🥇IP-KVM nge-QEMU

Ukuxazulula izinkinga zokuqalisa uhlelo lokusebenza kumaseva ngaphandle kwe-KVM akuwona umsebenzi olula. Sizidalela i-KVM-over-IP ngesithombe sokubuyisela kanye nomshini obonakalayo.

Uma kunezinkinga ngesistimu yokusebenza kuseva ekude, umlawuli ulanda isithombe sokutakula futhi enze umsebenzi odingekayo. Le ndlela isebenza kahle uma imbangela yokwehluleka yaziwa, futhi isithombe sokubuyisela kanye nesistimu yokusebenza efakwe kuseva ivela emndenini ofanayo. Uma imbangela yokwehluleka ingakaziwa, udinga ukuqapha inqubekelaphambili yokulayisha uhlelo lokusebenza.

I-KVM ekude

Ungafinyelela ikhonsoli yeseva usebenzisa amathuluzi akhelwe ngaphakathi njenge-IPMI noma i-Intel® vPro™, noma usebenzisa amadivayisi angaphandle abizwa nge-IP-KVM. Kunezimo lapho bonke lobu buchwepheshe bungatholakali khona. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akusona ukuphela kwendaba. Uma iseva ingaqalwa kabusha ukude ibe isithombe sokutakula esisebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Windows, Linux, khona-ke ungahlela ngokushesha i-KVM-over-IP.

Isithombe sokutholwa siyisistimu yokusebenza egcwele ngokugcwele etholakala ku-RAM. Ngakho, singasebenzisa noma iyiphi isofthiwe, kuhlanganise nemishini ebonakalayo (ama-VM). Okusho ukuthi, ungaqala i-VM lapho uhlelo lokusebenza lweseva luzosebenza khona. Ukufinyelela kukhonsoli ye-VM kungahlelwa, isibonelo, nge-VNC.

Ukuze usebenzise uhlelo lokusebenza lweseva ngaphakathi kwe-VM, kufanele ucacise amadiski eseva njengamadiski e-VM. Ezinhlelweni zokusebenza zomndeni Linux amadiski angokoqobo amelwe njengamadivayisi ebhulokhi efomu / dev / sdX, okungasetshenzwa ngawo njengamafayela avamile.

Amanye ama-hypervisors, afana ne-QEMU ne-VirtualBox, akuvumela ukuthi ugcine idatha ye-VM ngendlela “eluhlaza”, okungukuthi, idatha yokugcina kuphela ngaphandle kwemethadatha ye-hypervisor. Ngakho-ke, i-VM ingaqalwa kusetshenziswa amadiski aphathekayo eseva.

Le ndlela idinga izinsiza zokuqalisa isithombe sokutakula kanye ne-VM engaphakathi kuso. Nokho, uma unamagigabhayithi amane noma ngaphezulu e-RAM, lokhu ngeke kube yinkinga.

Ukulungisa Imvelo

Ungasebenzisa uhlelo olulula nolulula njengomshini obonakalayo QEMU, ngokuvamile okungeyona ingxenye yesithombe sokuphinda futhi kufanele ifakwe ngokwehlukana. Isithombe sokutholwa esisinikeza amaklayenti sisekelwe kuso Arch Linux, esebenzisa umphathi wephakheji pacman.

Into yokuqala okudingeka uyenze ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isithombe sokuthola kabusha sisebenzisa isofthiwe yakamuva. Ungahlola futhi ubuyekeze zonke izingxenye ze-OS ngomyalo olandelayo:

pacman -Suy

Ngemva kokubuyekeza, udinga ukufaka i-QEMU. Umyalo wokufaka nge-pacman uzobukeka kanje:

pacman -S qemu

Ake sihlole ukuthi i-qemu ifakwe kahle yini:

Uma konke kunjalo, khona-ke isithombe sokutakula sesilungele ukuhamba.

Ukuqala umshini obonakalayo

Okokuqala, udinga ukunquma inani lezinsiza ezabelwe i-VM futhi uthole izindlela eziya kumadiski aphathekayo. Esimweni sethu, sizokwabela ama-cores amabili namagigabhayithi amabili e-RAM emshinini we-virtual, futhi amadiski atholakala endleleni. / dev / sda и / dev / sdb. Ake siqale i-VM:

qemu-system-x86_64 -m 2048M -net nic -net user -enable-kvm -cpu host,nx -M pc -smp 2 -vga std -drive file=/dev/sda,format=raw,index=0,media=disk -drive file=/dev/sdb,format=raw,index=1,media=disk -vnc :0,password -monitor stdio

Imininingwane eyengeziwe mayelana nokuthi ipharamitha ngayinye isho ukuthini:

-M2048M - yabela i-RAM engu-2 GB ku-VM;
-net nic -net umsebenzisi - ukwengeza ukuxhumana okulula kunethiwekhi ngokusebenzisa i-hypervisor usebenzisa i-NAT (I-Network Address Translation);
-vumela-kvm - vumela ukwenziwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo kwe-KVM (Kernel Virtual Machine);
-umphathi we-cpu - sitshela iphrosesa ebonakalayo ukuthi ithole konke ukusebenza kwephrosesa yeseva;
-M PC - uhlobo lwemishini ye-PC;
-smp2 - iphrosesa ebonakalayo kufanele ibe yi-dual-core;
-vga std — khetha ikhadi levidiyo elijwayelekile elingakusekeli izinqumo ezinkulu zesikrini;
-drive file=/dev/sda,format=raw,index=0,media=disk
- ifayela=/dev/sdX — indlela eya ensizeni yokuvimba emele idiski yeseva;
- ifomethi=iluhlaza - siqaphela ukuthi efayeleni elishiwo yonke idatha ikwifomu "eluhlaza", okungukuthi, njengakudiski;
- inkomba = 0 - inombolo yediski, kufanele ikhule ngediski ngayinye elandelayo;
- imidiya=idiski — umshini we-virtual kufanele ubone lesi sitoreji njengediski;
-vnc :0, iphasiwedi — qala iseva ye-VNC ngokuzenzakalelayo kokuthi 0.0.0.0:5900, sebenzisa igama-mfihlo njengesigunyazo;
-qapha i-stdio — Ukuxhumana phakathi komlawuli kanye neqemu kuzokwenzeka ngokusebenzisa okokufaka okujwayelekile/imifudlana yokuphumayo.

Uma konke kuhamba ngohlelo, ukuqapha kwe-QEMU kuzoqala:

QEMU 4.0.0 monitor - type 'help' for more information (qemu)

Sibonise ukuthi ukugunyazwa kwenzeka kusetshenziswa iphasiwedi, kodwa akuzange kubonise iphasiwedi ngokwayo. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokuthumela umyalo wokushintsha iphasiwedi ye-vnc kusiqaphi se-QEMU. Inothi elibalulekile: Iphasiwedi ayikwazi ukuba nezinhlamvu ezingaphezu kweziyisishiyagalombili.

(qemu) change vnc password Password: ******

Ngemva kwalokhu, singakwazi ukuxhumana nanoma yiliphi iklayenti le-VNC, isibonelo, i-Remmina, sisebenzisa ikheli le-IP leseva yethu nephasiwedi esiyishilo.

Manje asiboni kuphela amaphutha angenzeka esigabeni sokulayisha, kodwa singakwazi futhi ukubhekana nawo.

Uma usuqedile, kufanele uvale umshini we-virtual. Lokhu kungenziwa ngaphakathi kwe-OS ngokuthumela isignali ukuvala shaqa, noma ngokunikeza umyalo system_powerdown kumonitha ye-QEMU. Lokhu kuzolingana nokucindezela inkinobho yokuvala kanye: isistimu yokusebenza ngaphakathi komshini we-virtual izovala shaqa kahle.

Ukufakwa kwesistimu yokusebenza

Umshini obonakalayo unokufinyelela okugcwele kumadiski eseva ngakho-ke ungasetshenziswa ukufaka isistimu yokusebenza. Okuwukuphela komkhawulo inani le-RAM: isithombe se-ISO asikwazi ukubekwa njalo ku-RAM. Ake sihlukanise amagigabhayithi amane e-RAM ukuze sigcine isithombe kuso / mnt:

mount -t tmpfs -o size=4G tmpfs /mnt

Sizophinde silande isithombe sokufaka sesistimu yokusebenza ye-FreeBSD 12.0:

wget -P /mnt ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/amd64/amd64/ISO-IMAGES/12.0/FreeBSD-12.0-RELEASE-amd64-bootonly.iso

Manje ungaqala i-VM:

Maka umkhosi - ibhuthi d ifaka ukubhutha ku-CD drive. Sixhuma neklayenti le-VNC futhi sibone i-bootloader ye-FreeBSD.

Njengoba ukuthola ikheli nge-DHCP kwasetshenziselwa ukufinyelela i-inthanethi, ngemva kokuyilungisa kungase kudingeke ukuthi uqalise ohlelweni olusanda kufakwa futhi ulungise izilungiselelo zenethiwekhi. Kwezinye izimo, kungase kudingeke ukuthi kufakwe abashayeli be-adaptha yenethiwekhi, njengoba ikhadi lenethiwekhi elifakwe kuseva naleli elingiswe ku-VM lihlukile.

isiphetho

Le ndlela yokuhlela ukufinyelela okukude ku-console yeseva idla ezinye zezinsiza zeseva, noma kunjalo, ayifaki izidingo ezikhethekile ku-hardware yeseva, ngakho-ke ingasetshenziswa cishe kunoma yiziphi izimo. Ukusebenzisa lesi sixazululo kwenza kube lula kakhulu ukuhlonza amaphutha esofthiwe futhi ubuyisele ukusebenza kweseva ekude.

Source: www.habr.com