Ukuxazulula izinkinga zokuqalisa uhlelo lokusebenza kumaseva ngaphandle kwe-KVM akuwona umsebenzi olula. Sizidalela i-KVM-over-IP ngesithombe sokubuyisela kanye nomshini obonakalayo.
Uma kunezinkinga ngesistimu yokusebenza
I-KVM ekude
Ungafinyelela ikhonsoli yeseva usebenzisa amathuluzi akhelwe ngaphakathi njenge-IPMI noma i-Intel® vPro™, noma ngamadivayisi angaphandle abizwa nge-IP-KVM. Kunezimo lapho bonke ubuchwepheshe obusohlwini bungekho. Nokho, lokhu akusona isiphetho. Uma iseva ingaqalwa kabusha ikude ibe isithombe sokutakula esisuselwe kusistimu yokusebenza ye-Linux, i-KVM-over-IP ingahlelwa ngokushesha.
Isithombe sokutholwa siyisistimu yokusebenza egcwele ngokugcwele etholakala ku-RAM. Ngakho, singasebenzisa noma iyiphi isofthiwe, kuhlanganise nemishini ebonakalayo (ama-VM). Okusho ukuthi, ungaqala i-VM lapho uhlelo lokusebenza lweseva luzosebenza khona. Ukufinyelela kukhonsoli ye-VM kungahlelwa, isibonelo, nge-VNC.
Ukuze usebenzise isistimu yokusebenza yeseva ngaphakathi kwe-VM, kufanele ucacise amadiski eseva njengamadiski e-VM. Ezinhlelweni zokusebenza zomndeni we-Linux, amadiski aphathekayo amelwe ngamadivaysi e-block efomu / dev / sdX, okungasetshenzwa ngawo njengamafayela avamile.
Amanye ama-hypervisors, afana ne-QEMU ne-VirtualBox, akuvumela ukuthi ugcine idatha ye-VM ngendlela “eluhlaza”, okungukuthi, idatha yokugcina kuphela ngaphandle kwemethadatha ye-hypervisor. Ngakho-ke, i-VM ingaqalwa kusetshenziswa amadiski aphathekayo eseva.
Le ndlela idinga izinsiza zokuqalisa isithombe sokutakula kanye ne-VM engaphakathi kuso. Nokho, uma unamagigabhayithi amane noma ngaphezulu e-RAM, lokhu ngeke kube yinkinga.
Ukulungisa Imvelo
Ungasebenzisa uhlelo olulula nolulula njengomshini obonakalayo
Into yokuqala okudingeka uyenze ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isithombe sokuthola kabusha sisebenzisa isofthiwe yakamuva. Ungahlola futhi ubuyekeze zonke izingxenye ze-OS ngomyalo olandelayo:
pacman -Suy
Ngemva kokubuyekeza, udinga ukufaka i-QEMU. Umyalo wokufaka nge-pacman uzobukeka kanje:
pacman -S qemu
Ake sihlole ukuthi i-qemu ifakwe kahle yini:
root@sel-rescue ~ # qemu-system-x86_64 --version
QEMU emulator version 4.0.0
Copyright (c) 2003-2019 Fabrice Bellard and the QEMU Project developers
Uma konke kunjalo, khona-ke isithombe sokutakula sesilungele ukuhamba.
Ukuqala umshini obonakalayo
Okokuqala, udinga ukunquma inani lezinsiza ezabelwe i-VM futhi uthole izindlela eziya kumadiski aphathekayo. Esimweni sethu, sizokwabela ama-cores amabili namagigabhayithi amabili e-RAM emshinini we-virtual, futhi amadiski atholakala endleleni. / dev / sda и / dev / sdb. Ake siqale i-VM:
qemu-system-x86_64
-m 2048M
-net nic -net user
-enable-kvm
-cpu host,nx
-M pc
-smp 2
-vga std
-drive file=/dev/sda,format=raw,index=0,media=disk
-drive file=/dev/sdb,format=raw,index=1,media=disk
-vnc :0,password
-monitor stdio
Imininingwane eyengeziwe mayelana nokuthi ipharamitha ngayinye isho ukuthini:
- -M2048M - yabela i-RAM engu-2 GB ku-VM;
- -net nic -net umsebenzisi - ukwengeza ukuxhumana okulula kunethiwekhi ngokusebenzisa i-hypervisor usebenzisa i-NAT (I-Network Address Translation);
- -vumela-kvm - vumela ukwenziwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo kwe-KVM (Kernel Virtual Machine);
- -umphathi we-cpu - sitshela iphrosesa ebonakalayo ukuthi ithole konke ukusebenza kwephrosesa yeseva;
- -M PC - uhlobo lwemishini ye-PC;
- -smp2 - iphrosesa ebonakalayo kufanele ibe yi-dual-core;
- -vga std — khetha ikhadi levidiyo elijwayelekile elingakusekeli izinqumo ezinkulu zesikrini;
- -drive file=/dev/sda,format=raw,index=0,media=disk
- ifayela=/dev/sdX — indlela eya ensizeni yokuvimba emele idiski yeseva;
- ifomethi=iluhlaza - siqaphela ukuthi efayeleni elishiwo yonke idatha ikwifomu "eluhlaza", okungukuthi, njengakudiski;
- inkomba = 0 - inombolo yediski, kufanele ikhule ngediski ngayinye elandelayo;
- imidiya=idiski — umshini we-virtual kufanele ubone lesi sitoreji njengediski;
- -vnc :0, iphasiwedi — qala iseva ye-VNC ngokuzenzakalelayo kokuthi 0.0.0.0:5900, sebenzisa igama-mfihlo njengesigunyazo;
- -qapha i-stdio — Ukuxhumana phakathi komlawuli kanye neqemu kuzokwenzeka ngokusebenzisa okokufaka okujwayelekile/imifudlana yokuphumayo.
Uma konke kuhamba ngohlelo, ukuqapha kwe-QEMU kuzoqala:
QEMU 4.0.0 monitor - type 'help' for more information
(qemu)
Sibonise ukuthi ukugunyazwa kwenzeka kusetshenziswa iphasiwedi, kodwa akuzange kubonise iphasiwedi ngokwayo. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokuthumela umyalo wokushintsha iphasiwedi ye-vnc kusiqaphi se-QEMU. Inothi elibalulekile: Iphasiwedi ayikwazi ukuba nezinhlamvu ezingaphezu kweziyisishiyagalombili.
(qemu) change vnc password
Password: ******
Ngemva kwalokhu, singakwazi ukuxhumana nanoma yiliphi iklayenti le-VNC, isibonelo, i-Remmina, sisebenzisa ikheli le-IP leseva yethu nephasiwedi esiyishilo.
Manje asiboni kuphela amaphutha angenzeka esigabeni sokulayisha, kodwa singakwazi futhi ukubhekana nawo.
Uma usuqedile, kufanele uvale umshini we-virtual. Lokhu kungenziwa ngaphakathi kwe-OS ngokuthumela isignali ukuvala shaqa, noma ngokunikeza umyalo system_powerdown kumonitha ye-QEMU. Lokhu kuzolingana nokucindezela inkinobho yokuvala kanye: isistimu yokusebenza ngaphakathi komshini we-virtual izovala shaqa kahle.
Ukufakwa kwesistimu yokusebenza
Umshini obonakalayo unokufinyelela okugcwele kumadiski eseva ngakho-ke ungasetshenziswa ukufaka isistimu yokusebenza. Okuwukuphela komkhawulo inani le-RAM: isithombe se-ISO asikwazi ukubekwa njalo ku-RAM. Ake sihlukanise amagigabhayithi amane e-RAM ukuze sigcine isithombe kuso / mnt:
mount -t tmpfs -o size=4G tmpfs /mnt
Sizophinde silande isithombe sokufaka sesistimu yokusebenza ye-FreeBSD 12.0:
wget -P /mnt ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/amd64/amd64/ISO-IMAGES/12.0/FreeBSD-12.0-RELEASE-amd64-bootonly.iso
Manje ungaqala i-VM:
qemu-system-x86_64
-m 2048M
-net nic -net user
-enable-kvm
-cpu host,nx
-M pc
-smp 2
-vga std
-drive file=/dev/sda,format=raw,index=0,media=disk
-drive file=/dev/sdb,format=raw,index=1,media=disk
-vnc :0,password
-monitor stdio
-cdrom /mnt/FreeBSD-12.0-RELEASE-amd64-bootonly.iso
-boot d
Maka umkhosi - ibhuthi d ifaka ukubhutha ku-CD drive. Sixhuma neklayenti le-VNC futhi sibone i-bootloader ye-FreeBSD.
Njengoba ukuthola ikheli nge-DHCP kwasetshenziselwa ukufinyelela i-inthanethi, ngemva kokuyilungisa kungase kudingeke ukuthi uqalise ohlelweni olusanda kufakwa futhi ulungise izilungiselelo zenethiwekhi. Kwezinye izimo, kungase kudingeke ukuthi kufakwe abashayeli be-adaptha yenethiwekhi, njengoba ikhadi lenethiwekhi elifakwe kuseva naleli elingiswe ku-VM lihlukile.
isiphetho
Le ndlela yokuhlela ukufinyelela okukude ku-console yeseva idla ezinye zezinsiza zeseva, noma kunjalo, ayifaki izidingo ezikhethekile ku-hardware yeseva, ngakho-ke ingasetshenziswa cishe kunoma yiziphi izimo. Ukusebenzisa lesi sixazululo kwenza kube lula kakhulu ukuhlonza amaphutha esofthiwe futhi ubuyisele ukusebenza kweseva ekude.
Source: www.habr.com