Uma kulungiselelwe kahle, ungakwazi ukuqala kusuka ku-NVME SSD ngisho nasezinhlelweni ezindala. Kucatshangwa ukuthi isistimu yokusebenza (OS) iyakwazi ukusebenza ne-NVME SSD. Ngicabanga ukuqala i-OS, ngoba ngamashayeli atholakala ku-OS, i-NVME SSD ibonakala ku-OS ngemva kokuqalisa futhi ingasetshenziswa. Isofthiwe eyengeziwe (isofthiwe) ye-Linux ayidingeki. Ku-OS yomndeni we-BSD namanye ama-Unixes, indlela cishe ifaneleka kakhulu.
Ukuze uqalise kunoma iyiphi idrayivu, i-bootloader (BOP), BIOS noma i-EFI (UEFI) kufanele iqukathe abashayeli bale divayisi. Amadrayivu e-NVME SSD angamadivayisi amasha impela uma kuqhathaniswa ne-BIOS, futhi abekho abashayeli abanjalo ku-firmware ye-firmware yamabhodi omama amadala. Ku-EFI ngaphandle kokusekelwa kwe-NVME SSD, ungangeza ikhodi efanelekile, bese kuba nokwenzeka ukusebenza ngokugcwele nale divayisi - ungafaka isistimu yokusebenza futhi uyiqalise. Ukuze izinhlelo ezindala nge okuthiwa. "i-BIOS yefa" ukuqala i-OS akunakwenzeka ukwenza lokhu. Nokho, lokhu kungase kudliwe.
Indlela yokwenza ngayo
Ngisebenzise i-OpenSUSE Leap 15.1. Kwezinye i-Linux, izinyathelo zizofana.
1. Ake silungise ikhompuyutha ukufaka isistimu yokusebenza.
Udinga i-PC noma iseva ene-PCI-E 4x slot yamahhala noma eside, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyiphi inguqulo, i-PCI-E 1.0 yanele. Yiqiniso, inguqulo ye-PCI-E entsha, isivinini sizoba ngokushesha. Empeleni, i-NVME SSD ene-adaptha ye-M.2 - PCI-E 4x.
Udinga nolunye uhlobo lokushayela olunamandla angama-300 MB noma ngaphezulu, olubonakala ku-BIOS futhi lapho ungalayisha khona i-OS. Kungaba i-HDD enokuxhumana kwe-IDE, SATA, SCSI. S.A.S. Noma i-USB flash drive noma imemori khadi. Ngeke ingene ku-floppy disk. I-CD-ROM ngeke isebenze futhi izodinga ukuthi ibhalwe kabusha. I-DVD-RAM - akukho mqondo. Sizobiza le nto ngokuthi "i-legacy BIOS drive".
2. Silayisha i-Linux ukuze ifakwe (kusuka ku-optical disk noma i-flash drive ebhuthayo, njll.).
3. Lapho uhlukanisa idiski, sabalalisa i-OS phakathi kwamadrayivu atholakalayo:
3.1. Ake sakhe ukwahlukanisa kwe-GRUB bootloader ekuqaleni "kwe-BIOS yedrayivu yefa" enosayizi ongu-8 MB. Ngiyaqaphela ukuthi lapha kusetshenziswa isici se-openSUSE - GRUB ekwahlukaniseni okuhlukile. Nge-openSUSE, isistimu yefayela ezenzakalelayo (FS) yi-BTRFS. Uma ubeka i-GRUB ekuhlukaniseni ngohlelo lwefayela le-BTRFS, uhlelo ngeke luqale. Ngakho-ke, kusetshenziswa isigaba esihlukile. Ungabeka i-GRUB kwenye indawo, inqobo nje uma iqala.
3.2. Ngemuva kokuhlukaniswa ne-GRUB, sizokwakha ukwahlukanisa ngengxenye yefolda yesistimu ("impande"), okungukuthi "/ boot/", 300 MB ngosayizi.
3.3. Okunye okuhle - okusele kwefolda yesistimu, ukwahlukanisa okushintshiwe, ukwahlukanisa komsebenzisi "/home/" (uma unquma ukuyidala) kungafakwa ku-NVME SSD.
Ngemuva kokufakwa, isistimu ilayisha i-GRUB, elayisha amafayela kusuka ku-/boot/, ngemva kwalokho i-NVME SSD iyatholakala, bese isistimu iqala kusuka ku-NVME SSD.
Empeleni, ngithole ukusheshisa okukhulu.
Izidingo zekhono "ze-BIOS yedrayivu yefa": 8 MB yengxenye ye-GRUB iyona emisiwe, futhi noma yikuphi isuka ku-200 MB ye-/boot/. 300 MB ngithathe nge-margin. Lapho ibuyekeza i-kernel (nalapho ifaka amasha), i-Linux izogcwalisa i-/boot/ partition ngamafayela amasha.
Ukulinganisa isivinini nezindleko
Izindleko ze-NVME SSD 128 GB - kusuka kuma-ruble angaba ngu-2000.
Izindleko ze-adaptha ye-M.2 - PCI-E 4x - kusuka kuma-ruble angaba ngu-500.
Ama-adaptha we-M.2 kuya ku-PCI-E 16x amadrayivu amane e-NVME SSD nawo ayathengiswa, anentengo endaweni ethile ukusuka ku-3000 r. - uma kukhona okudingayo.
Nciphisa izivinini:
I-PCI-E 3.0 4x cishe ngo-3900 MB/s
I-PCI-E 2.0 4x 2000 MB/s
I-PCI-E 1.0 4x 1000 MB/s
Ukushayela nge-PCI-E 3.0 4x ekusebenzeni kufinyelela isivinini esingaba ngu-3500 MB / s.
Kungacatshangwa ukuthi isivinini esifinyelelekayo sizoba kanje:
I-PCI-E 3.0 4x cishe ngo-3500 MB/s
I-PCI-E 2.0 4x cishe ngo-1800 MB/s
I-PCI-E 1.0 4x cishe ngo-900 MB/s
Okushesha kuno-SATA 600MB/s. Isivinini esingafinyeleleka se-SATA 600 MB/s singaba ngu-550 MB/s.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuma-motherboards amadala, isivinini se-SATA sesilawuli se-onboard singase singabi ngu-600 MB / s, kodwa 300 MB / s noma 150 MB / s. Lapha isilawuli sebhodi = isilawuli se-SATA esakhelwe eningizimu ye-chipset.
Ngiyaqaphela ukuthi i-NCQ izosebenzela ama-NVME SSD, kuyilapho abalawuli abasebhodini abadala bangase bangabi nakho lokhu.
Ngenze izibalo ze-PCI-E 4x, nokho, amanye amadrayivu anebhasi le-PCI-E 2x. Lokhu kwanele ku-PCI-E 3.0, kodwa kumazinga amadala we-PCI-E - 2.0 no-1.0 - kungcono ukungathathi ama-NVME SSDs. Futhi, idrayivu ene-buffer esesimweni se-memory chip izoshesha kunangaphandle kwayo.
Kulabo abafuna ukulahla ngokuphelele isilawuli se-SATA esisebhodini, ngikweluleka ukuthi usebenzise isilawuli se-Asmedia ASM 106x (1061, njll.), esihlinzeka ngamachweba amabili e-SATA 600 (yangaphakathi noma ngaphandle). Isebenza kahle (ngemuva kokuvuselelwa kwe-firmware), kumodi ye-AHCI isekela i-NCQ. Ixhumeke nge-PCI-E 2.0 1x ibhasi.
Ijubane layo eliphezulu:
I-PCI-E 2.0 1x 500 MB/s
I-PCI-E 1.0 1x 250 MB/s
Isivinini esingafinyeleleka sizoba:
I-PCI-E 2.0 1x 460 MB/s
I-PCI-E 1.0 1x 280 MB/s
Lokhu kwanele ku-SATA SSD eyodwa noma ama-hard drive amabili.
Ukushiyeka okuphawuliwe
1. Akufundiwe nge-NVME SSD, kukhona ulwazi olujwayelekile kuphela mayelana nomenzi, inombolo ye-serial, njll. Mhlawumbe ngenxa yebhodi lomama elidala kakhulu (mp). Ocwaningweni lwami olungenabuntu, ngasebenzisa i-mp endala engayithola, nge-nForce4 chipset.
2. I-TRIM kufanele isebenze, kodwa idinga ukuhlolwa.
isiphetho
Kukhona ezinye izinketho: thenga isilawuli se-SAS nge-PCI-E 4x noma i-8x slot (ingabe kukhona i-16x noma i-32x?). Kodwa-ke, uma eshibhile, asekela i-SAS 600, kodwa i-SATA 300, futhi ebizayo izobiza kakhulu futhi ihamba kancane kunendlela ehlongozwe ngenhla.
Ukuze usebenzise ne-M $ Windows, ungafaka isofthiwe eyengeziwe - i-bootloader enabashayeli bakhelwe ngaphakathi be-NVME SSD.
Bona lapha:
Ngimema umfundi ukuthi azihlolele ukuthi uyaludinga yini uhlelo olunjalo lwe-NVME SSD, noma kungaba ngcono ukuthenga i-motherboard entsha (+ processor + memory) ngesixhumi esikhona se-M.2 PCI-E kanye nokwesekwa kokuqalisa i-NVME I-SSD ku-EFI.
Source: www.habr.com