Ngo-2014, isikole sasemaphandleni emaphethelweni eCampo Mayor eBrazil sasixhunywe ku-inthanethi. Umcimbi ojwayelekile, uma kungewona "kodwa" oyedwa. Uxhumano lwenziwe ngebhaluni le-stratospheric. Lo mcimbi ube yimpumelelo yokuqala yalo msebenzi wokuvelela , inkampani ephethwe yi-Alphabet. Futhi kakade eminyakeni engu-5 kamuva, ohulumeni bamazwe athinteke yisiphepho esinamandla nokuzamazama komhlaba baphendukela eLoon ngesicelo esisemthethweni sosizo ekuhlinzekeni ukuxhumana kwe-intanethi. I-Cloud4Y ichaza ukuthi ukuxhumana kwamafu kwe-Google kube ngokoqobo kanjani.
I-Project Loon iyathakazelisa ngoba ihlongoza ukuxazulula inkinga yokuxhumana nge-inthanethi ezifundeni okuthi, ngasizathu simbe, zinqanyulwe empucukweni nasohlelweni lwezomnotho lomhlaba wonke. Lokhu akuwona umphumela wenhlekelele yemvelo. Inkinga ingase ibe ukude kwezwe noma indawo engalungile yesifunda. Noma ngabe kunjalo, uma umuntu ene-smartphone, uzokwazi ukuxhuma ku-inthanethi ngenxa yamabhaluni aklanywe nguLoon.
Izinga lokuxhumana nalo lisezingeni. NgoFebhuwari 2016, i-Google yamemezela ukuthi isizuze ukuxhumana kwe-laser okuzinzile phakathi kwamabhaluni amabili ebangeni elingamamayela angu-62 (100 km). Ukuxhumeka bekuzinzile amahora amaningi, imini nobusuku, futhi isivinini sokudlulisa idatha se-155 Mbps sarekhodwa.
Kanjani lo msebenzi
Umqondo ungase ubonakale ulula. U-Loon wathatha izingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu zombhoshongo weselula futhi wawenza kabusha ukuze akwazi ukuthuthwa ngebhaluni lomoya oshisayo endaweni engama-20 km. Lokhu kuphakeme kakhulu kunezindiza, izilwane zasendle nezehlakalo zesimo sezulu. Okusho ukuthi iphephe kakhudlwana. Amabhaluni ama-loon akwazi ukumelana nezimo ezinzima e-stratosphere, lapho isivinini somoya singafinyelela ku-100 km/h futhi amazinga okushisa ehle aze afike ku--90 °C.
Ibhola ngalinye linekhepisi elikhethekile - imojuli elawula uhlelo lweLoon. Zonke izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezisebholeni zisebenza emithonjeni yamandla avuselelekayo. Amaphaneli elanga anika amandla isistimu emini futhi ashaje ibhethri elakhelwe ngaphakathi ukuze lisebenze ebusuku. Ama-antenna amabhaluni e-loon ahlinzeka ngoxhumano eziteshini ezingaphansi ngohleloxhumano olunabile lwe-mesh, okuvumela abanikazi bamadivayisi eselula ukuthi babe ku-inthanethi ngaphandle kwesidingo sanoma yiziphi izisetshenziswa ezengeziwe. Uma kwenzeka ingozi nokubhujiswa kwesilinda, imodyuli ye-hardware enesisindo esingu-15 kg yehliswa kusetshenziswa i-parachute ephuthumayo.
Ukuphakama kokundiza kwebhaluni kungashintshwa ngokusebenzisa ibhaluni elingumsizi eligcwele i-helium ukusuka kubhaluni elikhulu ukuze lithole ukuphakama. Futhi ukuze kwehle kusilinda, i-helium iphonswa ibuyele kweyinhloko. Ukuqondisa kuphumelela kangangokuthi ngo-2015 iLoon yakwazi ukundiza amakhilomitha angu-10, yafika endaweni efiselekayo ngokunemba kwamamitha angu-000.
Ibhaluni ngalinye, elilingana nenkundla yethenisi, lenziwe ngepulasitiki ethembeke kakhulu evumelana nezimo futhi iklanyelwe ukuhlala izinsuku eziyi-150 zendiza. Lokhu kuqina kuwumphumela wokuhlolwa okubanzi kwezinto zokwakha ibhaluni (igobolondo lebhola). Le nto kufanele ivimbele i-helium ukuthi ingavuzi futhi ilimaze isilinda emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Ku-stratosphere, lapho kwethulwa khona amabhaluni, ipulasitiki evamile iba brittle futhi yonakale kalula. Ngisho nembobo encane engu-2 mm inganciphisa impilo yebhola ngamaviki ambalwa. Futhi ukucinga imbobo engu-2mm ebholeni enendawo engu-600 sq.m. - lokho kuseyinjabulo.
Ngenkathi kuhlolwa lezi zinsiza, kwafika komunye wabaholi bomsebenzi ukuthi abakhiqizi bamakhondomu babenezinkinga ezifanayo. Kule mboni, ukuvuleka okungahleliwe nakho akufuneki. Lisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe balo, ithimba le-Loon lenze izivivinyo ezimbalwa ezithile ezibavumela ukuba bakhe izinto ezintsha futhi bashintshe ukwakheka kwamabhaluni, okubangele ukwanda kwempilo yebhaluni. Kuleli hlobo sakwazi ukufinyelela “ibanga elingamakhilomitha” lezinsuku ezingama-223!
Ithimba leLoon ligcizelela ikakhulukazi ukuthi alidalanga nje elinye ibhaluni, kodwa idivayisi "ehlakaniphile". Ethulwe endaweni ekhethekile yokwethulwa, amabhaluni eLoon angandizela kunoma yiliphi izwe emhlabeni. Ama-algorithms omshini abikezela amaphethini omoya futhi anqume ukuthi ibhola aliyisa phezulu noma phansi kungqimba lomoya ovunguza uye lapho oyifunayo. Uhlelo lokuzulazula lusebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo, futhi opharetha babantu balawula ukunyakaza kwebhola futhi bangangenela uma kunesidingo.
I-Loon ivumela opharetha beselula ukuthi banwebe ukusabalala lapho kudingeka khona. Iqembu lamabhaluni e-Loon lakha inethiwekhi ehlinzeka ngoxhumano kubantu endaweni ethile ngendlela efanayo neqembu lemibhoshongo ephansi elakha inethiwekhi ephansi. Umehluko kuphela ukuthi "imibhoshongo" yomoya ihlala inyakaza. Inethiwekhi edalwe amabhaluni iyakwazi ukusebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo, iqondise kahle ukuxhumana phakathi kwamabhaluni neziteshi ezingaphansi, kucatshangelwa ukunyakaza kwamabhaluni, izithiyo nezimo zezulu.
Ake asetshenziswa kuphi amabhola eLoon ngaphambilini?
“Yonke into inhle ngokwembono, kodwa kuthiwani ngokusebenza?” uyabuza. Kukhona futhi umkhuba. Ngo-2017, yasebenza ne-Federal Communications Commission, i-Federal Aviation Administration, i-FEMA, i-AT&T, i-T-Mobile nezinye ukunikeza ukuxhumana okuyisisekelo kubantu abangu-200 ePuerto Rico kulandela ukucekelwa phansi okubangelwa iSiphepho uMaria. Amabhaluni ethulwa eNevada futhi afika ngokushesha ePuerto Rico. Ngenxa yalokhu, sikwazile ukuhlola ezinye izixazululo, sabona amaphutha, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo sabonisa ukusebenza kombono.
Ngemva kwesikhashana, inhlekelele yemvelo ePeru yadala umonakalo omkhulu engqalasizinda. Ngokushesha nje lapho kuba nezikhukhula enyakatho yePeru, ithimba leLoon lathumela amabhaluni alo endaweni ethintekile. Phakathi nezinyanga ezintathu, abasebenzisi bathumele futhi bathola u-160 GB wedatha, okulingana nama-SMS acishe abe yizigidi ezingu-30 noma ama-imeyili ayizigidi ezimbili. Indawo yokumboza yayiyinkulungwane ezingama-40 sq. km.
Ekupheleni kukaMeyi 2019, ukuzamazama komhlaba okubhubhisayo okunobukhulu obungu-8,0 kwenzeka futhi ePeru. Kwezinye izifunda, i-inthanethi yavalwa ngokuphelele, kuyilapho izinkulungwane zabantu zidinga ukuthola ngesimo sabathandekayo babo. Ukuze kusungulwe ukuxhumana, uhulumeni wezwe kanye nomsebenzisi wezokuxhumana wendawo u-Tefónica waphendukela kwa-Loon ukuze asabalalise i-inthanethi esebenzisa amabhaluni ayo. I-inthanethi yalungiswa phakathi namahora angu-48.
Ukundindizela kokuqala kwenzeke ngeSonto ekuseni, futhi ngemva kokuthola isicelo sosizo, uLoon ngokushesha waqondisa kabusha amabhaluni akhe esuka ePuerto Rico aya ePeru. Ukuzinyakazisa, njengenjwayelo, kwasetshenziswa amandla omoya. Amabhaluni abamba amaza omoya lapho ayedinga ukuya khona. Kuthathe amathuluzi izinsuku ezimbili ukumboza amakhilomitha angaphezu kuka-3000.
Amabhaluni ama-loon asabalale kuyo yonke inyakatho yePeru, ngalinye linikeza i-inthanethi ye-4G endaweni engamakhilomitha-skwele angu-5000. Kwakunebhaluni elilodwa kuphela elalixhunywe esiteshini esingaphansi, elalixhumanisa futhi lidlulisele amasignali kwezinye izinto. Ngaphambilini, inkampani yayibonise kuphela ikhono lokudlulisa amasignali phakathi kwamabhaluni ayisikhombisa, kodwa kulokhu inani lawo lafinyelela eshumini.
Indawo ye-Loon Balloons ePeru
Le nkampani yakwazi ukunikeza izakhamuzi zasePeru isethi yokuxhumana eyisisekelo: i-SMS, i-imeyili kanye nokufinyelela kwe-inthanethi ngesivinini esincane. Ezinsukwini ezimbili zokuqala, abantu abangaba ngu-20 basebenzisa i-inthanethi kumabhaluni eLoon.
Ngenxa yalokho, ngoNovemba 20, 2019, uLoon wasayina isivumelwano sezentengiselwano sokuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezingxenyeni zehlathi lemvula lase-Amazon ePeru, evumelana (IpT), osebenza ngomakhalekhukhwini ezindaweni zasemakhaya. Kulokhu, amabhaluni e-Loon azosetshenziswa njengesixazululo saphakade soxhumo lwe-inthanethi esikhundleni sokulungiswa kwesikhashana ngemva kwenhlekelele yemvelo. NGE
Isivumelwano phakathi kwe-IpT ne-Loon sisadinga ukugunyazwa uMnyango Wezokuthutha Nokuxhumana wasePeruvia. Uma konke kuhamba kahle, i-Loon ne-IpT banethemba lokuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ze-inthanethi zamaselula kusukela ngo-2020. Lolu hlelo luzogxila esifundeni sase-Peru sase-Loreto, esakha cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yezwe futhi siyikhaya labantu abaningi bomdabu. I-Loon izoqale ihlanganise amaphesenti angu-15 e-Loreto, okungenzeka ifinyelele abahlali abacishe babe ngu-200. Kepha inkampani isivele imemezele inhloso yayo yokuxhuma abantu abayizigidi eziyisi-000 emaphandleni asePeru ngo-6.
Ukusetshenziswa ngempumelelo kwamabhaluni omoya oshisayo ePeru isikhathi eside kungavula iminyango kwamanye amazwe. Okwamanje, inkampani isayine inkontileka yokuqala eKenya neTelkom Kenya futhi manje ilinde ukugunyazwa kokugcina ukuze iqale ukuvivinywa kwayo okokuqala ngqa kwezohwebo kuleli.
I-nuance encaneKufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi akuyona yonke into emnandi ngobuchwepheshe. Nalu uhlu lwezigameko ezibandakanya amabhola eLoon:
- NgoMeyi 29, 2014, ibhaluni leLoon laphahlazeka ezintanjeni zikagesi eWashington, eU.SA.
- NgoJuni 20, 2014, izikhulu zaseNew Zealand zabiza abezimo eziphuthumayo ngemva kokubona kuphahlazeka kwebhaluni.
- NgoNovemba 2014, umlimi waseNingizimu Afrika wathola ibhaluni lomoya oshisayo elaphahlazeka ogwadule lwaseKaroo phakathi kweStrydenburgh neBritstown.
- Ngo-April 23, 2015, ibhaluni lomoya oshisayo laphahlazeka ensimini eduze kwaseBragg, eMissouri.
- NgoSepthemba 12, 2015, ibhaluni lomoya oshisayo laphahlazeka otshanini obungaphambili bekhaya e-Rancho Hills, eCalifornia.
- NgoFebhuwari 17, 2016, ibhaluni lomoya oshisayo laphahlazeka ngenkathi lihlolwa endaweni yetiye eGampola, eSri Lanka.
- Ngo-April 7, 2016, ibhaluni lomoya oshisayo lahlala lingahleliwe epulazini laseDundee, KwaZulu-Natal, eNingizimu Afrika.
- Ngo-April 22, 2016, ibhaluni lomoya oshisayo laphahlazeka esigangeni somnyango wase-Xiembuco, eParaguay.
- Ngo-August 22, 2016, ibhaluni lahlala epulazini laseFormosa, e-Argentina, eliqhele ngamakhilomitha angaba ngu-40. entshonalanga yenhloko-dolobha.
- Ngo-August 26, 2016, ibhaluni lahlala enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeMadison, eNingizimu Dakota.
- NgoJanuwari 9, 2017, ibhaluni lomoya oshisayo laphahlazeka eSeyik, eduze kwaseChanguinola, eSifundazweni saseBocas del Toro, ePanama.
- NgoJanuwari 8, 2017 nangoJanuwari 10, 2017, amabhaluni amabili eLoon ahlala endaweni eyi-10 km empumalanga yeCerro Chato kanye ne-40 km enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeMariscala, e-Uruguay.
- Ngo-February 17, 2017, ibhaluni ye-Loon yaphahlazeka e-Buriti dos Montes, e-Brazil.
- NgoMashi 14, 2017, ibhaluni le-Loon laphahlazeka e-San Luis, e-Tolima, e-Colombia.
- Ngo-March 19, 2017, ibhaluni lomoya oshisayo laphahlazeka e-Tacuarembo, e-Uruguay.
- Ngomhla ziyisi-9 Agasti 2017, ibhaluni lomoya oshisayo laphahlazeka esihlokweni somhlanga e-Olmos, Lambayeque, Peru.
- Ngomhla zingama-30 kuZibandlela wezi-2017, ibhaluni lomoya oshisayo laphahlazeka eNtambiro, e-Igembe Central, esifundeni saseMeru, eKenya.
Ngakho zikhona izingozi nakanjani. Nokho, kusenezinzuzo ezengeziwe ezivela kumabhaluni eLoon.
UPD: ungabona indawo yamabhaluni (sesha eNingizimu Melika). Ngiyabonga ukuze kucaciswe
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Bhalisela yethu -isiteshi ukuze ungaphuthelwa yisihloko esilandelayo! Asibhali ngaphezu kokuphindwe kabili ngesonto futhi ngebhizinisi kuphela. Futhi sikukhumbuza ukuthi umhlinzeki wamafu webhizinisi i-Cloud4Y wethule iphromoshini ye-“FZ-152 Cloud ngentengo evamile”. Ungafaka isicelo manje .
Source: www.habr.com