I-in-memory Architecture yezinsizakalo zewebhu: izisekelo nezimiso zobuchwepheshe

I-In-Memory isethi yemiqondo yokugcina idatha uma igcinwe ku-RAM yohlelo lokusebenza, futhi idiski isetshenziselwa ukwenza isipele. Ngezindlela zakudala, idatha igcinwa kudiski futhi inkumbulo igcinwa kunqolobane. Isibonelo, uhlelo lokusebenza lwewebhu olune-backend yokucubungula idatha luyicela endaweni yokugcina: iyayithola, iyiguqule, futhi idatha eningi idluliswa ngenethiwekhi. Ku-In-Memory, izibalo zithunyelwa kudatha - kwisitoreji, lapho zicutshungulwa khona futhi inethiwekhi ilayishwa kancane.

Ngenxa yokwakheka kwayo, i-In-Memory isheshisa ukufinyelela kwedatha izikhathi ezimbalwa, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nama-oda obukhulu, ngokushesha. Isibonelo, abahlaziyi bebhange bafuna ukubona kuhlelo lokusebenza lokuhlaziya umbiko mayelana nemalimboleko ekhishiwe ku-dynamics ngosuku ngonyaka odlule. Le nqubo izothatha amaminithi ku-DBMS yakudala, kodwa nge-In-Memory izovela cishe ngokushesha. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi le ndlela ikuvumela ukuthi ugcine imininingwane eminingi futhi igcinwa ku-RAM "eseduze". Uhlelo lokusebenza aludingi ukucela idatha ku-hard drive, ukutholakala kwayo kunqunyelwe inethiwekhi nesivinini sediski.

Yimaphi amanye amathuba atholakalayo nge-In-Memory futhi hlobo luni lwendlela le? UVladimir Pligin - unjiniyela eGridGain. Lokhu kubuyekezwa kuzoba usizo kubathuthukisi bewebhu be-backend abangazange basebenze ne-In-Memory futhi abafuna ukuzama, noma abanentshisekelo kumathrendi esimanje ekuthuthukisweni kwesofthiwe nokuklama kwezakhiwo.

Ukubhala. I-athikili isuselwe ekubhalweni kombiko kaVladimir ku-#GetIT Conf. Ngaphambi kokwethulwa kokuzihlukanisa, sasivame ukubamba imihlangano nezinkomfa zabathuthukisi eMoscow naseSt. Akunakwenzeka ukubamba ingqungquthela manje, kodwa yisikhathi sokwabelana ngezinto eziwusizo ezivela kwedlule.

Ubani osebenzisa i-In-Memory nokuthi kanjani

I-In-Memory isetshenziswa kakhulu lapho ukuxhumana komsebenzisi okusheshayo noma ukucutshungulwa kwenani elikhulu ledatha kuyadingeka.

• Amabhange sebenzisa i-In-Memory, isibonelo, ukunciphisa ukubambezeleka lapho amaklayenti esebenzisa izicelo noma ukuhlaziya iklayenti ngaphambi kokukhipha imalimboleko.
• I-Fintech isebenzisa i-In-Memory ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwezinsizakalo nezicelo zamabhange akhipha ukucubungula nokuhlaziya idatha. 
• Izinkampani zomshwalense: ukubala ubungozi, isibonelo, ngokuhlaziya idatha yekhasimende eminyakeni embalwa.
• Izinkampani Logistics. Bacubungula idatha eningi, ngokwesibonelo, ukubala imizila efanele yezimpahla zokuthutha kanye nabagibeli ngezinkulungwane zamapharamitha, futhi balandelele isimo sokuthunyelwa.
• Ukudayisa. Izixazululo ze-In-Memory zisiza ukusebenzela amakhasimende ngokushesha futhi zicubungule imiqulu emikhulu yolwazi: ukuthunyelwa, ama-invoyisi, ukuthengiselana, ukuba khona kwezinkulungwane zezimpahla ezindaweni zokugcina izimpahla, nokulungiselela imibiko yokuhlaziya.
• В IoT I-In-Memory ingena esikhundleni sesizindalwazi esivamile.
• Ezemithi izinkampani zisebenzisa i-In-Memory, ngokwesibonelo, ukuze zihlunge ngezinhlanganisela zokwakheka kwezidakamizwa. 

Ngizokutshela izibonelo ezimbalwa zendlela amakhasimende ethu asebenzisa ngayo izixazululo ze-In-Memory nokuthi ungazisebenzisa kanjani ngokwakho.

I-In-Memory njengesitoreji esiyinhloko

Elinye lamakhasimende ethu liwumhlinzeki omkhulu wemishini yesayensi yezokwelapha evela e-USA. Basebenzisa isixazululo se-In-Memory njengokugcina idatha yabo eyinhloko. Yonke idatha igcinwa kudiski, futhi isethi encane yedatha esetshenziswa ngokuqhubekayo igcinwa ku-RAM. Izindlela zokufinyelela kwisitoreji zijwayelekile - i-GDBC (Isixhumi Sedatha Ejwayelekile) kanye nolimi lombuzo lwe-SQL.

Sekukonke lokhu kubizwa nge-In-Memory Database (IMDB) noma i-Memory-Centric Storage. Lesi sigaba sezixazululo sinamagama amaningi, akuwona wodwa lawa. 

Izici ze-IMDB:

• Idatha egcinwe ku-In-Memory futhi ifinyelelwe nge-SQL iyafana nakwezinye izindlela. Ziyavumelaniswa, kuphela indlela yokwethula, indlela yokukhuluma nazo ihlukile. Ukuthenga kusebenza phakathi kwedatha.

• I-IMDB ishesha kunesizindalwazi esihlobene ngoba iyashesha ukubuyisa ulwazi ku-RAM kunakudiski. 
• Ama-algorithms wokuthuthukisa wangaphakathi anemiyalelo embalwa.
• Ama-IMDB afanele ukuphatha idatha, imicimbi kanye nokuthengiselana ezinhlelweni zokusebenza.

Ama-IMDB asekela ngokwengxenye i-ACID: I-Atomicity, Consistency, kanye ne-Isolation. Kodwa azisekeli "ukuqina" - lapho amandla ecishiwe, yonke idatha iyalahleka. Ukuze uxazulule inkinga, ungasebenzisa izifinyezo - "isifinyezo" sesizindalwazi, esifana nesipele sedatha ku-hard drive, noma ukurekhoda ukuthengiselana (amalogi) ukuze ubuyisele idatha ngemva kokuqalisa kabusha.

Ukwakha izinhlelo zokusebenza ezibekezelela amaphutha

Ake sicabange ngesakhiwo sakudala sohlelo lokusebenza lwewebhu olubekezelela amaphutha. Isebenza kanje: zonke izicelo zisakazwa yi-balancer yewebhu phakathi kwamaseva. Lolu hlelo luzinzile ngoba amaseva ayaphinda futhi enze ikhophi yasenqolobaneni uma kwenzeka kuba nezigameko.

I-balancer iqondisa zonke izicelo kusukela kuseshini eyodwa kuya kuseva eyodwa. Lena indlela yesikhathi sokunamathela: iseshini ngayinye ihlotshaniswa neseva lapho igcinwa khona futhi icutshungulwe endaweni. 

Kwenzekani uma enye yeziphakeli ihluleka?

Isevisi ngeke ithinteke ngoba isakhiwo siyimpinda. Kodwa sizolahlekelwa isethi engaphansi yamaseshini eseva efile. Futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, abasebenzisi ababoshelwe kulezi zikhathi. Isibonelo, iklayenti lifaka i-oda bese livele limkhiphe ehhovisi. Uzobe engajabule uma ephinda engena futhi athole ukuthi kuzomele kwenziwe konke futhi.

Isicelo sewebhu siyadingeka ukusekela inani elikhulu labasebenzisi futhi singanensisi ukuze bakwazi ukusebenza ngokunethezeka. Kodwa uma yenqatshwa, ngesicelo ngasinye esilandelayo isikhathi esisithathayo sokuxhumana nesitolo seseshini sizokhula. Lokhu kwandisa ukubambezeleka okumaphakathi kwabanye abasebenzisi. Kodwa abafuni ukulinda isikhathi eside kunalokho ababekujwayele.

Le nkinga ingaxazululwa njengelinye iklayenti lethu, umhlinzeki omkhulu we-PASS ovela e-USA. Isebenzisa i-In-Memory ukuhlanganisa izikhathi zewebhu. Ukwenza lokhu, ayizigcini endaweni, kodwa phakathi nendawo - ku-In-Memory cluster. Kulokhu, amaseshini atholakala ngokushesha kakhulu ngoba asevele aku-RAM.

Uma iseva iphahlazeka, ibhalansi ithumela izicelo ezisuka kuseva ephahlazekile kwamanye amaseva, njengakwizakhiwo zasendulo. Kodwa kunomehluko obalulekile: izikhathi zigcinwa ku-In-Memory cluster futhi amaseva ayakwazi ukufinyelela izikhathi zeseva ewile.

Lesi sakhiwo kwandisa ukubekezelelana kwamaphutha kulo lonke uhlelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenzeka ukushiya ngokuphelele indlela yeseshini yenduku.

I-Hybrid Transactional Analytical Processing (HTAP)

Ngokuvamile, amasistimu okwenziwayo nawokuhlaziya agcinwa ehlukene. Lapho behlukana, isisekelo esiyinhloko sifika ngaphansi komthwalo. Ukuze kucutshungulwe ukuhlaziya, idatha ikopishelwa kusifaniso ukuze ukucubungula kokuhlaziya kungaphazamisi izinqubo zomsebenzi. Kodwa ukukopisha kwenzeka nge-lag-akunakwenzeka ukuphindaphinda ngaphandle kwe-lag. Uma senza lokhu ngokuvumelanisa, kuzonciphisa isisekelo esiyinhloko futhi ngeke sithole noma yikuphi ukuwina.

Ku-HTAP, yonke into isebenza ngendlela ehlukile - isitolo sedatha esifanayo sisetshenziselwa ukulayisha okuvela kuzinhlelo zokusebenza, kanye nemibuzo yokuhlaziya engathatha isikhathi eside ukuqedwa. Uma idatha iku-RAM, imibuzo yokuhlaziya ibulawa ngokushesha, futhi iseva enesizindalwazi ilayishwa kancane (ngokwesilinganiso).

Indlela exubile idiliza udonga phakathi kokucubungula okwenziwayo kanye nezibalo. Uma senza izibalo kusitoreji esifanayo, imibuzo yokuhlaziya yethulwa kudatha evela ku-RAM. Zinembe kakhulu, ziyatolika futhi zanele.

Ukuhlanganiswa kwezixazululo ze-In-Memory

A (ngokuqhathaniswa) indlela elula - thuthukisa yonke into kusukela ekuqaleni. Sigcina idatha kudiski futhi sigcine idatha eshisayo kumemori. Lokhu kusiza ukusinda ekuqaliseni kabusha kweseva noma ukucisha.

Kunezimo ezimbili eziyinhloko emsebenzini lapha lapho idatha igcinwa kudiski. Kowokuqala, sifuna ukusinda ezingozini noma ukuqalisa kabusha okujwayelekile kweqoqo noma izingxenye - sifuna ukukusebenzisa njengesizindalwazi esilula. Esimeni sesibili, uma kunedatha eningi kakhulu, enye isenkumbulweni.

Uma kungenakwenzeka ukwakha yonke into kusukela ekuqaleni, kungenzeka ukuhlanganisa i-In-Memory ibe yinguqulo izakhiwo ezikhona. Kodwa akuzona zonke izixazululo ze-In-Memory ezifanele lokhu. Kunemibandela emithathu eyisibopho. Isixazululo se-In-Memory kumele sisekele:

• indlela ejwayelekile yokuxhuma kusizindalwazi esizotholakala ngaphansi kwayo (isibonelo, i-MySQL);
• ulimi olujwayelekile lokubuza, ukuze ungabhali kabusha futhi uguqule umqondo wokusebenzelana nesitoreji;
• okwenziwayo - gcina i-semantics yokusebenzisana.

Uma zonke lezi zimo ezintathu zifinyelelwa, khona-ke ukuhlanganiswa kungenzeka. Sibeka i-In-Memory Data Grid phakathi kohlelo lokusebenza kanye nesizindalwazi. Izicelo zokubhala manje zizodluliselwa kusizindalwazi esiyisisekelo, futhi izicelo ezifundwayo zizodluliselwa kusizindalwazi esiyisisekelo uma idatha ingekho kunqolobane.

Uma ukufinyelela okusheshayo kudatha nokucutshungulwa kwayo kubalulekile kuwe, isibonelo, ukuhlaziya ibhizinisi, ungacabanga ngokusebenzisa i-In-Memory. Futhi ukuze uqalise, ungasebenzisa zombili izindlela lapho uklama i-architecture entsha.

Source: www.habr.com