Unyaka wonke, abantu baseRussia baya njalo ngamaholide - amaholide kaNcibijane, amaholide kaMeyi nezinye izimpelasonto ezimfushane. Futhi lesi yisikhathi sendabuko sama-serial marathons, ukuthenga okuzenzakalelayo nokuthengisa ku-Steam. Ngesikhathi sangaphambi kweholide, izinkampani ezidayisayo nezokuthutha zingaphansi kwengcindezi eyengeziwe: abantu ba-oda izipho ezitolo eziku-inthanethi, bakhokhele ukulethwa kwazo, bathenge amathikithi ohambo, futhi baxhumane. Ukuphakama kwekhalenda elifunwayo nakho kuwukuhlola okuhle kokucindezeleka kumasinema aku-inthanethi, izingosi zemidlalo, ukusingathwa kwevidiyo kanye nezinsizakalo zomculo osakazwayo - zonke zisebenza ngemikhawulo yazo ngesikhathi samaholide.
Sizokutshela ukuthi ungaqinisekisa kanjani ukutholakala okungaphazanyiswa kokuqukethwe kusetshenziswa isibonelo sesinema eku-inthanethi ye-Okko, encike emandleni esikhungo sedatha se-Linxdatacenter.
Phambilini, ngenxa yokwanda kokusetshenziswa kwesizini, kwathengwa imishini eyengeziwe ukuze isetshenziswe endaweni, kanye “nendawo egciniwe.” Kodwa-ke, lapho kufika "Isikhathi H", ngokuvamile kwavela ukuthi izinkampani azikwazanga noma azinaso isikhathi sokubhekana nokucushwa okulungile kwamaseva nezinhlelo zokulondoloza ngokwazo. Kwakungenakwenzeka ukuxazulula lezi zinkinga njengoba izimo eziphuthumayo zazikhula. Ngemva kwesikhashana, ukuqonda kwafika: iziqongo zesidingo sokuqukethwe kanye nezinsizakalo ze-intanethi zisingathwa ngokuphelele ngosizo lwezinsiza zezinkampani zangaphandle, ezingathengwa kusetshenziswa imodeli yokukhokha njengoba uhamba - inkokhelo yevolumu yangempela esetshenzisiwe.
Namuhla, cishe zonke izinkampani ezibona kusengaphambili ukwanda kwesidingo sezinsiza zazo ngesikhathi samaholide (okuthiwa ukuqhuma) zi-oda kusengaphambili ukunwetshwa kwamandla wesiteshi sokuxhumana. Lezo zinkampani ezisabalalisa izinhlelo zokusebenza nezizindalwazi ezinsizeni zesikhungo sedatha zandisa amandla ekhompuyutha emafini ngesikhathi seziqongo zamaholide, ngaphezu kwalokho zi-oda imishini ebonakalayo edingekayo, umthamo wokugcina, njll. ezikhungweni zedatha.
Ungaphuthelwa kanjani umaki ezibalweni
Ukulungiselela imithwalo ephezulu, umsebenzi odidiyelwe phakathi komhlinzeki neklayenti ubalulekile. Amaphuzu ayinhloko kulo msebenzi ahlanganisa isibikezelo esinembile sokukhuphuka komthwalo ngokuya kwesikhathi nevolumu, ukuhlela ngokucophelela kanye nekhwalithi yokuxhumana nozakwethu ngaphakathi kwesikhungo sedatha, kanye nethimba lochwepheshe be-IT ohlangothini lwabahlinzeki bokuqukethwe.
Izixazululo eziningi zisiza ukuhlela ukwabiwa okusheshayo kwezinsiza ezidingekayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi isiqephu esisha sochungechunge lwe-TV oyintandokazi yakho asimi esikrinini sethebhulethi yakho.
- Okokuqala, lezi zilinganisi zomthwalo womsebenzi: lezi izixazululo zesofthiwe eziqapha ngokucophelela izinga lomthwalo wamaseva, amasistimu okugcina kanye namanethiwekhi, okukuvumela ukuba uthuthukise ukusebenza kwesistimu ngayinye yomsebenzi owenziwayo. Abalinganisi bahlola izinga lokutholakala kwakho kokubili i-hardware nemishini ebonakalayo, ukuvimbela ukusebenza kwesistimu ekunikeleni ngakolunye uhlangothi, nokuvimbela ingqalasizinda "ekushiseni ngokweqile" futhi yehlise ijubane, ngakolunye. Ngale ndlela, izinga elithile lezinsiza ezigciniwe liyagcinwa, elingadluliselwa ngokushesha ukuze kuxazululwe izinkinga eziphuthumayo (ukweqa okubukhali kwezicelo ku-portal ngokuqukethwe kwevidiyo, ukwanda kwama-oda womkhiqizo othile, njll.).
- Okwesibili, i-CDN. Lobu buchwepheshe buvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bathole okuqukethwe kuphothali ngaphandle kokulibaziseka ngokufinyelela kukho ukusuka endaweni eseduze nomsebenzisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-CDN iqeda umthelela omubi ezinqubweni zokudluliselwa kwethrafikhi okubangelwa ukuminyana kweziteshi, amakhefu okuxhumana, ukulahlekelwa kwamaphakethe ezimpambanweni zeziteshi, njll.
U-Okko obona konke
Ake sibheke isibonelo se-cinema ye-intanethi ye-Okko elungiselela amaholide, sisebenzisa amasayithi ethu eMoscow naseSt.
Ngokusho kuka-Alexey Golubev, umqondisi wezobuchwepheshe we-Okko, enkampanini, ngaphezu kwamaholide ekhalenda (inkathi ephezulu), kunezikhathi lapho kukhishwa khona ukukhishwa kwefilimu enkulu evela kuma-majors amakhulu:
“Minyaka yonke ngesikhathi samaholidi, umthamo wezimoto zika-Okko ucishe uphindwe kabili uma uqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule. Ngakho-ke, uma inkathi Yonyaka Omusha odlule umthamo omkhulu wokuphakama wawuyi-80 Gbit / s, ngakho-ke ngo-2018/19 sasilindele i-160 - ukukhuphuka okuphindwe kabili kwendabuko. Nokho, sithole ngaphezu kuka-200 Gbit/s!”
U-Okko uhlala elungiselela umthwalo omkhulu kancane kancane, unyaka wonke, njengengxenye yephrojekthi ebizwa ngokuthi "Unyaka Omusha". Ngaphambilini, u-Okko wayesebenzisa ingqalasizinda yakhe; inkampani ineqoqo layo lokulethwa kokuqukethwe, ku-hardware yayo kanye nesofthiwe yayo. Ngokuhamba konyaka, ochwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe bakwa-Okko kancane kancane bathenga amaseva amasha futhi bakhulisa ukusebenza kweqoqo labo, belindele ukuphindeka kabili kokukhula konyaka. Ukwengeza, ama-uplink amasha nama-opharetha axhunyiwe - ngaphezu kwabadlali abakhulu abafana ne-Rostelecom, i-Megafon ne-MTS, amaphuzu okushintshaniswa kwethrafikhi kanye nama-opharetha amancane kakhulu nawo axhunyiwe. Le ndlela yokwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuletha isevisi enanini eliphezulu lamakhasimende esebenzisa umzila omfushane kakhulu.
Ngonyaka odlule, ngemva kokuhlaziya izindleko zemishini, izindleko zabasebenzi zokwandisa nokuqhathanisa nezindleko zokusebenzisa ama-CDN ezinkampani zangaphandle, u-Okko waqaphela ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sokuzama imodeli yokusabalalisa i-hybrid. Ukulandela ukukhula okuphindwe kabili ngesikhathi samaholide kaNcibijane, kukhona ukwehla kwezimoto, kanti uFebhuwari yinkathi ephansi kakhulu. Futhi kuvele ukuthi imishini yakho ayisebenzi ngalesi sikhathi. Ehlobo, ukwehla kuyancipha, futhi ngenkathi yasekwindla kuqala ukukhuphuka okusha. Ngakho-ke, ekulungiseleleni i-2019 entsha, u-Okko uthathe umzila ohlukile: baguqule isofthiwe yabo ukuze bakwazi ukusabalalisa umthwalo hhayi kubo kuphela, kodwa nakuma-CDN angaphandle (Inethiwekhi Yokulethwa Kokuqukethwe). Ama-CDN amabili anjalo axhunyiwe, lapho ithrafikhi eyeqile "yahlanganiswa". Umkhawulokudonsa wangaphakathi wengqalasizinda ye-IT ka-Okko wawulungele ukumelana nalokho kukhula okuphindwe kabili, kodwa uma kwenzeka kuba nokunqwabelana kwezinsiza, ama-CDN wozakwethu alungiswa.
“Isinqumo sokungakhulisi i-CDN sisindise u-Okko cishe u-20% wesabelomali sakhe sokusabalalisa ku-CAPEX. Futhi, inkampani isindise izinyanga ezimbalwa zamadoda ngokushintsha umsebenzi wokusetha imishini emahlombe kazakwethu. ” - Alexey Golubev ukuphawula.
Iqoqo lokusabalalisa (i-CDN yangaphakathi) e-Okko isetshenziswa ezindaweni ezimbili ze-Linxdatacenter eMoscow naseSt. Ukufakwa kwesibuko okugcwele kwakho kokubili okuqukethwe kanye ne-caching yayo (ama-node okusabalalisa) kunikezwa. Ngokuvumelana nalokho, isikhungo sedatha saseMoscow sicubungula iMoscow nezifunda eziningana zaseRussia, futhi isikhungo sedatha saseSt. Petersburg sicubungula iNorth-West kanye nezwe lonke. Ukulinganisa akwenzeki kuphela ngokwesifunda, kodwa futhi kuya ngomthwalo osemakhaleni esikhungweni esithile sedatha; ukuba khona kwe-movie kunqolobane nezinye izici eziningi nazo ziyabhekwa.
I-architecture yesevisi eyandisiwe ibonakala kanje emdwebeni:
Ukwesekwa ngokomzimba, isevisi nokuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo kuqukethe cishe ama-rack ayishumi eSt. Petersburg nama-racks amaningana eMoscow. Kunamaseva ambalwa ayishumi nambili okwenziwa ngokoqobo kanye namaseva acishe abe ngamakhulu amabili “ezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha” zayo yonke enye into - ukusatshalaliswa, ukusekelwa kwesevisi kanye nengqalasizinda yehhovisi. Ukusebenzisana komhlinzeki wokuqukethwe nesikhungo sedatha phakathi nezikhathi zokulayisha okuphezulu akufani nomsebenzi wamanje. Konke ukuxhumana kunqunyelwe esicelweni senkonzo yokusekela, futhi uma kunesimo esiphuthumayo, ngokushaya ucingo.
Namuhla, siseduze kakhulu kunangaphambili esimweni sokusetshenziswa kokuqukethwe okuku-inthanethi okungaphazamiseki okungu-100% ngempela, njengoba bonke ubuchwepheshe obudingekayo kulokhu sebukhona kakade. Ukuthuthukiswa kokusakaza ku-inthanethi kwenzeka ngokushesha okukhulu. Ukuthandwa kwamamodeli asemthethweni wokusetshenziswa kokuqukethwe kuyakhula: Abasebenzisi baseRussia kancane kancane baqala ukujwayela iqiniso lokuthi badinga ukukhokhela okuqukethwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, hhayi okwesinema kuphela, kodwa nomculo, izincwadi, nezinto zokufundisa ezikuyi-Internet. Futhi mayelana nalokhu, ukulethwa kokuqukethwe okuhluke kakhulu kanye nokubambezeleka kwenethiwekhi okuphansi kuyisici esibaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwezinsizakalo ze-inthanethi. Futhi umsebenzi wethu, njengabahlinzeki besevisi, ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zezinsiza ngesikhathi nangezibekelwe.
Source: www.habr.com