqizo obizayo webhizinisi uzobe ungasebenzi, umthwalo wemfanelo uzothwalwa ngunjiniyela owasungula, hhayi umkhiqizi wesofthiwe. kuzodingeka aqinisekise ukusebenza okungenamaphutha kwezinhlelo zakhe... Lolu daba luyinkimbinkimbi, futhi cishe luzoxazululwa yiqiniso lokuthi ama-PC asebenzisa iWindows azohlala eminyangweni yokuthuthukiswa, noma konke lokhu kuzokwenziwa kabusha ngandlela thile futhi konke. izibalo zizoqondiswa kabusha esikhungweni sedatha. Angikacabangi ngalokhu okwamanje.
4.1. I-PS2."Kusuka kumbhali«
a) Ngizamile. Ingabe kuliqiniso. Kodwa ngikuqonda kahle ukuthi kungenzeka ngimosheke ndawana thize. Sicela, ngaphambi kokuchofa inkinobho ethi "karma ephansi", bhala kumazwana ukuthi yini engalungile, futhi ngizozama ukulungisa yonke into uma kufanelekile futhi inhloso.
b) Ngiyaqonda ukuthi ukwaziswa okukulesi sihloko akwethulwanga ngendlela engingathanda ngayo. Kukhona ukudideka nokuchema lapha, mina ngokwami engikubheka njengokungalungile ngokuphelele. Kodwa ngenxa yeqiniso lokuthi mningi umsebenzi osuwenziwe, ngigodla ilungelo lokwethula konke lokhu ngendlela okuso ngayo.
Source: www.habr.com