Ukuzihlukanisa nomsebenzi okude okwalandela kwavusa isithakazelo ku-intanethi yeselula, futhi kumazwana noma emilayezweni yangasese, baqala ukungibuza imibuzo mayelana nokuhlela ukufinyelela okuvamile kunethiwekhi kusuka emkhakheni ozimele. Phakathi nalolu bhubhane, ngabona ukuthi umthwalo kunethiwekhi awukhuphukanga nje ngokuphindaphindiwe, kodwa ngendlela emangalisayo: umbhoshongo wangaphambili weBeeline wakhulula wafinyelela ku-40 Mbps ukuze ulandwe, futhi ekupheleni kuka-April ijubane lehla laya ku-1 Mbps. Futhi endaweni ethile ngoMeyi, umqondo wazalelwa ukwenza ukuhlolwa okuqhathaniswayo kwama-routers ezigaba ezahlukene ezisekela ukuhlanganisa izixhumanisi, okusho ukuthi bazokwandisa isivinini senethiwekhi ngisho nalapho umbhoshongo ulayishwa. Ithiyori nokuhlolwa ngaphansi kokunqunywa.
A little ofory
Yini enquma izinga lokudluliswa kwedatha ukusuka esiteshini esiyisisekelo (BS) ukuya kobhalisile? Uma sisusa ukuphazamiseka, ibanga phakathi kobhalisile kanye ne-BS, umthwalo ku-BS nomthwalo wesiteshi usuka ku-BS uqobo uye endaweni yokungena ku-inthanethi, bese kuba ububanzi besiteshi kuphela, ukuguquguquka, imvamisa yokudlulisa idatha kanye nenani lalezi ziteshi. hlala.
Ake siqale ngokuvama: I-LTE eRussia isebenza kumafrikhwensi we-450, 800, 900, 1800, 1900, 2100, 2300, 2500 kanye no-2600 MHz. Uma ukhumbula i-physics, khona-ke kwachazwa ngokucacile ukuthi amaza aphansi anamandla okungena angcono futhi anciphise ibanga elikhulu. Ngakho-ke, edolobheni, amaza aphezulu avame ukusetshenziswa ngendawo eminyene ye-BS, futhi ngaphandle kwedolobha, amaza aphansi asetshenziswa kaningi, okwenza kube lula ukufaka imibhoshongo kaningi. Kuphinde futhi kuncike ekutheni iyiphi imvamisa eyabelwa umsebenzi endaweni yamanje.
Ububanzi besiteshi: E-Russia, ububanzi besiteshi esivame kakhulu ngu-5, 10 no-20 MHz, nakuba ububanzi bungaba kusuka ku-1.4 kuya ku-20 MHz.
Ukushintshashintshashintsha kwe-QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM no-256QAM. Sekuvele kuncike kusithwali. Ngeke ngijule ezicini zobuchwepheshe, kodwa umthetho uyasebenza lapha: ukuphakama kokuguquguquka kuleli zinga, isivinini siphezulu.
Inombolo yamashaneli: Umsakazo owamukelayo ungasebenza kumodi yokuhlanganisa isixhumanisi uma usekelwa inkampani yenethiwekhi. Isibonelo, umbhoshongo udlulisela idatha ngemvamisa ye-1800 kanye ne-2600 MHz. Irediyo ye-LTE Cat.4 izokwazi kuphela ukusebenza kwenye yalawa mafrikhwensi. Imojuli yesigaba sesi-6 izokwazi ukusebenza ngawo womabili amafrikhwensi ngesikhathi esisodwa, ifingqa isivinini esivela kumamojula amabili ngesikhathi esisodwa. Idivayisi yesigaba 12 izosebenza nabathwali abathathu ngesikhathi esisodwa: isibonelo, ezimbili ngemvamisa ye-1800 MHz (1800 + 1800) neyodwa ngemvamisa ye-2600 MHz. Ijubane langempela ngeke libe yi-x3, kodwa lizoncika kuphela kumthwalo wokusebenza we-BS kanye nobubanzi besiteshi se-inthanethi sesiteshi esiyisisekelo ngokwaso. Ngibonile amacala lapho ngisebenza ne-Cat.6, lapho ngisebenza ngesiteshi esisodwa wanika isivinini se-40 Mbps, futhi ngeziteshi ezimbili 65-70 Mbps. Vuma, isengezo esihle!
umbono wokuhlola
Ngale ndlela ngithole umbono wokuhlola amarutha ezigaba ezahlukahlukene ukuthola isithombe sangempela esizovulelwa umsebenzisi ojwayelekile. Inkinga ukuthatha ama-routers ochungechunge olufanayo noma kuphela ngamamojula omsakazo ahlukene, njengoba ama-routers avela kubakhiqizi abahlukene cishe azosebenzisa ukugxusha okuhlukile, okungathinta imiphumela yokulinganisa. Ngakho-ke, ngiqhamuke nombono wokuhlola umenzi oyedwa kuphela, kodwa ama-routers ahlukene.
Isinyathelo sesibili bekuwukukhetha uhlobo lwamadivayisi azohlolwa: ungamane uthathe irutha bese uxhuma i-antenna kuyo ngokuhlanganisa ikhebula, kodwa ukuzijwayeza kubonise ukuthi umsebenzisi ufuna ukuthola inhlanganisela eyanele ukufaka i-SIM. ikhadi bese uvule idivayisi kunethiwekhi. Ngakho-ke ngiqhamuke nombono wokuhlola ama-monoblocks, okungukuthi, i-router kanye ne-antenna esimweni esisodwa.
Isinyathelo sesithathu engisinqume kumkhiqizi: I-Zyxel inomugqa omkhulu wama-monoblocks anezigaba ezahlukene ze-LTE, ngakho-ke ukukhetha bekusobala.
Ukuze ngihlole, ngithathe amarutha alandelayo: LTE 7240, LTE 7460 kanye ne-LTE 7480.
Indlela yokuhlola
Ukuze kuhlolwe amakhono ama-routers, kwanqunywa ukuba kwenziwe ukuhlolwa "kokwenziwa" okuncane kanye nokuhlolwa kwangempela. Ukuhlolwa kokwenziwa kwakuhlanganisa ukuthi izilinganiso zejubane zenziwa ebangeni elingamamitha angama-200 ukusuka esiteshini esiyisisekelo ebangeni le-antenna ekhipha imisebe, okwenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukuthola ileveli yesiginali ehamba phambili. Uxhumano lwenziwe emibhoshongweni ye-Megafon, njengoba inikeze ububanzi besiteshi esiphezulu sama-20 MHz. Hhayi-ke, ngihlole ama-routers ezifundeni ezimbili, lapho, ngokusho kwemephu yokumboza, opharetha uthembisa isivinini esingafika ku-150 futhi sifike ku-300 Mbps, ngokulandelana. Ukuhlolwa kwangempela kwakuwukubeka i-router endlini yami, lapho ngahlola khona ama-routers amadala. Izimo zokuxhumana kule modi zinzima kakhulu, njengoba ibanga lokuya embhoshongweni liyi-8 km futhi akukho umugqa wokubona, futhi kunezihlahla endleleni yesignali. Ngakho, kwakukhona ukuhlolwa okuthathu sekukonke:
- Ibanga eliya embhoshongweni ngu-~ 200 m. Indawo enesivinini esikhulu esimenyezelwe yi-150 Mbps. Isikhathi sokuhlola amahora angu-12-13.
- Ibanga eliya embhoshongweni ngu-~ 200 m. Indawo enesivinini esikhulu esimenyezelwe yi-300 Mbps. Isikhathi sokuhlola amahora angu-12-13.
- Ibanga eliya kumbhoshongo ~8000 m. Awukho umugqa wokubona. Indawo enesivinini esikhulu esimenyezelwe esingu-150 Mbps. Isikhathi sokuhlola amahora angu-12-13.
Zonke izivivinyo zenziwa nge-SIM khadi efanayo phakathi nesonto. Isikhathi sikhethwe cishe amahora ayi-12-13 ukugwema imithwalo ephezulu ekuseni nakusihlwa ku-BS. Ukuhlolwa kwenziwa izikhathi eziningana kumaseva amabili ahlukene kusetshenziswa isevisi ye-Speedtest: i-Moscow Megafon ne-Moscow RETN. Isivinini besithe ukuhluka, njengoba amaseva anomthwalo ohlukile. Isikhathi sokuqala ukuhlola, kodwa okokuqala, incazelo yangaphandle kanye nemininingwane yobuchwepheshe yomzila ngamunye.
I-Zyxel LTE 7240-M403
Irutha yesiqalisi esivela kulayini we-Zyxel wamadivayisi we-LTE asebenzisa isimo sezulu sonke. Ingafakwa odongeni lwendlu isebenzisa ipuleti elikhethekile, noma ingalungiswa epayipi ngokusebenzisa izinsimbi. Ayinayo intaba enamadigri amaningana enkululeko, ngakho-ke kufanelekile ukulungiselela induku yokufakwa kwangaphandle kanye nesiqondiso esinembe kakhudlwana ku-BS. Naphezu kobukhulu bayo obuncane, ine-antenna enhle nokulula ukuyifaka: ikhadi le-SIM kanye nentambo ye-Ethernet ifakwe ku-case, futhi ikhava ekhethekile ivala konke. I-router inikezwe imojula ye-Wi-Fi, eyenza kube nokwenzeka hhayi kuphela ukusebenzisa ukufinyelela kwe-inthanethi okunezintambo, kodwa futhi ukumboza kahle indawo ezungezile ngesignali engenantambo. Irutha inemojula eyakhelwe ngaphakathi esekela i-Cat.4 futhi isivinini sokulanda esiphezulu esitholwe ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa sasingu-105 Mbps - umphumela omuhle kakhulu wedivayisi enjalo. Kodwa lapho kuhlolwa ngaphansi kwezimo zangempela, lapho kwakungaphezu kuka-8 km esiteshini esiyisisekelo, kwakungenzeka ukufeza isivinini esiphezulu se-23,5 Mbps. Omunye uzothi lokhu akukuningi, kodwa ngokuvamile kukhona opharetha bomugqa we-fiber optic abafuna kusuka kuma-ruble angu-10 kuya ku-500 imali yenyanga ye-1200 Mbps, futhi uxhumano luzophinde lubize ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingu-10-40. Ngakho-ke, i-inthanethi yeselula ishibhile futhi kulula kakhulu ukuyifaka nokuyixhuma nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Ngokuvamile, le router izokuvumela ukuthi usebenze ngokunethezeka ukude, futhi ujabulele ukubuka amavidiyo kanye nokusefa inethi ngokushesha. Uma usuvele unengqalasizinda esenziwe ngomumo enamakhamera e-IP noma isistimu yokugada ividiyo, kwanele ukungeza umzila onjalo ukuze uqaphe ukude uhlelo lwakho lokuphepha.
I-Zyxel LTE7460-M608
Le divayisi iwukuthuthukiswa okunengqondo kwedivayisi ye-Zyxel LTE 6100 edumile, eyavula inkathi yama-LTE monoblock routers. Yiqiniso, imodeli yangaphambili yayineyunithi yangaphakathi, eyayingaphakathi endlini, futhi i-antenna enemodemu yayingaphandle. Idivayisi ithobelana nobuchwepheshe be-LTE Cat.6, okusho ukuhlanganiswa kwezinkampani zenethiwekhi ezimbili kanye nokwenyuka kwesivinini esingenayo, uma kusekelwa isiteshi esiyisisekelo. Ukufaka i-SIM khadi kumzila kuyisenzo esingeyona into encane, ngoba ibhodi elinomjovo litholakala ekujuleni kwe-antenna, futhi uma lifakwe endaweni ephakeme, kukhona wonke amathuba okuwisa i-SIM khadi. Ngakho-ke, ngincoma kakhulu ukufaka ikhadi ngezansi, bese ufaka i-router endaweni ephakeme. Njengoba lena kuyidivayisi yokuqala ye-All-in-one evele kulayini we-Zyxel, ayifakelwe imojula ye-Wi-Fi, ngakho-ke ukufinyelela kwe-inthanethi kungatholakala kuphela ngekhebula. Kulokhu, kunenkululeko yokukhetha iphoyinti le-Wi-Fi elizofakwa endlini. Futhi i-Zyxel LTE7460 ihlanganiswe kalula nengqalasizinda ekhona futhi ingasebenza kumodi yebhuloho. Ngokuqondene nezici zesivinini, i-router ekuhlolweni ikwazile ukubonisa i-137 Mbps eqinile yokulanda - akubona bonke abahlinzeki abanezintambo abanikeza isivinini esinjalo phezu kwekhebula. Isivinini esikhulu sokulayisha ekuhlolweni okufanayo besingaphezu kuka-39 Mbps, esiseduze nomkhawulo wethiyori ukuze ulayishe usuka kuklayenti ukuya kunethiwekhi. Ngokuqondene nokuhlolwa kwangempela ngebanga elide, i-router nayo yazizwa izethemba futhi ivunyelwe ukulanda ngesivinini esifika ku-31 Mbps, futhi inikeze idatha ngesivinini esingaphezu kuka-7 Mbps. Endabeni yokuhlala ngaphandle kwedolobha kanye nokuntuleka kwekhono lokuxhuma kumanethiwekhi anezintambo, leli jubane lanele ngokwanele izidingo zomndeni wonke - imfundo, ukuzijabulisa kanye nomsebenzi.
I-Zyxel LTE7480-M804
Ekugcineni, ukujika kwafika kumodeli ephezulu kulayini wama-monoblock routers kulokhu kuhlolwa. I-Zyxel LTE7480 isekela ubuchwepheshe be-LTE Cat.12 futhi iyakwazi ukusebenza nezinkampani zenethiwekhi ezintathu ngesikhathi esisodwa. Izinhlanganisela ezingenzeka zezindlela zokuhlanganisa zethulwa etafuleni nge-TTX, futhi ngizomane ngithi - iyasebenza ngempela! Isivinini esiphezulu esitholwe ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa sasingaphezu kuka-172 Mbps! Ukuze uqonde ukuhleleka kwezinombolo, lokhu cishe ku-21 MB / s. Okusho ukuthi, imuvi engu-3 GB ngalesi sivinini izolandwa ngemizuzwana engu-142! Ngalesi sikhathi, ngisho neketela ngeke libilise, futhi ifilimu esezingeni elihle izobe isivele ikhona kudiski yekhompyutha. Lapha udinga ukuqonda ukuthi isivinini sizoncika emthwalweni wokusebenza wesiteshi esiyisisekelo kanye nomkhawulokudonsa wesiteshi oxhunywe kule BS. Ngicabanga ukuthi ebusuku, lapho ababhalisile belayisha inethiwekhi kancane, ngingathola isivinini esithe xaxa embhoshongweni wokuhlola. Manje ngizosuka ekubabazeni ngiye encazelweni nasebubini. Umkhiqizi ulalele abasebenzisi futhi wenza ukufakwa kukhululeke kakhudlwana, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwe-SIM khadi: manje ayikho ekujuleni kwecala, kodwa ekugcineni - ngaphansi kwesembozo sokuzivikela. Ibakaki elikhulayo likuvumela ukuthi ufake i-router kokubili odongeni lwendlu naphezu kwenduku yokunweba futhi uqondanise ngokunembile i-antenna ku-BS - i-engeli yokuzungeza ngokuvundlile nangokuqondile ngamadigri ayi-180. Idivayisi iphinde ifakwe imojula ye-Wi-Fi futhi, ngaphezu kokudlulisa idatha ngezintambo, ingahlinzeka ngamadivaysi eselula nge-inthanethi ngesiteshi esingenantambo. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, kwaphawuleka ukuthi ijubane eliphumayo liphansi kunelamanye amamodeli, futhi ngicabanga ukuthi lokhu kungenxa yamaphuzu amabili: i-firmware eluhlaza noma ukuhlelwa okuminyene kwama-antenna angu-4 ku-compact case: ubukhulu be-Zyxel LTE7480 ziyafana nalezo ze-Zyxel LTE7460, kanye nezinti eziphindwe kabili. Ngathintana nomkhiqizi, futhi baqinisekisa imibono yami - nokho, akulula ukuthola izimo zokuxhumana ezinjalo njengoba nganginazo, ngebanga elingamakhilomitha angu-8 ukusuka ku-BS.
Imiphumela
Ukufingqa, kuyadingeka ukubhekisela kuthebula lokulinganisa isivinini. Kulandela kulokhu ukuthi ngisho nokuba seqophelweni elifanayo, ungathola isivinini esihlukile, ngoba amaseva angalayishwa ngezinga elikhulu noma elincane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthwalo esiteshini sesisekelo nawo uyathinta. Izilinganiso zesivinini ziphinde zibonise ukuthi ngebanga elide, cishe i-8.5 km, ukuhlanganiswa kwesiteshi mancane amathuba okuthi kusebenze (noma i-BS yami imane nje ayisekeli ukuhlanganisa) futhi ukuzuza kwezimpondo ezakhelwe ngaphakathi kuyavela. Uma usuka esiteshini esiseduze noma ngaphakathi komugqa obonakalayo, khona-ke kunengqondo ukuthenga amadivayisi asekela ubuchwepheshe be-Cat.6 noma i-Cat.12. Uma unemali yokuthenga umzila we-Zyxel LTE7460, khona-ke kunengqondo ukwandisa kancane isabelomali ukuze uthathe umzila we-Zyxel LTE7480 ngokusekelwa kwe-Cat.12 kanye nemojula ye-Wi-Fi eyakhelwe ngaphakathi. Uma i-BS ikude, kodwa unayo yonke ingqalasizinda endlini futhi indawo yokufinyelela ku-Inthanethi kuphela engekho, khona-ke ungathatha idivayisi emaphakathi emgqeni. Labo abanganaki ngejubane lokufinyelela kunethiwekhi futhi abafuna ukonga imali kufanele babheke ku-Zyxel LTE 7240 - le modeli yokuqalisa ihlangene, kulula ukuyifaka futhi iyakwazi ukuhlinzeka ngezinga elinethezekile lokusefa inetha.
Source: www.habr.com