Ekuqaleni kwawo-2010, ithimba elihlangene lochwepheshe abavela eNyuvesi yaseStanford, iNyuvesi yaseMassachusetts, i-Tor Project kanye ne-SRI International bethule imiphumela yabo. izindlela zokulwa nokuhlolwa kwe-inthanethi.
Ososayensi bahlaziya izindlela zokudlula ukuvimba ezazikhona ngaleso sikhathi futhi bahlongoza indlela yabo, ebizwa ngokuthi i-flash proxy. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngengqikithi yayo kanye nomlando wentuthuko.
Isingeniso
I-inthanethi yaqala njengenethiwekhi evulekele zonke izinhlobo zedatha, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amazwe amaningi aqala ukuhlunga ithrafikhi. Ezinye izifundazwe zivimba amasayithi athile, njenge-YouTube noma i-Facebook, kuyilapho ezinye zivimbela ukufinyelela kokuqukethwe okuqukethe izinto ezithile. Ukuvinjwa kohlobo olulodwa noma olunye kusetshenziswa emazweni amaningi avela ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene, kubandakanya neYurophu.
Abasebenzisi abasezifundeni lapho kusetshenziswa khona ukuvimba bazama ukukweqa besebenzisa ama-proxies ahlukahlukene. Kunezikhombisi-ndlela eziningana zokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo ezinjalo; obunye bobuchwepheshe, i-Tor, yasetshenziswa ngesikhathi sephrojekthi.
Imvamisa, abathuthukisi bezinhlelo zommeleli wokudlula ukuvimba babhekana nemisebenzi emithathu edinga ukuxazululwa:
- Izivumelwano zokuhlangana. Iphrothokholi ye-rendezvous ivumela abasebenzisi ezweni elivinjiwe ukuthi bathumele futhi bathole amanani amancane olwazi ukuze bathole uxhumano nommeleli - esimweni se-Tor, isibonelo, isebenzisa i-rendezvous ukusabalalisa ikheli le-IP le-Tor relays (amabhuloho). Amaphrothokholi anjalo asetshenziselwa ithrafikhi enenani eliphansi futhi akulula ukuvinjwa.
- Ukudala ummeleli. Amasistimu okunqoba ukuvinjwa adinga ama-proxies angaphandle kwesifunda ane-inthanethi ehlungiwe ukuze adlulisele ithrafikhi isuka kuklayenti iye ezinsizeni eziqondiwe futhi ibuye. Vimba abahleli bangase baphendule ngokuvimbela abasebenzisi ekufundeni amakheli e-IP wamaseva elibamba futhi bawavimbe. Ukuphikisa okunjalo isevisi yommeleli kufanele ikwazi njalo ukudala ama-proxi amasha. Ukudalwa okusheshayo kwama-proxies amasha kuyingqikithi eyinhloko yendlela ephakanyiswe abacwaningi.
- Ukufihla. Uma iklayenti lithola ikheli lommeleli ongavinjiwe, lidinga ukuthi ngandlela thize lifihle ukuxhumana kwalo nalo ukuze isikhathi singavinjelwa kusetshenziswa amathuluzi okuhlaziya ithrafikhi. Idinga ukufihlwa njengethrafikhi "ejwayelekile", njengokushintshisana kwedatha nesitolo se-inthanethi, imidlalo ye-inthanethi, njll.
Emsebenzini wabo, ososayensi bahlongoze indlela entsha yokwakha ngokushesha ama-proxies.
Kanjani lo msebenzi
Umqondo oyinhloko uwukusebenzisa amawebhusayithi amaningi ukuze udale inani elikhulu lama-proxi ngesikhathi esifushane sokuphila esingeqi imizuzu embalwa.
Ukwenza lokhu, kwakhiwa inethiwekhi yamasayithi amancane aphethwe amavolontiya - njengamakhasi asekhaya abasebenzisi abahlala ngaphandle kwesifunda ngokuvinjwa kwe-inthanethi. Lawa masayithi awahlobene neze nezinsiza umsebenzisi afuna ukuzifinyelela.
Ibheji elincane lifakwa kusayithi elinjalo, okuwukuxhumana okulula okudalwe kusetshenziswa i-JavaScript. Isibonelo sale khodi:
<iframe src="//crypto.stanford.edu/flashproxy/embed.html" width="80" height="15" frameborder="0" scrolling="no"></iframe>Nansi indlela ibheji elibukeka ngayo:
Uma isiphequluli esisuka endaweni engaphandle kwesifunda esivinjiwe sifinyelela kusayithi elinjalo ngebheji, siqala ukudlulisa ithrafikhi kule ndawo futhi sibuye. Okusho ukuthi, isiphequluli sesivakashi sewebhusayithi siba ummeleli wesikhashana. Uma lowo msebenzisi eshiya isayithi, ummeleli uyabhujiswa ngaphandle kokushiya noma yimuphi umkhondo.
Ngenxa yalokho, kungenzeka ukuthola ukusebenza okwanele ukusekela umhubhe we-Tor.
Ngokungeziwe ku-Tor Relay kanye neklayenti, umsebenzisi uzodinga ezinye izakhi ezintathu. Obizwa ngokuthi umgqugquzeli, othola izicelo ezivela kuklayenti futhi ayixhumanise nommeleli. Ukuxhumana kwenzeka kusetshenziswa ama-plugin ezokuthutha kuklayenti (lapha ) kanye nokushintsha kwe-Tor-relay kusuka ku-WebSockets kuya ku-TCP emsulwa.
Iseshini evamile esebenzisa lolu hlelo ibonakala kanje:
- Iklayenti lisebenzisa i-Tor, iklayenti le-flash-proxy (i-plugin yesiphequluli), futhi lithumela isicelo sokubhalisa kumsizi lisebenzisa iphrothokholi ye-rendezvous. I-plugin iqala ukulalela uxhumano lwesilawuli kude.
- Ummeleli we-Flash uvela ku-inthanethi futhi uthinta umsizi ngesicelo sokuxhuma neklayenti.
- Umsizi ubuyisela ukubhaliswa, edlulisela idatha yokuxhuma kummeleli we-flash.
- Ummeleli uxhumeka kuklayenti idatha yalo ethunyelwe kulo.
- Ummeleli uxhuma ku-plugin yezokuthutha kanye ne-Tor relay futhi iqala ukushintshanisa idatha phakathi kweklayenti ne-relay.
Okuhlukile kwalesi sakhiwo ukuthi iklayenti alikwazi kusengaphambili ukuthi lizodinga ukuxhuma kuphi. Eqinisweni, i-plugin yezokuthutha yamukela ikheli lendawo okuyiwa kulo elingelona iqiniso kuphela ukuze lingaphuli izimfuneko zezinqubo zokuthutha. Leli kheli libe selishaywa indiva bese kwakhiwa umhubhe uye kwenye indawo yokugcina - i-Tor relay.
isiphetho
Iphrojekthi ye-flash proxy yathuthukiswa iminyaka eminingana futhi ngo-2017 abadali bayeka ukuyisekela. Ikhodi yephrojekthi iyatholakala ku- . Amaphrokzi e-Flash athathelwe indawo amathuluzi amasha okuvimbela ukudlula. Enye yazo iphrojekthi ye-Snowflake, eyakhelwe ezimisweni ezifanayo.
Source: www.habr.com