Igor Sysoev, umthuthukisi weseva yewebhu , ilungu lomndeni omkhulu , hhayi nje ukuma emsuka wengqungquthela yethu. Ngibona u-Igor njengothisha wami oqeqeshiwe, umpetha owangifundisa ukusebenza nokuqonda amasistimu agcwele kakhulu, anquma indlela yami yobungcweti iminyaka eyishumi.
Njengokulindelekile, angikwazanga ukuziba lezi zithulu Ithimba le-NGINX ... Futhi ngaxoxisana, kodwa hhayi u-Igor (usengumhleli wezinhlelo ezifakiwe), kodwa abatshalizimali abavela esikhwameni I-Runa Capital, owabona i-nginx eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, wakha ingqalasizinda yebhizinisi eduze kwayo, futhi manje baxoxisana ngedili lobukhulu obungakaze bubonwe emakethe yaseRussia.
Inhloso ye-athikili engezansi kokusikwa wukuqinisekisa futhi ukuthi noma yini ingenzeka! Izame!
Inhloko Yekomidi Lohlelo Lomthwalo Ophakeme++ u-Oleg Bunin: Siyakuhalalisela ngesivumelwano esiyimpumelelo! Ngokwazi kwami, ukwazile ukulondoloza nokusekela isifiso sika-Igor sokuqhubeka nokusebenza njengomhleli futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo wakhe yonke ingqalasizinda yebhizinisi eduze kwakhe - lokhu kuyiphupho lanoma yimuphi umthuthukisi. Kulungile?
I-interlocutor yami nguManaging Partner we-Runa Capital Dmitry Chikhachev: Yiqiniso lokhu. Lokhu kuwukufaneleka okukhulu kuka-Igor kanye nabasunguli bakhe uMaxim no-Andrey (u-Maxim Konovalov no-Andrey Alekseev), ngoba ekuqaleni babelungele ukuthi le ngqalasizinda yakhiwe eduze kwabo. Akubona bonke abaqalayo abahlola amandla abo kanye namakhono abo ngokwanele. Abantu abaningi bafuna ukuhola noma ukuphatha yonke inqubo.
- Ngakho-ke ithimba le-NGINX, ngokubanzi, liziqhelelanise nengxenye yebhizinisi, noma yini?
U-Dmitriy: Cha, abazange basuke engxenyeni yebhizinisi, ngani? UMaxim uhole ingxenye yokusebenza njenge-COO. U-Andrey wahlanganyela e-BizDev, u-Igor waqhubeka nokwenza intuthuko - lokho akuthandayo.
Wonke umuntu wenza lokho anamandla nakuthandayo.
Kodwa bonke babeqonda ukuthi ukuze kwakhiwe ibhizinisi lezigidi zamaRandi e-United States, kudingeka umuntu wezinga elihlukile, onesizinda esihlukile. Ngakho-ke, ngisho nangomjikelezo wokuqala wezingxoxo kwaba nesivumelwano nabatshalizimali ukuthi umuntu onjalo uzotholakala. KwakunguGus Robertson, uhambisana nazo zonke lezi zindlela.
- Ngakho-ke kwakuhlelwe ukuthi kungene emakethe yaseMelika?
U-Dmitriy: I-NGINX yibhizinisi le-b2b. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ayaziwa kakhulu kubasebenzisi, njengoba isebenza ezingeni lengqalasizinda, omunye angase athi i-middleware.Imakethe eyinhloko ye-b2b yi-USA - ama-40% emakethe yomhlaba agxile lapho.
Impumelelo emakethe yaseMelika inquma impumelelo yanoma yikuphi ukuqalisa.
Ngakho-ke, uhlelo olunengqondo ukuya e-USA, ngokushesha uqashe umuntu ozohola inkampani yaseMelika, athuthukise ibhizinisi futhi ahehe abatshalizimali baseMelika. Uma ufuna ukuthengisa isoftware yengqalasizinda e-USA, kubalulekile ukuthi ube nabatshalizimali baseMelika ngemuva kwakho.
- Ubani owafika kubani: kuwe nginx, nginx kuwe?
U-Dmitriy: Sibe namaphuzu amaningi ahlukene okuxhumana. Cishe sabonisa isinyathelo esihle kakhulu, ngoba nalapho nginx yayibonakala. Nakuba yayingakabi yinkampani futhi isabelo semakethe sasincane (6%), kwase kunenzalo eningi yabatshalizimali. Isivumelwano sasinokuncintisana, ngakho-ke, sasikhuthele.
- Umkhiqizo ubukusiphi isimo? Yayingekho inkampani, kodwa ingabe yayikhona imidwebo yenguqulo yebhizinisi lezohwebo?
U-Dmitriy: Kube khona iseva yewebhu yomthombo ovulekile ebizwa nge-Nginx. Yayinabasebenzisi - u-6% wemakethe yomhlaba wonke. Eqinisweni, kunezigidi, ngisho namashumi ezigidi zamawebhusayithi. Kodwa, nokho, kwakungekho nkampani, kwakungekho modeli yebhizinisi. Futhi njengoba yayingekho inkampani, kwakungekho qembu: kwakukhona u-Igor Sysoev, umthuthukisi we-nginx kanye nomphakathi omncane ozungezile.
Lena indaba ejabulisa kakhulu. U-Igor waqala ukubhala nginx kudala kakhulu - ngo-2002, futhi wayikhulula ngo-2004. Isithakazelo sangempela kuyo savela kuphela ngo-2008, ngo-2011 wakhulisa imali. Bambalwa abantu abazibuza ukuthi kungani sekudlule isikhathi esingaka. Kukhona incazelo yobuchwepheshe enengqondo yalokhu.
Ngo-2002, u-Igor wasebenza e-Rambler, futhi kwakukhona inkinga eyodwa yena, njengomphathi wesistimu, ayixazulule - inkinga ebizwa ngokuthi i-C10k, okungukuthi, ukunikeza iseva ngezicelo ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyishumi ngesikhathi esisodwa ekulayisheni okuphezulu. Khona-ke le nkinga ivele yavela, ngoba imithwalo esindayo ku-inthanethi yayisanda kusetshenziswa. Amasayithi ambalwa kuphela ahlangabezane nayo - njengeRambler, Yandex, Mail.ru. Lokhu bekungabalulekile kumawebhusayithi amaningi. Uma kunezicelo eziyi-100-200 ngosuku, azikho i-nginx edingekayo, i-Apache izoyiphatha kahle.
Njengoba i-inthanethi iqala ukuduma, inani lamasayithi ahlangabezane nenkinga ye-C10k lakhula. Amasayithi amaningi aqala ukudinga iseva yewebhu esheshayo ukucubungula izicelo, njenge-nginx.
Kodwa ukuqhuma kwangempela komthwalo kwenzeka ngo-2008-2010 ngokufika kwama-smartphones.
Kulula ukucabanga ukuthi inani lezicelo kumaseva likhule kanjani ngokushesha. Okokuqala, isikhathi esichithwa kusetshenziswa i-Intanethi sinyukile, ngoba kuye kwaba nokwenzeka ukuchofoza izixhumanisi noma kuphi nanoma kuphi, hhayi nje ngenkathi uhlezi ekhompyutheni. Okwesibili, ukuziphatha komsebenzisi ngokwako kushintshile - ngesikrini sokuthinta, ukuchofoza izixhumanisi sekube yisiphithiphithi. Ungakwazi futhi ukwengeza amanethiwekhi omphakathi lapha.
Lokhu kwaholela eqinisweni lokuthi Inani eliphakeme kakhulu lama-inthanethi aqala ukukhula kakhulu. Umthwalo ophelele wakhula ngokulinganayo noma kancane ngokulinganayo, kodwa iziqongo zazibonakala kakhulu. Kuvele ukuthi inkinga efanayo ye-C10k isisabalele. Ngaleso sikhathi nginx yasuka.
- Sitshele ukuthi izenzakalo zaqala kanjani ngemva komhlangano no-Igor nethimba lakhe? Kwaqala nini ukuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda kanye nemibono yebhizinisi?
U-Dmitriy: Okokuqala, kwakhiwa isivumelwano. Sengike ngasho ukuthi isivumelwano sasinokuncintisana, futhi ekugcineni kwasungulwa i-syndicate yabatshalizimali. Sibe yingxenye yale syndicate kanye ne-BV Capital (manje eyi-e.ventures) kanye noMichael Dell. Baqale bavala isivumelwano, ngemuva kwalokho baqala ukucabanga ngodaba lokuthola i-CEO yaseMelika.
Usivale kanjani isivumelwano? Ngemuva kwakho konke, kuvela ukuthi ubungazi nokuthi imodeli yebhizinisi iyini nokuthi izokhokha nini? Ingabe usanda kutshala imali eqenjini, emkhiqizweni opholile?
U-Dmitriy: Yebo, lokhu kwakuyisivumelwano sembewu emsulwa. Asizange sicabange ngemodeli yebhizinisi ngaleso sikhathi.
Ithesis yethu yokutshala imali yayisekelwe eqinisweni lokuthi i-NGINX iwumkhiqizo oyingqayizivele onezithameli ezikhula ngokuphawulekayo.
Ubexazulula inkinga engathi sΓna kakhulu kulaba balaleli. Uhlolo engiluthandayo, ukuhlolwa kwe-litmus kwanoma yikuphi ukutshalwa kwezimali, ukuthi umkhiqizo uyayixazulula yini inkinga enkulu, ebuhlungu. I-NGINX iphumelele lesi sivivinyo sokuphahlazeka nge-bang: inkinga yayinkulu, imithwalo yayikhula, amasayithi ayephansi. Futhi kwakubuhlungu, ngoba kwakuza inkathi lapho iwebhusayithi iba yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-mission critical.
Ngama-90s, abantu bacabanga kanje: isayithi ilele lapho - manje ngizobiza umlawuli wesistimu, bazoyilanda ngehora - kulungile. Ekupheleni kweminyaka yama-2000, ezinkampanini eziningi, isikhathi sokuphumula semizuzu emi-5 salingana nemali elahlekile, isithunzi, njll. Iqiniso lokuthi inkinga yayibuhlungu iwuhlangothi olulodwa.
Uhlangothi lwesibili thina njengabatshalizimali esilubukayo yilolu izinga leqembu. Lapha sahlatshwa umxhwele u-Igor nabasunguli bakhe. Kwakuyisipiliyoni esihambisanayo kanye nomkhiqizo oyingqayizivele owasungulwa ngumuntu oyedwa.
- Kuyacaca ukuthi iqembu elinamakhono athile ahambisanayo nalo libe neqhaza.
U-Dmitriy: Kubonakala kulungile kimi ukuthi u-Igor wathuthukisa umkhiqizo yedwa, kodwa lapho kufika isikhathi sokudala ibhizinisi, akazange agijimele kuwo yedwa, kodwa nabalingani. Uma ngibheka iminyaka engu-10 yokutshala izimali, ngingasho ukuthi ukuba nabasunguli ababili ngokuqinisekile kunciphisa izingozi. Inombolo ephelele yabasunguli abahlanganyeli ababili noma abathathu. Eyodwa incane kakhulu, kodwa ezine sezivele ziningi.
- Kwenzekani ngokulandelayo? Lapho isivumelwano sesivele senziwe, kodwa awukho umqondo webhizinisi othuthukisiwe okwamanje.
U-Dmitriy: Isivumelwano senziwe, inkampani ibhalisiwe, imibhalo isayinwa, imali idluliswa - yilokho, masiqhube. Ngokuhambisana nokuthuthukiswa kwengxenye yebhizinisi, siqashe ithimba lonjiniyela abaqale ukusebenza ngomkhiqizo. U-Andrey Alekseev, njengo-BizDev, wakha ubudlelwano bokuqala namakhasimende angaba khona ukuze aqoqe impendulo. Wonke umuntu wacabanga ndawonye ngemodeli yebhizinisi, futhi ndawonye babefuna umphathi ophezulu owayezothuthukisa ibhizinisi laseMelika futhi ahole inkampani.
- Futhi umthole kanjani? Kuphi? Angikwazi nokucabanga ukuthi ngingakwenza kanjani lokhu.
U-Dmitriy: Bonke abatshalizimali kanye nebhodi labaqondisi babekwenza lokhu. Ekugcineni, ukukhetha kwawela kuGus Robertson. UGus wayesebenza kwaRed Hat, omphathi wayo omkhulu wayengumtshali-zimali wethu. Siphendukele kwaRed Hat, kwazise iwumthombo ovulekile, sathi sifuna umuntu ongahola ibhizinisi alithuthukise libe yibhiliyoni lamadola. Bancoma uGus.
Isivumelwano ne-NGINX savalwa ngo-2011, futhi ngo-2012 sase sivele sahlangana noGus, futhi ngokushesha samthanda ngempela. Wayenesizinda kumthombo ovulekile ovela kuRed Hat - ngaleso sikhathi kwakuyiyona kuphela inkampani enemali eyizigidigidi zamadola emthonjeni ovulekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uGus wayezibandakanye ekuthuthukisweni kwebhizinisi nasekuthengisweni - yilokho kanye esasikudinga!
Ngaphezu kwesizinda sakhe nolwazi lwakhe, sazithanda izimfanelo zakhe zomuntu siqu - ungumuntu okhaliphile, onokuqonda nengqondo esheshayo, futhi, okubalulekile, sasicabanga ukuthi uhambisana kahle namasiko neqembu. Ngempela, kwenzeka lokhu. Lapho behlangana, kwavela ukuthi wonke umuntu wayekubude obufanayo, wonke umuntu wayesebenzisane kahle kakhulu.
Senze isithembiso sikaGus futhi waqala ukusebenza ekupheleni kuka-2012. UGus uphinde wanikela ngokutshala imali yakhe ku-NGINX. Bonke abatshalizimali bahlabeke umxhwele. Ngenxa yezinga eliphezulu lokubandakanyeka kukaGus, wajoyina iqembu labasunguli futhi wabonwa yiwo wonke umuntu njengomsunguli kanye naye wenkampani. Ngemva kwalokho waba ngomunye wabane. Kunesithombe esidumile sabo bobane begqoke izikibha ze-NGINX.
Isithombe sithathwe ku UDmitry Chikhachev mayelana nomlando wokubambisana phakathi kwe-NGINX ne-Runa Capital.
β Ingabe ukwazile ukuthola imodeli yebhizinisi ngokushesha, noma ingabe yashintsha kamuva?
U-Dmitriy: Sakwazi ukuthola imodeli ngaso leso sikhathi, kodwa ngaphambi kwalokho saxoxa isikhathi esithile kanjani futhi ngani. Kodwa impikiswano enkulu yayiwukuthi ukuqhubeka nokusekela iphrojekthi yomthombo ovulekile, noma ukugcina i-nginx mahhala, noma kancane kancane ukuphoqa wonke umuntu ukuthi akhokhe.
Sinqume ukuthi into okufanele siyenze kuzoba ukusebenzisa amandla omphakathi omi ngemuva kwe-nginx futhi singabaphoxi noma sihoxise ukusekelwa kwephrojekthi yomthombo ovulekile.
Ngakho-ke, sinqume ukugcina i-nginx umthombo ovulekile, kodwa sakha umkhiqizo okhethekile owengeziwe obizwa nge-NGINX Plus. Lona umkhiqizo wokuthengisa osuselwe ku-nginx, esiyilayisense kumaklayenti ebhizinisi. Njengamanje, ibhizinisi eliyinhloko le-NGINX lithengisa amalayisensi e-NGINX Plus.
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezinguqulo ezivuliwe nezikhokhelwayo yilezi:
- I-NGINX Plus inomsebenzi owengeziwe wamabhizinisi, ngokuyinhloko ukulinganisa ukulayisha.
- Ngokungafani nomkhiqizo womthombo ovulekile, kukhona ukwesekwa komsebenzisi.
- Lo mkhiqizo kulula ukuwuphatha. Lona akuyena umakhi odinga ukuzihlanganisa wena, kodwa iphakheji kanambambili esenziwe ngomumo ongakwazi ukuyisebenzisela ingqalasizinda yakho.
β Umthombo ovulekile kanye nomkhiqizo wentengiso kusebenzisana kanjani? Ingabe noma yimiphi imisebenzi esuka kumkhiqizo wentengiso igeleza iye emthonjeni ovulekile?
U-Dmitriy: Umkhiqizo womthombo ovulekile uyaqhubeka nokuthuthuka ngokuhambisana nowokuthengisa. Okunye ukusebenza kwengezwa kuphela kumkhiqizo wentengiso, okunye lapha nalaphaya. Kodwa umnyombo wohlelo ngokusobala uyafana.
Iphuzu elibalulekile ukuthi i-nginx ngokwayo iwumkhiqizo omncane kakhulu. Ngicabanga ukuthi cishe izinkulungwane ezingama-200 zemigqa yekhodi. Inselele yayiwukwenza imikhiqizo eyengeziwe. Kodwa lokhu sekuvele kwenzeka ngemuva komjikelezo olandelayo wokutshalwa kwezimali, lapho kuqaliswa imikhiqizo eminingana emisha: NGINX Amplify (2014-2015), NGINX Controller (2016) kanye ne-NGINX Unit (2017-2018). Ulayini womkhiqizo wamabhizinisi unwetshiwe.
β Kusheshe kangakanani kwacaca ukuthi uyithole kahle imodeli? Ngabe usuyizuzile i-payback, noma sekucacile ukuthi ibhizinisi liyakhula futhi lizongenisa imali?
U-Dmitriy: Unyaka wokuqala wemali engenayo bekungu-2014, lapho sizuza izigidi zethu zokuqala zamadola. Ngalesi sikhathi, kwacaca ukuthi kunesidingo, kodwa ezomnotho mayelana nokuthengisa nokuthi imodeli izovumela kangakanani ukukala yayingakaqondwa ngokugcwele.
Eminyakeni emibili kamuva, ngo-2016-2017, sesivele siqonda ukuthi umnotho wawumuhle: kwakukhona ukuphuma kancane kwamakhasimende, kwakukhona ukuthengisa okuphezulu, futhi amakhasimende, eqale ukusebenzisa i-NGINX, ayithenga kakhulu. Kwabe sekucaca ukuthi lokhu kungandiswa. Okubuye kwaholela emizuliswaneni eyengeziwe yoxhaso, osekuvele kuthuthukiswe inhlangano yokuthengisa nokuqasha abantu abengeziwe e-US nakwamanye amazwe. Manje i-NGINX inamahhovisi okuthengisa e-States, Europe, Asia - emhlabeni wonke.
- Ingabe i-NGINX iyinkampani enkulu manje?
U-Dmitriy: Sekunabantu ababalelwa ku-200.
- Ikakhulukazi, mhlawumbe, lokhu ukuthengisa nokusekelwa?
U-Dmitriy: Ukuthuthukiswa kuseyingxenye enkulu yenkampani. Kodwa ukuthengisa nokuthengisa kuyingxenye enkulu.
- Ingabe ukuthuthukiswa okwenziwa ikakhulukazi abafana baseRussia abazinze eMoscow?
U-Dmitriy: Intuthuko manje iyaqhubeka ezikhungweni ezintathu - eMoscow, eCalifornia, nase-Ireland. Kodwa u-Igor uyaqhubeka ehlala eMoscow isikhathi esiningi, ukuya emsebenzini, nohlelo.
Salandela yonke indlela: ekuqaleni ngo-2002, ukukhululwa kwe-nginx ngo-2004, ukukhula ngo-2008-2009, ukuhlangana nabatshalizimali ngo-2010, ukuthengiswa kokuqala ngo-2013, amadola ayizigidi zokuqala ngo-2014. Kuthiwani ngo-2019? Impumelelo?
U-Dmitriy: Ngo-2019 - ukuphuma okuhle.
- Ingabe lona umjikelezo wesikhathi ovamile wokuqalisa, noma okuhlukile emthethweni?
U-Dmitriy: Lona umjikelezo ojwayelekile ngokuphelele ngesikhathi - kuye ngokuthi ubala kuphi. Lapho u-Igor ebhala i-nginx - kwakungelona ize ukuthi ngitshele le ndaba engemuva - i-nginx yayingewona umkhiqizo omkhulu. Kwathi ngo-2008-2009, i-inthanethi yashintsha, futhi i-nginx yaduma kakhulu.
Uma sibala kusukela ku-2009-2010, ke Umjikelezo weminyaka eyi-10 ujwayelekile ngokuphelele., uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi lesi yisikhathi lapho umkhiqizo usanda kuqala ukudingeka. Uma sibala kusukela emzuliswaneni ka-2011, iminyaka engu-8 kusukela esikhathini sokutshalwa kwembewu yokuqala nayo iyinkathi evamile.
- Yini ongasitshela yona manje, uphetha isihloko nge-NGINX, mayelana ne-F5, mayelana nezinhlelo zabo - kuzokwenzekani ku-NGINX?
U-Dmitriy: Angazi - lena imfihlo yebhizinisi ye-F5. Into kuphela engingayingeza ukuthi uma u-google "F5 NGINX" manje, izixhumanisi zokuqala eziyishumi zizoba izindaba ukuthi i-F5 ithole i-NGINX. Embuzweni ofanayo emasontweni amabili edlule, ukusesha bekuzoqala ngokubuyisela izixhumanisi eziyishumi zokuthi ungathutha kanjani usuka ku-F5 uye ku-NGINX.
β Bebengeke babulale umuntu esincintisana nabo!
U-Dmitriy: Cha ngoba? Ukukhishwa kwabezindaba kuveza lokho abazokwenza.
- Konke ekukhululweni kwabezindaba kuhle: ngeke sithinte muntu, konke kuzokhula njengakuqala.
U-Dmitriy: Ngicabanga ukuthi lezi zinkampani zinokulingana okuhle kakhulu kwamasiko. Ngalo mqondo, bobabili basasebenza esigabeni esifanayo - ukuxhumana nokulayisha. Yingakho ke Yonke into izolunga.
- Umbuzo wokugcina: Ngingumhleli ohlakaniphile, yini okufanele ngiyenze ukuze ngiphinde impumelelo yami?
U-Dmitriy: Ukuphinda impumelelo ka-Igor Sysoev, kufanele uqale uthole ukuthi iyiphi inkinga yokuxazulula, ngoba imali ikhokhwa ikhodi kuphela lapho ixazulula inkinga enkulu futhi ebuhlungu.
- Bese kuwe? Futhi ke uzosiza.
U-Dmitriy: Yebo ngenjabulo.
Ngibonga kakhulu ku-Dmitry ngengxoxo. Sizophinde sikubone maduze ngesikhwama se-Runa Capital . Endaweni lapho, manje esingasho ngokuzethemba okuphelele, ihlanganisa ndawonye abathuthukisi abahamba phambili abangaveli eRussia, kodwa abavela emhlabeni wonke. Kwazi bani, mhlawumbe eminyakeni embalwa sizobe sixoxa nje ngentshiseko ngempumelelo yomunye wenu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, manje sekucacile ukuthi ungaqala kuphi - ukubheka isisombululo senkinga ebalulekile!
Source: www.habr.com