Esontweni eledlule, u-Nikita Alexandrov, u-Data Scientist e-Unity Ads, ukhulume ezinkundleni zokuxhumana, lapho ethuthukisa khona ukuguqulwa kwe-algorithms. Manje uNikita uhlala eFinland, futhi phakathi kwezinye izinto, wakhuluma ngempilo ye-IT kuleli zwe.
Sabelana nawe ngokuloba nokurekhodwa kwenhlolokhono.
Igama lami nginguNikita Aleksandrov, ngakhulela eTatarstan futhi ngaphothula esikoleni lapho, futhi ngabamba iqhaza kuma-olympiad wezibalo. Ngemva kwalokho, wangena e-Faculty of Computer Science e-Higher School of Economics futhi waphothula iziqu zakhe ze-bachelor lapho. Ekuqaleni konyaka wami wesine ngaya esifundweni sokushintshisana ngachitha isemester eFinland. Ngakuthanda lapho, ngangenela uhlelo lwe-master's eNyuvesi yase-Aalto, nakuba ngingaluqedanga ngokuphelele - ngaziqeda zonke izifundo ngaqala ukubhala ithisisi yami, kodwa ngashiya ngiyosebenza e-Unity ngingazitholanga iziqu zami. Manje ngisebenza kwa-Unity data science, umnyango ubizwa nge-Operate Solutions (ngaphambilini wawubizwa ngokuthi yi-Monetization); Ithimba lami liletha ukukhangisa ngokuqondile. Okusho ukuthi, ukukhangisa okungaphakathi kwegeyimu - lolo oluvela uma udlala igeyimu yeselula futhi udinga ukuzuza impilo eyengeziwe, isibonelo. Ngisebenzela ukuthuthukisa ukuguqulwa kwesikhangiso - okungukuthi, ukwenza umdlali abe maningi amathuba okuchofoza esikhangisweni.
Uhambe kanjani?
Okokuqala, ngafika eFinland ngizofundela i-semester yokushintshana, ngemva kwalokho ngabuyela eRussia futhi ngaqeda idiploma yami. Ngabe sengingenela uhlelo lwe-master's e-Aalto University ekufundeni ngomshini / isayensi yedatha. Njengoba ngangingumfundi wokushintshisana, kwakungadingeki ngibhale ngisho nokuhlolwa kwesiNgisi; Ngakwenza kalula, ngangazi ukuthi ngenzani. Sengineminyaka engu-3 ngihlala lapha.
Ingabe isiFinnish siyadingeka?
Kuyadingeka uma uzofunda lapha ukuze uthole iziqu ze-bachelor. Kunezinhlelo ezimbalwa kakhulu zesiNgisi zama-bachelors; udinga isiFinnish noma isiSwidi - lolu ulimi lwesibili lwesifunda, amanye amanyuvesi afundisa ngesiSwidi. Kepha ezinhlelweni ze-master kanye ne-PhD, izinhlelo eziningi zingesiNgisi. Uma sikhuluma ngokuxhumana kwansuku zonke nokuphila kwansuku zonke, abantu abaningi lapha bakhuluma isiNgisi, cishe u-90%. Ngokuvamile abantu baphila iminyaka ngesikhathi (uzakwethu uhlala iminyaka engu-20) ngaphandle kolimi lwesiFinnish.
Yiqiniso, uma ufuna ukuhlala lapha, udinga okungenani ukuqonda isiFinnish ezingeni lokugcwalisa amafomu - isibongo, igama lokuqala, njalonjalo.
Ingabe izinga lemfundo lihlukile kumanyuvesi aseRussian Federation? Ingabe zinikeza zonke isisekelo esidingekayo sedivayisi encane?
Ikhwalithi ihlukile. Kubonakala kimi ukuthi eRussia bazama ukufundisa izinto eziningi ngesikhathi esisodwa: zibalo umehluko, mathematics discrete nokunye okuningi. Eqinisweni, udinga ukuthatha izinto zokwakha ezengeziwe, njengesifundo noma i-dissertation, ufunde okuthile okusha uwedwa, uthathe izifundo ezithile. Lapha kwakulula kimi ohlelweni lwenkosi; Ngangazi okuningi okwakwenzeka. Futhi, eFinland i-bachelor ayikabi uchwepheshe; kusenokwehlukana okunjalo. Manje, uma uneziqu ze-master, ungathola umsebenzi. Ngingasho ukuthi ezinhlelweni zenkosi eFinland amakhono omphakathi abalulekile, kubalulekile ukubamba iqhaza, ukukhuthala; kukhona amaphrojekthi ocwaningo. Uma kukhona ucwaningo oluthakazelisayo kuwe, futhi ufuna ukumba ujule, khona-ke ungathola oxhumana nabo bakaprofesa, usebenze ngale ndlela, futhi uthuthukise.
Okusho ukuthi, impendulo ithi βyebo,β kodwa udinga ukusebenzela umphakathi, ubambelele kuwo wonke amathuba uma ekhona. Omunye wabangane bami wahamba wayosebenza lapho eqala khona e-Valley - kunohlelo enyuvesi olubheka iziqalo ezifanele futhi luhlele izinhlolokhono. Ngicabanga ukuthi waze waya e-CERN kamuva.
Inkampani yaseFinland ibakhuthaza kanjani abasebenzi, yiziphi izinzuzo?
Ngaphandle kweholo elisobala (iholo), kunezinzuzo zomphakathi. Isibonelo, inani lekhefu lokubeletha labazali. Kukhona umshwalense wezempilo, amasheya, izinketho. Kukhona ukunqwabelana okungavamile kwezinsuku zeholide. Akukho okukhethekile, ngokuyisisekelo.
Sine-sauna ehhovisi lethu, isibonelo.
Kukhona namakhuphoni - inani elithile lemali yokudla kwasemini, ezokuthutha zomphakathi, imicimbi yamasiko nezemidlalo (iminyuziyamu, ezemidlalo).
Yini umfundi angayincoma ekungeneni kwe-IT?
Phinda isifundo sesikole bese ufaka i-HSE? Abahleli bavame ukuba nesizinda sezibalo/Ama-Olympiad...
Ngeluleka, kunjalo, ukuthuthukisa izibalo zakho. Kodwa akudingekile ukuphinda inkambo yesikole. Ngokuqondile, kufanele iphindwe kuphela uma ungakhumbuli lutho nhlobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, udinga ukunquma ukuthi iyiphi i-IT ofuna ukungena kuyo. Ukuze ube umthuthukisi ophambili, awudingi ukwazi izibalo: udinga nje ukuthatha izifundo eziphambili futhi ufunde. Umngane wami usanda kunquma ukubhalisa izifundo ezivela ku-Accenture, okwamanje ufunda i-Scala; Akayena umuntu ofundisa abantu, kodwa wayengenaso isipiliyoni sokuhlela. Kuya ngokuthi yini ofuna ukuyihlela nokuthi yini, udinga inani elihlukile lezibalo. Kunjalo, okukhethekile koMshini Wokufunda kudinga izibalo, ngandlela thize. Kodwa, uma nje ufuna ukuzama, kunezifundo eziningi ezahlukene, ulwazi oluvulekile, izindawo lapho ungadlala khona ngenethiwekhi ye-neural noma uzakhele ngokwakho, noma ulande esenziwe ngomumo, shintsha imingcele futhi ubone ukuthi ishintsha kanjani. Konke kuncike ekutheni ugqozi lunamandla kangakanani.
Uma kungeyona imfihlo - amaholo, isipiliyoni, ubhala ngani?
Ngibhala ngePython - iwulimi lomhlaba wonke lokufunda ngomshini nesayensi yedatha. Okuhlangenwe nakho - kwaba nokuhlangenwe nakho okuhlukahlukene; Ngangingunjiniyela olula ezinkampanini eziningana, ngangise-internship izinyanga ezimbalwa eMoscow. Angizange ngibe nomsebenzi wesikhathi esigcwele ngaphambi kwe-Unity. Nami ngafika khona njenge intern, ngasebenza 9 months, ngahlaba ikhefu, manje senginonyaka ngisebenza. Iholo liyancintisana, ngaphezu kwe-median yesifunda. Uchwepheshe osaqalayo uzozuza ku-3500 EUR; Lokhu kuyehluka enkampanini nenkampani. Ngokuvamile, i-3.5-4 iyiholo lokuqala.
Yiziphi izincwadi nezifundiso ozitusayo?
Angithandi ikakhulukazi ukufunda ezincwadini - kubalulekile kimi ukuthi ngizame ukuhamba; landa okuthile osekwenziwe bese uzama ngokwakho. Ngizibheka njengomuntu othanda ukuhlola, ngakho-ke angikwazi ukusiza ngezincwadi. Kodwa ngibuke ezinye izingxoxo nokusakazwa bukhoma lapha, lapho isikhulumi sesibili sikhuluma kabanzi mayelana nezincwadi.
Kukhona okokufundisa okuhlukahlukene. Uma ufuna ukuzama i-algorithm, thatha igama le-algorithm, indlela, amakilasi endlela, bese ulifaka ekusesheni. Noma yini evela njengesixhumanisi sokuqala, bese ubheka.
Ihlala isikhathi esingakanani ihlanzekile?
Ngemuva kwentela - kufanele uthathe izintela kanye no-8% (okungeyona intela, kodwa intela) - 2/3 weholo uhlala. Izinga liyaguquguquka - uma uzuza kakhulu, intela iyanda.
Yiziphi izinkampani ezifaka isicelo sokukhangisa?
Udinga ukuqonda ukuthi Izikhangiso Zobumbano / Zobumbano zibandakanyeka ekukhangiseni imidlalo yeselula. Okusho ukuthi, sine-niche, siyazi kahle kakhulu imidlalo yeselula, ungayakha ku-Unity. Uma usubhale umdlalo, ufuna ukwenza imali ngawo, futhi ukwenza imali kuyindlela eyodwa.
Noma iyiphi inkampani ingafaka isicelo sokukhangisa - izitolo eziku-inthanethi, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukene zezezimali. Wonke umuntu udinga ukukhangisa. Ngokukhethekile, amakhasimende ethu amakhulu abathuthukisi begeyimu yeselula.
Yimaphi amaphrojekthi okufanele uwenze ukuze uthuthukise amakhono akho?
Umbuzo omuhle. Uma sikhuluma ngesayensi yedatha, udinga ukuzithuthukisa ngesifundo esiku-inthanethi (isibonelo, iStanford inayo) noma inyuvesi eku-inthanethi. Kukhona amapulatifomu ahlukahlukene okudingeka uwakhokhele - isibonelo, i-Udacity. Kukhona umsebenzi wesikole, amavidiyo, ukuqeqeshwa, kodwa injabulo ayishibhile.
Lapho izithakazelo zakho zincipha (isibonelo, uhlobo oluthile lokufunda oluqinisayo), kuba nzima kakhulu ukuthola amaphrojekthi. Ungazama ukubamba iqhaza emiqhudelwaneni ye-kaggle: iya ku-kaggle.com, kunemiqhudelwano eminingi ehlukene yokufunda ngomshini lapho. Uthatha okuthile osekuvele kunohlobo oluthile lwesisekelo esinamathiselwe kukho; download futhi uqale ukukwenza. Okusho ukuthi, kunezindlela eziningi: ungafunda wedwa, ungathatha isifundo se-inthanethi - mahhala noma esikhokhelwayo, ungabamba iqhaza emiqhudelwaneni. Uma ufuna ukufuna umsebenzi ku-Facebook, Google, njalo njalo, udinga ukufunda indlela yokuxazulula izinkinga ze-algorithmic - okungukuthi, udinga ukuya ku-LeetCode, uthole amakhono akho lapho ukuze uphumelele izingxoxo.
Chaza umgwaqo omfushane wokuqeqeshwa kokufunda ngomshini?
Ngizokutshela kahle, ngaphandle kokuzenza uwonke wonke. Uqale wenze izifundo zezibalo e-uni, udinga ulwazi nokuqonda i-algebra yomugqa, amathuba kanye nezibalo. Ngemva kwalokho, othile ukutshela nge-ML; uma uhlala edolobheni elikhulu, kufanele kube nezikole ezinikeza izifundo ze-ML. Okudume kakhulu yi-SHAD, Yandex School of Data Analysis. Uma uphase futhi ungafunda iminyaka emibili, uzothola sonke isisekelo se-ML. Uzodinga ukuthuthukisa amakhono akho ocwaningweni nasemsebenzini.
Uma kukhona ezinye izinketho: isibonelo, i-Tinkov inezifundo zokufunda ngomshini nethuba lokuthola umsebenzi e-Tinkoff ngemva kokuphothula iziqu. Uma lokhu kukulungele, bhalisela lezi zifundo. Kunemikhawulo yokungena ehlukene: isibonelo, i-SHAD inezivivinyo zokungena.
Uma ungafuni ukwenza izifundo ezijwayelekile, ungaqala ngezifundo eziku-inthanethi, ezingaphezulu kokwanele. Kuncike kuwe; uma unesiNgisi esihle, esihle, kuzoba lula ukusithola. Uma kungenjalo, khona-ke mhlawumbe kukhona okuthile lapho futhi. Izinkulumo ezifanayo ze-SHAD zitholakala esidlangalaleni.
Ngemva kokuthola isisekelo setiyetha, ungakwazi ukuya phambili - for internship, ucwaningo, njalonjalo.
Kungenzeka yini ukufunda umshini wokufunda ngokwakho? Ingabe uke wahlangana nomklami onjalo?
Ngicabanga ukuthi yebo. Udinga nje ukuba nogqozi oluqinile. Umuntu angakwazi ukufunda isiNgisi yedwa, isibonelo, kodwa othile udinga ukuthatha izifundo, futhi yileyo ndlela kuphela lo muntu angafunda ngayo. Kuyafana nange-ML. Nakuba ngingamazi umdwebi wezinhlelo ofunde yonke into eyedwa, mhlawumbe anginabo nje abantu abaningi engibaziyo; bonke abangani bami bafunda ngendlela evamile. Angicabangi ukusho ukuthi udinga ukufunda i-100% ngale ndlela: into eyinhloko isifiso sakho, isikhathi sakho. Yebo, uma ungenaso isisekelo sezibalo, kuzodingeka uchithe isikhathi esiningi ukusithuthukisa.
Ngaphezu kokuqonda ukuthi kusho ukuthini ukuba usosayensi wedatha: Angenzi i-data sci mina.
encela njengocwaningo. Inkampani yethu ayiyona ilabhorethri lapho sakha khona izindlela lapho sizivalela elabhorethri izinyanga eziyisithupha. Ngisebenza ngokuqondile nokukhiqiza, futhi ngidinga amakhono onjiniyela; Ngidinga ukubhala ikhodi futhi ngibe namakhono obunjiniyela ukuze ngiqonde ukuthi yini esebenzayo. Abantu bavame ukushiya lezi zici lapho bekhuluma ngesayensi yedatha. Ziningi izindaba zabantu abanePhD ababhala amakhodi angafundeki, asabekayo, angahlelekile futhi abanezinkinga ezinkulu ngemuva kokuthatha isinqumo sokungena embonini. Okusho ukuthi, ngokuhambisana ne-Machine Learning, umuntu akufanele akhohlwe ngamakhono wobunjiniyela.
Isayensi yedatha yisikhundla esingakhulumi ngaso ngokwaso. Ungathola umsebenzi enkampanini ephathelene nesayensi yedatha, futhi uzobhala imibuzo ye-SQL, noma kuzoba nokuhlehliswa kwezinto okulula. Empeleni, lokhu futhi ukufunda ngomshini, kodwa inkampani ngayinye inokuqonda kwayo ukuthi iyini isayensi yedatha. Isibonelo, umngane wami ku-Facebook uthe isayensi yedatha yilapho abantu bamane benze ukuhlolwa kwezibalo: chofoza izinkinobho, uqoqe imiphumela bese uyethula. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, mina ngokwami ββngithuthukisa izindlela zokuguqula kanye nama-algorithms; kwezinye izinkampani lokhu okukhethekile kungabizwa ngokuthi unjiniyela wokufunda ngomshini. Izinto zingahluka ezinkampanini ezahlukene.
Imiphi imitapo yolwazi oyisebenzisayo?
Sisebenzisa i-Keras ne-TensorFlow. I-PyTorch nayo ingenzeka - lokhu akubalulekile, ikuvumela ukuthi wenze zonke izinto ezifanayo - kodwa ngesikhathi esithile kwanqunywa ukuzisebenzisa. Ngokukhiqizwa okukhona kunzima ukushintsha.
Ubumbano alugcini nje ngokuba nososayensi bedatha abathuthukisa ukuguqulwa kwama-algorithms, kodwa futhi i-GameTune iyinto lapho uthuthukisa khona amamethrikhi ngokuya ngenzuzo noma ukugcinwa usebenzisa okokufundisa okuhlukahlukene. Ake sithi othile udlale umdlalo futhi wathi: Angiqondi, anginasithakazelo - wayeka; Kulula kakhulu kwabanye, kodwa ngokuphambene nalokho, naye wayeka. Kungakho i-GameTune idingeka - isinyathelo esihlanganisa ubunzima bemidlalo ngokusekelwe kukhono lomdlali, noma umlando wegeyimu, noma ukuthi bathenga kangaki okuthile ngaphakathi nohlelo.
Kukhona futhi I-Unity Labs - ungaku-google lokho futhi. Kunevidiyo lapho uthatha khona ibhokisi lokusanhlamvu, futhi ngemuva kwalo kunemidlalo efana ne-mazes - kodwa iyahambisana neqiniso elingathandwa kwabathelisi esikubona, futhi ungakwazi ukulawula umuntu ekhadini. Kubukeka kupholile kakhulu.
Ungakhuluma ngokuqondile nge-Unity Ads. Uma unquma ukubhala umdlalo, futhi unquma ukuwushicilela futhi wenze imali, kuzodingeka uxazulule izinkinga ezinzima.
Ngizoqala ngesibonelo: I-Apple imemezele ukwethulwa kwe-iOS 14. Kuyo, umdlali ongase abe umdlali angangena kuhlelo lokusebenza futhi athi akafuni ukwabelana nge-ID Yedivayisi yakhe nanoma ubani. Nokho, uyavuma ukuthi izinga lokukhangisa lizowohloka. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuyinselele kithi ngoba uma singakwazi ukukuhlonza, ngeke sikwazi ukuqoqa amamethrikhi athile, futhi sizomane sibe nolwazi oluncane ngawe. Kuya ngokuya kuba nzima kusosayensi wedatha ukuthuthukisa umsebenzi emhlabeni ozibophezele kakhulu ekuvikeleni ubumfihlo nokuvikelwa kwedatha - kunedatha encane futhi encane, kanye nezindlela ezitholakalayo.
Ngaphezu koBumbano, kunemidondoshiya efana ne-Facebook ne-Google - futhi, kubonakala sengathi, kungani sidinga Izikhangiso Zobumbano? Kodwa udinga ukuqonda ukuthi lawa manethiwekhi okukhangisa angasebenza ngendlela ehlukile emazweni ahlukene. Uma sikhuluma, kukhona amazwe e-Tier 1 (iMelika, iCanada, i-Australia); Kukhona amazwe e-Tier 2 (e-Asia), kukhona amazwe e-Tier 2 (India, Brazil). Amanethiwekhi okukhangisa angasebenza ngendlela ehlukile kuwo. Uhlobo lokukhangisa olusetshenzisiwe nalo lubalulekile. Ingabe uhlobo oluvamile, noma ukukhangisa βokunomvuzoβ - lapho, ngokwesibonelo, ukuze uqhubeke usuka endaweni efanayo ngemva komdlalo uphela, udinga ukubuka isikhangiso. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zokukhangisa, abantu abahlukene. Kwamanye amazwe, inethiwekhi yokukhangisa eyodwa isebenza kangcono, kwamanye, enye. Futhi njengenothi elengeziwe, ngizwile ukuthi ukuhlanganiswa kwe-AdMob yakwaGoogle kuyinkimbinkimbi kune-Unity's.
Okusho ukuthi, uma udale igeyimu ku-Unity, lapho-ke uhlanganiswa ngokuzenzakalela Kuzikhangiso Zobumbano. Umehluko ukulula kokuhlanganiswa. Yini engingayincoma: kukhona into efana nokulamula; inezikhundla ezihlukene: ungasetha izikhundla "empophomeni" ukuze uthole ukubekwa kokukhangisa. Ungasho, ngokwesibonelo, lokhu: Ngifuna ukuthi i-Facebook iboniswe kuqala, bese kuba i-Google, bese kuba Unity. Futhi, uma i-Facebook ne-Google zinquma ukungabonisi izikhangiso, khona-ke i-Unity izoba khona. Uma unamanethiwekhi okukhangisa amaningi, aba ngcono. Lokhu kungathathwa njengokutshalwa kwezimali, kodwa utshala inani elihlukile lamanethiwekhi ezikhangiso ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Ungaphinda ukhulume ngalokho okubalulekile ukuze uphumelele umkhankaso wokukhangisa. Eqinisweni, akukho okukhethekile lapha: udinga ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi ukukhangisa kuhambisana nokuqukethwe kwesicelo sakho. Ungakwazi, isibonelo, ukusesha ku-YouTube "i-app ads mafia" futhi ubone ukuthi ukukhangisa kungase kungahambisani nokuqukethwe. Kukhona nohlelo lokusebenza olubizwa nge-Homescapes (noma i-Gardenscapes?). Kungase kube nendaba ukuthi umkhankaso umiswe ngendlela efanele yini: ukuze ukukhangisa ngesiNgisi kuboniswe kuzithameli ezikhuluma isiNgisi, futhi ngesiRashiya kubabukeli abakhuluma isiRashiya. Kaningi kuba namaphutha kulokhu: abantu bavele bangayiqondi, bayifaka nomaphi.
Udinga ukudala amavidiyo apholile ahlukene, ucabange ngefomethi, ucabange ukuthi uzowabuyekeza kangaki. Ezinkampanini ezinkulu, abantu abakhethekile benza lokhu - abaphathi bokutholwa kwabasebenzisi. Uma ungunjiniyela oyedwa, awukudingi lokhu, noma uyakudinga ngemva kokuthola ukukhula okuthile.
Yiziphi izinhlelo zakho zekusasa?
Ngisasebenza la engikhona manje. Mhlawumbe ngizothola ubuzwe Finnish - lokhu kungenzeka ngemva 5 iminyaka yokuhlala (uma ngaphansi kweminyaka engu-30, nawe udinga ukukhonza, uma umuntu engakwenzanga lokhu kwelinye izwe).
Kungani uthuthele eFinland?
Yebo, leli akulona izwe elidume kakhulu uchwepheshe we-IT angathuthela kulo. Abantu abaningi bahamba nemindeni ngoba kunezinzuzo ezinhle zezenhlalakahle lapha - izinkulisa, izinkulisa, nekhefu lokuyobeletha kunoma yimuphi umzali. Kungani ngizithuthele?Ngivele ngakuthanda lapha. Cishe ngingayithanda noma yikuphi, kodwa iFinland isondelene kakhulu namasiko; Kukhona umehluko neRussia, kunjalo, kodwa kukhona ukufana. Mncane, uphephile, futhi akasoze ahileleka kunoma yiziphi izinkinga ezinkulu. Lena akuyona iMelika evamile, lapho ungathola khona umongameli ongathandwa, futhi kukhona okuzoqala ngenxa yalokhu; futhi hhayi iGreat Britain, evele ifuna ukushiya i-EU, futhi kuzoba nezinkinga. Kunabantu abayizigidi ezi-5 kuphela lapha. Ngisho nobhubhane lwe-coronavirus, iFinland ibhekane kahle kakhulu neqhathaniswa namanye amazwe.
Ingabe uhlela ukubuyela eRussia?
angizukuya okwamanje. Akukho okungangivimbela ekwenzeni lokhu, kodwa ngizizwa ngikhululekile lapha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma ngisebenza eRussia, kuzodingeka ngibhalise ebuthweni lezempi, futhi ngingase ngibuthelwe.
Mayelana nezinhlelo ze-master e-Finland
Akukho okukhethekile. Uma sikhuluma ngokuqukethwe izinkulumo, kumane kuyisethi yamaslayidi; kukhona i-theory material, i-seminar with practice, lapho le thiyori ilolongwa khona, bese kuba ukuhlolwa kwazo zonke lezi zinto (ithiyori kanye nemisebenzi).
Isici: ngeke baxoshwe ohlelweni lwe-master. Uma ungaphumelelanga ukuhlolwa, uzomane wenze lesi sifundo kusemester elandelayo. Kunomkhawulo kuphela ngesikhathi esiphelele sokufunda: ngeziqu ze-bachelor - hhayi ngaphezulu kweminyaka eyi-7, ngeziqu ze-master - iminyaka emi-4. Ungakwazi ukuqeda kalula yonke into eminyakeni emibili, ngaphandle kwesifundo esisodwa, futhi uyilule ngaphezu kweminyaka emi-2, noma uthathe izifundo zemfundo.
Ingabe umsebenzi eMoscow naseFinland uhluke kakhulu?
Bengingeke ngisho. Izinkampani ze-IT ezifanayo, imisebenzi efanayo. Ngokwemibandela yamasiko nansuku zonke, kulula, umsebenzi useduze, idolobha lincane. Isitolo sokudla sikumzuzu owodwa ukusuka kimi, ijimu yizintathu, umsebenzi ungamashumi amabili nanhlanu, umnyango nomnyango. Ngiyawathanda amasayizi; Angikaze ngihlale emadolobheni athokomele kanjena, lapho yonke into iseduze. Imvelo enhle, ulwandle luseduze.
Kodwa mayelana nomsebenzi, ngicabanga ukuthi yonke into, ukuhlanganisa noma ukususa, kuyafana. Mayelana nemakethe yezabasebenzi ye-IT eFinland, mayelana nokufunda ngomshini, abanye bayaqaphela ukuthi kochwepheshe obuhlobene ne-ML, i-PhD noma okungenani idigri ye-master iyadingeka. Ngikholwa ukuthi lokhu kuzoshintsha esikhathini esizayo esibonakalayo. Kusekhona ubandlululo lapha: uma uneziqu ze-bachelor's, awukwazi ukuba uchwepheshe oqeqeshiwe, kodwa uma uneziqu ze-master's, unekhono futhi ungasebenza. Futhi uma une-PhD, khona-ke yonke into ipholile ngokuphelele, futhi ungenza ucwaningo lwe-IT. Nakuba, kubonakala kimi, ngisho nabantu abaqedile i-PhD yabo bangase bangahlanganiswa ngokuphelele embonini, futhi bangase bangaqondi ukuthi imboni akuyona nje i-algorithms nezindlela, kodwa futhi ibhizinisi. Uma ungaliqondi ibhizinisi, ngakho-ke angazi ukuthi ungayikhulisa kanjani inkampani futhi uqonde ukuthi yonke le meta-system isebenza kanjani.
Ngakho-ke umqondo wokuthuthela esikoleni esiphakeme futhi uthole umsebenzi ngokushesha unzima kakhulu; uma uthuthela eFinland uneziqu ze-bachelor's, awunagama. Udinga ukuba nolwazi oluthile lomsebenzi ukuze uthi: Ngisebenze eYandex, Mail, Kaspersky Lab, njll.
Ungaphila kanjani ku-500 EUR eFinland?
Ungaphila. Uma ungumfundi, udinga ukuqonda ukuthi ngeke ube nomfundaze; I-EU ingahlinzeka ngemali, kodwa kuphela kubafundi abashintshayo. Uma ungena enyuvesi eFinland, udinga ukuqonda ukuthi uzophila kanjani. Kunezinketho eziningi; uma ubhalisa ohlelweni lwe-master's track track ye-PhD (okungukuthi, kanyekanye ohlelweni lwe-masters kanye ne-PhD), khona-ke kusukela ngonyaka wokuqala uzokwenza umsebenzi wokucwaninga futhi uthole imali ngawo.
Kuncane, kepha kuzokwanela kumfundi. Inketho yesibili umsebenzi wetoho; isibonelo, bengingumsizi wokufundisa esifundweni esithile futhi ngihola i-400 EUR ngenyanga.
Ngendlela, iFinland inezinzuzo ezinhle zabafundi. Ungangena endlini yokulala ngama-300 noma ama-200 EUR igumbi ngalinye, ungadlela kuma-canteens wabafundi ngentengo engashintshi (yonke into oyibeka epuletini lakho ingu-2.60 EUR). Abanye bazama ukudla kwasekuseni, kwasemini kanye nokudla kwakusihlwa endlini yokudlela isikhathi esingu-2.60; uma wenza lokhu, ungaphila nge-500 EUR. Kodwa lokhu ubuncane obungenalutho.
Ungaya kuphi uma ufuna ukuba wuhlelo?
Ungakwazi ukubhalisa ku-Faculty of Computer Science e-Higher School of Economics, eMoscow Institute of Physics and Technology - FIVT kanye ne-FUPM, noma iComputer Science and Computing Committee yaseMoscow State University, isibonelo. Ungathola okuthile eSt. Petersburg. Kodwa angisazi isimo esiqondile ngokufunda komshini, zama uku-googling lesi sihloko.
Ngifuna ukusho ukuthi ukuba wumhleli wezinhlelo, ukuqeqeshwa kukodwa akwanele. Kubalulekile ukuba umuntu oxhumana naye, kumnandi ukukhuluma naye, ukuze wenze othintana nabo ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Oxhumana nabo banganquma. Izincomo zomuntu siqu enkampanini zinikeza inzuzo ebonakalayo ngaphezu kwabanye abafake izicelo; ungakwazi ukumane weqe ukuhlolwa komqashi.
Ngokwemvelo, impilo eFinland ayiyona into enhle kakhulu - ngathutha, futhi konke kwaphola ngokushesha. Noma yimuphi umfuduki usahlangabezana nokushaqeka ngokwesiko. Amazwe ahlukene anabantu abehlukene, izingqondo ezahlukene, imithetho ehlukene. Isibonelo, lapha udinga ukunakekela izintela ngokwakho - gcwalisa ikhadi lentela ngokwakho; ukuthenga imoto, ukuqasha ikhayaβizinto eziningi zisebenza ngendlela ehlukile. Kunzima impela uma unquma ukuthutha. Abantu balapha abayona inhlalakahle kakhulu, isimo sezulu sifana neSt. Abanye baze bacindezeleke lapha; beza ngokuzethemba ukuthi badingeka kakhulu lapha, kodwa lokhu kuvela ukuthi akunjalo, futhi badinga ukuthola imali ngokudlala ngemithetho yomunye umuntu. Kuhlale kuyingozi. Kuhlale kunethuba lokuthi kuzomele ubuyele emuva ngoba ngeke ulunge.
Isiphi iseluleko ongasinikeza abafuna ukwenza izinhlelo?
Ngikweluleka ukuthi uzame abaningi ngangokunokwenzeka, ukuze uqonde ukuthi yini okuthakaselayo ngempela. Zama ukungabambeki endaweni eyodwa: zama ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Android, i-frontend/backend, i-Java, i-Javascript, i-ML, nezinye izinto. Futhi, njengoba ngishilo kakade, udinga ukusebenza, wenze ukuxhumana, ube nesithakazelo kulokho okwenzekayo; okwenziwa ngabangane, ozakwethu, abantu obajwayele. Iya kuma-workshops, amasemina, izinkulumo, uhlangane nabantu. Uma uba nokuxhumana okuningi, kuba lula ukuqonda ukuthi yiziphi izinto ezithokozisayo ezenzekayo.
Ikuphi enye indawo lapho i-Unity isetshenziswa khona ngaphandle kwemidlalo?
Ubumbano luzama ukuyeka ukuba injini yegeyimu emsulwa. Isibonelo, isetshenziselwa ukunikeza amavidiyo e-CGI: uma uthuthukisa imoto, isibonelo, futhi ufuna ukwenza isikhangiso, uzofuna ukwenza ividiyo enhle. Ngizwile ukuthi i-Unity isetshenziselwa ukuhlela izakhiwo. Okusho ukuthi, nomaphi lapho kudingeka khona ukubonwa ngeso, i-Unity ingasetshenziswa. Uma usebenzisa i-google, ungathola izibonelo ezithakazelisayo.
Uma ufuna ukubuza umbuzo, zizwe ukhululekile ukungithola kuwo wonke amanethiwekhi omphakathi.
Kwenzekani ngaphambili
- USania Galimova, umthengisi e-RUVDS - indlela yokuphila nokusebenza ngokuxilongwa kwengqondo. . .
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Source: www.habr.com