I-LoRaWAN ubuchwepheshe obuthola ukuduma ngokushesha emkhakheni wezixazululo ze-inthanethi Yezinto. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kumakhasimende amaningi kuhlala kuncane okufundwayo futhi okungavamile, yingakho kunezinganekwane eziningi kanye nemibono eyiphutha ezungezile. Ngo-2018, iRussia yamukela izichibiyelo kumthetho wokusetshenziswa kwamafrikhwensi e-LoRaWAN, okwandisa amathuba okusebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe ngaphandle kwelayisensi. Sikholelwa ukuthi manje isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokuqala ukusebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe ukuxazulula izinkinga zangempela zebhizinisi.
Kulesi sihloko sizobheka izimiso eziyisisekelo ze-LoRaWAN, izinketho zokwakha inethiwekhi yakho nokusebenzisa abahlinzeki bezinkampani zangaphandle, futhi sikhulume ngemikhiqizo yethu esekela i-LoRaWAN.
Yini i-LoRaWAN
I-LoRaWAN isethi yezimiso eziyisisekelo ezichaza izendlalelo zokudluliswa kwedatha ephathekayo nenethiwekhi yamadivayisi anamandla aphansi, anamandla aphansi asebenza ebangeni elide. Isifinyezo esithi LoRa sisho i-Long Range, okungukuthi, amabanga amade okudlulisa idatha, futhi i-WAN (Inethiwekhi Yendawo Ebanzi) isho ukuthi umthetho olandelwayo ubuye uchaze isendlalelo senethiwekhi.
Ngokungafani nezindinganiso zokuxhumana ezingenantambo ze-GSM/3G/LTE/WiFi ezaziwa kakhulu, i-LoRaWAN ekuqaleni yayiklanyelwe ukuhlinzeka ngenani elikhulu lamadivayisi asebenzisa amandla aphansi ngasikhathi sinye. Ngakho-ke, ukugcizelelwa okuyinhloko kuwukungavikeleki ekuphazamiseni, ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kanye nobubanzi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amazinga aphezulu okudluliswa kwedatha akhawulelwe kumakhilobhithi ambalwa ngomzuzwana.
Njengenethiwekhi yeselula, i-LoRaWAN inamadivayisi abhalisile neziteshi eziyisisekelo. Ibanga lokuxhumana phakathi kwedivayisi yobhalisile kanye nesiteshi esiyisisekelo lingafinyelela ku-10 km. Kulesi simo, amadivaysi abhalisile ngokuvamile azinika amandla ibhethri futhi isikhathi esiningi akumodi yokonga amandla, evuka ngezikhathi ezithile ukushintshanisa idatha yesikhashana neseva. Isibonelo, amamitha amanzi angavuka kanye njalo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa futhi adlulisele inani lamanje levolumu esetshenzisiwe yamanzi kuseva, futhi ahlale kumodi yokulala sonke isikhathi. Le ndlela yenza kube nokwenzeka ukuthola amadivaysi asebenza iminyaka eminingana ngaphandle kwesidingo sokushintsha amabhethri. Umsebenzi wamadivayisi we-LoRaWAN uwukudlulisa/ukwamukela idatha edingekayo kusuka esiteshini esiyisisekelo ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka futhi ukhulule amaza omoya kwamanye amadivaysi, ngakho inethiwekhi inemithetho eqinile yesikhathi esithathwe emoyeni. Amadivayisi adlulisela idatha kuphela ngemva kokuthola isiqinisekiso esivela esiteshini esiyisisekelo, lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ulawule umthwalo kumaza omoya ohlangothini lweseva futhi usabalalise ngokulinganayo izikhathi zokushintshana kwedatha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Izinga le-LoRa lichaza isendlalelo esibonakalayo, ukuguqulwa kwesignali kububanzi befrikhwensi 433 MHz, 868 MHz eYurophu, 915 MHz Australia/America kanye no-923 MHz Asia. E-Russia, i-LoRaWAN isebenzisa ibhendi engu-868 MHz.
Isebenza kanjani i-LoRaWAN
Njengoba i-LoRaWAN isebenza ebangeni elingagunyaziwe, yenza kube lula kakhulu ukuthunyelwa kwenethiwekhi yayo eneziteshi eziyisisekelo, lapho asikho isidingo sokuncika kubaqhubi bezingcingo. Ngaphezu kokuphakela eyakho inethiwekhi, ungasebenzisa amanethiwekhi ama-opharetha akhona. Abahlinzeki be-LoRaWAN sebevele bekhona emhlabeni wonke futhi basanda kuqala ukuvela eRussia, isibonelo u-opharetha kunethiwekhi yakho ye-LoRaWAN emadolobheni amaningi.
E-Russia, i-LoRaWAN ivamise ukusebenza ku-866-869 MHz, ububanzi besiteshi esiphezulu esithathwa idivayisi eyodwa yababhalisile ngu-125 kHz. Yilokhu ukushintshana kwedatha ngephrothokholi ye-LoRaWAN kubukeka ku-spectrogram eqoshwe umsebenzisi we-habra u-Ruslan Nadyrshin ngosizo lwe-SDR.
E-Russia, kusukela ngo-2018, izichibiyelo zemithetho ziye zamukelwa ezinciphisa kakhulu imingcele ekusetshenzisweni kwamafrikhwensi angama-868 MHz. Ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nezinkambiso ezintsha zomthetho ezilawula amaza e-LoRaWAN e-Russia .
Isiteshi esiyisisekelo - kumatemu ezindinganiso ze-LoRaWAN ibizwa ngokuthi isango noma ihabhu. Ngokwenhloso, le divayisi iyafana neziteshi eziyisisekelo zamanethiwekhi eselula eselula: imishini yokugcina ixhumeka kuyo futhi ilandele imiyalelo yayo yokukhetha amashaneli, amandla, kanye nezikhala zesikhathi sokudluliswa kwedatha. Iziteshi eziyisisekelo zixhunywe kuseva yesofthiwe ephakathi nendawo, ekwazi ukufinyelela kusimo senethiwekhi iyonke, ephathelene nokuhlela imvamisa, njll.
Ngokuvamile, iziteshi eziyisisekelo ze-LoRaWAN zixhunywe emandleni amile futhi zinokufinyelela ku-inthanethi okuzinzile. I-Advantech inikeza amamodeli ambalwa eziteshi eziyisisekelo zochungechunge lwe-LoRaWAN enomthamo wamadivayisi abhalisile ayi-100 nangama-500, kanye nekhono lokuxhuma ku-inthanethi nge-Ethernet ne-LTE.
Idivayisi yobhalisile - idivayisi yeklayenti enamandla aphansi, ngokuvamile ezisebenza yona ngokwayo. Isikhathi esiningi kuba kumodi yokonga amandla ebuthongweni. Isebenzisana nesiphakeli sohlelo lokusebenza esikude ukudlulisa/ukwamukela idatha. Igcina okhiye bokubethela ukuze kuqinisekiswe esiteshini esiyisisekelo kanye neseva yohlelo lokusebenza. Kungaba ngaphakathi kwendawo ekhavayo yeziteshi ezimbalwa eziyisisekelo. Inamathela ngokuqinile emithethweni yokusebenza emoyeni etholwe esiteshini sesisekelo. Amadivayisi I-Advantech amatheminali e-I/O emojula, anezixhumanisi ezihlukahlukene ze-analog nedijithali/okukhiphayo kanye nezixhumanisi ze-serial ze-RS-485/232.
Ikhasimende lingasebenzisa iziteshi zalo eziyisisekelo ze-LoRaWAN noma lisebenzise amanethiwekhi akhona ama-opharetha ezinkampani zangaphandle
Inethiwekhi yomphakathi ye-LoRaWAN
Kulesi sakhiwo, amadivaysi axhunywe kunethiwekhi yomphakathi yenkampani yangaphandle. Iklayenti lidinga kuphela ukuthenga izisetshenziswa zababhalisile futhi lingene esivumelwaneni nomhlinzeki futhi lithole okhiye bokufinyelela kunethiwekhi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, iklayenti lincike ngokuphelele ekufakweni komqhubi.
Khumbula ukuthi inethiwekhi yomphakathi ye-LoRaWAN ingaba nemikhawulo eqinile ngesikhathi somoya ucingo olungasithatha, ngakho-ke ezinhlelweni ezidinga ukushintshaniswa kwedatha okuvamile, lawo nethiwekhi angase angafanelekile.
Ngaphambi kokuthumela idatha, idivayisi icela imvume yokudlulisa, futhi kuphela uma isiteshi esiyisisekelo siphendula ngokuqinisekisa, ukushintshana kuzokwenzeka.
Lapho kusetshenziswa inethiwekhi ye-LoRaWAN yenkampani yangaphandle, iklayenti lisebenzisa ingqalasizinda yesiteshi somunye umuntu futhi lincike ekumbozweni komhlinzeki kanye nemikhawulo yalo yokudluliswa kwedatha.
Le ndlela ifaneleka, isibonelo, lapho ushintsha amadivayisi abhalisile ezindaweni zasemadolobheni lapho ingqalasizinda edingekayo isivele ikhona. Isibonelo, ukufaka izinzwa ezakhiweni zokuhlala kanye nenani elincane ledatha edlulisiwe, yokuqoqa idatha kusuka kumamitha kagesi noma ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi. Amadivayisi anjalo angadlulisela idatha kanye njalo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa.
Inethiwekhi ye-LoRaWAN yangasese
Lapho kuthunyelwa inethiwekhi yangasese, ikhasimende lifaka ngokuzimele iziteshi eziyisisekelo futhi lihlele ukufakwa. Le ndlela ilungile uma udinga ukulawula okuphelele kunethiwekhi, noma kumasayithi lapho u-opharetha engekho khona.
Kunethiwekhi yangasese, ikhasimende linokulawula okuphelele kungqalasizinda
Kulesi sakhiwo, ikhasimende lenza utshalomali lwesikhathi esisodwa kumishini yokuphakela iziteshi eziyisisekelo futhi alisancikile kumasevisi naku-opharetha bezinkampani zangaphandle. Lolu khetho lufanele ukwakha inethiwekhi ezindaweni ezikude zezolimo, izindawo zokukhiqiza, njll. Ukuba nenethiwekhi yakho kwenza kube lula ukukala ingqalasizinda ekhona, ukwandisa ukukhava, inombolo yamadivayisi abhalisile kanye nevolumu yedatha edlulisiwe.
Amatheminali e-I/O yababhalisile
Π’Π΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ
- Izinguqulo zawo wonke amabhendi efrikhwensi e-LoRaWAN
- Ibanga lokuxhumana elinesisekelo kufika ku-5km
- Amamojula okunweba okuxhumana amadivaysi e-peripheral
- Yakhiwe 4000mAh ibhethri
- Imodyuli ye-GPS (Galileo/BeiDou/GLONASS)
- Ukuvikelwa kwe-IP65
- Ukuhlela nge-USB
Amadivayisi ochungechunge amatheminali ajwayelekile okuxhumanisa amadivaysi ahlukahlukene okujikeleza kunethiwekhi ye-LoRaWAN. Ngosizo lwazo, ungakwazi ukuqoqa idatha kusuka kunoma yiziphi izinzwa zedijithali neze-analog, ezifana namathemomitha, ama-hygrometers, ama-barometers, ama-accelerometer, njll., futhi ulawule amanye amadivayisi nge-RS-232/485 interface. Inebhethri elakhelwe ngaphakathi elingu-4000mA, elingasebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo kuze kube yizinyanga eziyisithupha. Ihlanganisa namaphaneli elanga ukuze ishaje ibhethri. Isamukeli se-GPS esakhelwe ngaphakathi sikuvumela ukuthi unqume ngokunembile indawo yedivayisi, eyenza ukubalwa kwezimali nokufaka kube lula: amadivaysi angafakwa ngaphandle kokungena ku-database kuqala, futhi ngemva kokufakwa axhunywe ngokuzenzakalelayo entweni ngokusekelwe kuzixhumanisi ezitholiwe.
Ukuhlela nokumisa kwenziwa ngesixhumi esibonakalayo esijwayelekile se-USB futhi akudingi izilawuli ezengeziwe nabahleli bohlelo, ngakho-ke kungenziwa esizeni kusetshenziswa ikhompuyutha ephathekayo.
Interface modules
Iqoqo lezindawo zokuxhumanisa amadivayisi angaphandle kuzo , isetshenziswa kusetshenziswa amamojula esibonakalayo axhunywe kusuka ngezansi. Kutheminali eyodwa imojuli eyodwa yesixhumi esibonakalayo ingaxhunywa. Ngokuya ngemisebenzi yekhasimende, lokhu kungaba okokufaka/okuphumayo kwedijithali noma kwe-analog, noma izixhumanisi ze-serial. Oxhumana nabo esibonakalayo bavikelwe isixhumi esivaliwe esinoxhumano lwentambo ye-M12.
- β 4 okokufaka kwe-analogi noku-4 kwedijithali
- I-WISE-S615-A - iziteshi ezi-6 ze-RTD (Isitshina Sokushisa Esimelana Nezinga lokushisa)
- I-WISE-S617-A - okokufaka kwedijithali okungu-6, ukuxhumana kwe-serial okungu-2 RS-232/485
Inzwa yochungechunge lwe-Wzzard LRPv2
BB uchungechunge izinzwa Lawa ngamadivayisi ababhalisile be-LoRaWAN adizayinelwe ukuqoqwa kwedatha ezindaweni ezinonya futhi adizayinelwe ukufakwa ngokushesha. Zinesisekelo kazibuthe futhi zingaxhunywa ngokuvikelekile ezindaweni zensimbi ngaphandle kweziqinisekiso ezengeziwe, ezikuvumela ukuthi uthumele ngokushesha inethiwekhi yamadivayisi amaningi. Isixhumi esibonakalayo esivaliwe, esiseceleni, senzelwe ukuxhuma amadivaysi angaphandle nezinzwa.
Π’Π΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ
- Ukusebenza kuzo zonke izigaba zefrikhwensi LoRaWAN 868/915/923MHz
- Ukukhweza kazibuthe endaweni yensimbi
- I-Interfaces RS485 (Modbus), okokufaka kwe-analog oku-4, ukuphuma kwedijithali okungu-2, ukuphuma kwedijithali oku-1
- Uxhumano oluvaliwe lwekhebula lesixhumi esibonakalayo
- Inikwa amandla amabhethri e-lithium angu-2 AA, amaphaneli elanga noma ugesi ongu-9~36V
- Isigaba sokuvikela IP66
- Ukusebenza emazingeni okushisa -40 ~ 75Β°C
Iziteshi eziyisisekelo ze-LoRaWAN
I-Advantech inikeza uhla olugcwele lwamadivayisi okuthumela inethiwekhi yangasese ye-LoRaWAN. Uchungechunge lwamasango asetshenziselwa ukuxhuma amadivaysi ababhalisile, njenge ΠΈ , kanye nokudlulisa idatha kuseva yohlelo. Ulayini uhlanganisa amamodeli asekela ukuxhumeka ngasikhathi sinye kwamadivayisi wababhalisile abangu-100 nabangu-500. Isango lixhunywe ku-inthanethi nge-Ethernet; izinguqulo ezinemodemu eyakhelwe ngaphakathi ye-4G nazo ziyatholakala. Isekela izivumelwano ze-MQTT ne-Modbus zokudlulisa idatha kuseva yohlelo.
Π’Π΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ
- Isekela wonke amabhendi e-LoRaWAN
- Isevisi ngasikhathi sinye yamadivayisi abhalisile ayi-100 noma angama-500
- Ukuxhumeka kwe-Ethernet
- Ongakukhetha: imodemu ye-LTE eyakhelwe ngaphakathi
- Iseva/iklayenti eyakhelwe ngaphakathi ye-VPN
isiphetho
Ubuchwepheshe be-LoRaWAN buheha ukunakwa okuningi phakathi kwezixazululo zezimboni, futhi namuhla bungaxazulula ngempumelelo izinkinga eziningi zebhizinisi. Kodwa kumakhasimende amaningi, i-LoRaWAN isalokhu iwubuchwepheshe obaziwa kancane futhi obungaqondakali. Sikholelwa ukuthi esikhathini esizayo esiseduze izosakazeka njengamanethiwekhi amaselula akudala, azovumela amakhasimende ethu ukuthi asebenzise kalula izixazululo ezizimele ze-inthanethi Yezinto.
Source: www.habr.com