Isikhungo sedatha ye-Tushino iyisikhungo sedatha esinesigamu semegawathi esidayiselwa wonke umuntu nakho konke. Iklayenti alikwazi nje ukuqasha imishini esesifakiwe kakade, kodwa futhi libeka imishini yalo lapho, kuhlanganise nemishini engajwayelekile njengamaseva ezimweni ezivamile zama-PC edeskithophu, amapulazi ezimayini noma izinhlelo zobuhlakani bokwenziwa. Kalula nje, lena yimisebenzi ehlukahlukene ethandwa kakhulu efunwa kakhulu ngamabhizinisi asekhaya anamazinga ahlukahlukene obukhulu. Yilokhu okumenza athandeke. Kulokhu okuthunyelwe ngeke uthole izixazululo zobuchwepheshe ezikhethekile kanye nokundiza komcabango wobunjiniyela. Sizokhuluma ngezinkinga ezijwayelekile nezisombululo. Okusho ukuthi, mayelana nalokho u-90% wochwepheshe abanama-90% esikhathi sabo sokusebenza.
Isigaba - kungcono kakhulu?
Ukubekezelelwa kwamaphutha kwesikhungo sedatha ye-Tushino kuhambisana nezinga le-Tier II. Empeleni, lokhu kusho ukuthi isikhungo sedatha sisegunjini elilungisiwe elijwayelekile, kusetshenziswa amandla kagesi angasebenzi, futhi kunezinsiza zesistimu ezingasasebenzi.
Nokho, ngokuphambene nombono oyiphutha ovamile, amaleveli eSigaba awabonisi "ukuqina" kwesikhungo sedatha, kodwa izinga lokuthobelana kwaso nemisebenzi yebhizinisi yangempela. Futhi phakathi kwabo kukhona abaningi lapho ukubekezelelana kwamaphutha aphezulu kungabalulekile noma akubalulekile kangangokuthi ukukhokha ngokweqile ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingu-20-25 ngonyaka, okuyinto enkingeni ingaba buhlungu kakhulu kumakhasimende.
Ivelaphi le mali? Nguye owenza umehluko phakathi kwamanani okubeka ulwazi ezikhungweni zedatha ze-Tier II kanye ne-Tier III ngokuya ngeseva eyodwa. Uma idatha iyanda, kuba mkhulu ukonga okungaba khona.
Usho yiphi imisebenzi? Isibonelo, ukugcina ama-backups noma i-cryptocurrency yezimayini. Kulezi zimo, iseva yesikhathi sokuphumula evunyelwe i-Tier II izobiza ngaphansi kwe-Tier III.
Ukuzijwayeza kubonisa ukuthi ezimweni eziningi ukonga kubaluleke kakhulu kunokwenyuka kokubekezelela amaphutha. Kunezikhungo ezinhlanu kuphela eziqinisekisiwe ze-Tier III eMoscow. Futhi awekho nhlobo ama-Tier IV aqinisekiswe ngokugcwele.
Ihlelwa kanjani isistimu yokuphakelwa kwamandla yesikhungo sedatha ye-Tushino?
Izimfuneko zesistimu yokuphakelwa kwamandla yesikhungo sedatha sase-Tushino zithobelana nezimo zezinga le-Tier II. Lokhu wukudunda kabusha kwezintambo zikagesi ngokohlelo lwe-N + 1, ukuphinda kusetshenziswe amandla kagesi angaphazamiseki ngokohlelo lwe-N + 1 kanye nokuqedwa kabusha kwesethi yejeneretha kadizili ngokohlelo lwe-N. N + 1 kulokhu kusho a uhlelo olunesici esisodwa esigciniwe esihlala singenzi lutho kuze kube yilapho uhlelo lungeyona ingxenye yezakhi eziyinhloko luzohluleka, futhi N iwuhlelo olungadingeki, lapho ukwehluleka kwanoma iyiphi ingxenye kuholela ekumisweni kwalo lonke uhlelo.
Izinkinga eziningi ezihlobene namandla zixazululwa ngokukhetha indawo efanele yesikhungo sedatha. Isikhungo sedatha saseTushino sisendaweni yebhizinisi, lapho sekufike imigqa emibili engu-110 kV evela ezitshalweni zamandla zamadolobha ahlukene. Emishinini yesitshalo ngokwaso, i-voltage ephezulu iguqulwa ibe yi-voltage ephakathi, futhi imigqa emibili ezimele ye-10 kV inikezwa okokufaka kwesikhungo sedatha.
I-substation ye-transformer ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo sesikhungo sedatha iguqula i-voltage ephakathi ibe ngumthengi 240-400 V. Yonke imigqa iqhutshwa ngokufana, ngakho-ke imishini yesikhungo sedatha inikwe amandla yimithombo emibili yangaphandle ezimele.
I-voltage ephansi esuka eziteshini ze-transformer ixhunywe ekushintsheni kokudlulisa okuzenzakalelayo, okuhlinzeka ngokushintsha phakathi kwamanethiwekhi edolobha. Amadrayivu ezimoto afakwe ku-ATS adinga imizuzwana engu-1,2 kulo msebenzi. Sonke lesi sikhathi, umthwalo uwela kugesi ongaphazamiseki.
I-ATS ehlukile inesibopho sokuvula ngokuzenzakalelayo ijeneretha kadizili uma kwenzeka ugesi uphela kuzo zombili izintambo. Ukuqala ijeneretha yedizili akuyona inqubo esheshayo futhi kudinga imizuzwana engama-40, lapho ugesi uthwalwa ngokuphelele amabhethri e-UPS.
Ngokukhokhiswa okugcwele, ijeneretha yedizili iqinisekisa ukusebenza kwesikhungo sedatha amahora angu-8. Unalokhu engqondweni, isikhungo sedatha sangena ezinkontilekeni ezimbili nabahlinzeki bamafutha edizili abazimele, abazimisele ukuletha ingxenye entsha kaphethiloli phakathi namahora angu-4 ngemva kocingo. Amathuba okuthi bobabili bazoba nohlobo oluthile lwe-force majeure ngesikhathi esisodwa aphansi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukuzimela kungahlala inqobo nje uma amaqembu alungisayo edinga ukubuyisela amandla avela okungenani kunethiwekhi eyodwa yedolobha.
Njengoba ubona, awekho ama-frills onjiniyela lapha. Lokhu kungenxa, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukuthi lapho kwakhiwa ingqalasizinda yobunjiniyela, amamojula asenziwe ngomumo asetshenziswa, abakhiqizi bawo abaqondiswa "umthengi ojwayelekile" othile.
Kunjalo, noma yimuphi uchwepheshe we-IT uzothi isilinganiso βakusiyo inhlanzi noma inyoniβ futhi sizophakamisa ukwakha isethi eyingqayizivele yezingxenye zesistimu ethile. Kodwa-ke, labo abafuna ukukhokhela lo bumnandi kuyacaca ukuthi abafoli. Ngakho-ke, kufanele ubhekane namaqiniso. Empeleni, yonke into izofana ncamashi nalokhu: ukuthengwa kwemishini esenziwe ngomumo kanye nokuhlanganiswa kohlelo oluzoxazulula imisebenzi ehlobene nebhizinisi. Labo abangavumelani nalokhu kuziphatha bayobuyiswa ngokushesha ezulwini bebuyiselwe emhlabeni ngumphathi omkhulu wezezimali webhizinisi.
Amabhodi okushintsha
Okwamanje, ama-switchboards ayisishiyagalolunye aqinisekisa ukusebenza kwamadivayisi wokusabalalisa okokufaka kanye nama-switchboards amane asetshenziswa ngokuqondile ukuxhuma umthwalo. Yayingekho imingcele engathi sΓna endaweni, kodwa ayikaze ibe miningi, ngakho-ke umzuzu owodwa othakazelisayo wobunjiniyela wawusekhona.
Njengoba kulula ukubona, inani lezihlangu "zokufaka" kanye "nomthwalo" azifani - okwesibili cishe cishe izikhathi ezimbili ngaphansi. Lokhu kwenzeke ngoba abaklami bengqalasizinda yesikhungo sedatha banqume ukusebenzisa izihlangu ezinkulu ukuletha imigqa emithathu noma ngaphezulu engenayo lapho. Ku-automaton ngayinye yokufaka, cishe kukhona imigqa yokuphuma engu-36 evikelwe i-automata ehlukene.
Ngakho-ke, ngezinye izikhathi ukusetshenziswa kwamamodeli amakhulu kusindisa isikhala esincane. Ngoba izihlangu ezinkulu zizodinga okuncane.
Amandla kagesi angavikeleki
I-Eaton 93PM enamandla angu-120 kVA, esebenza ngemodi yokuguqula kabili, isetshenziswa njengomthombo wamandla ongaphazamiseki esikhungweni sedatha sase-Tushino.
I-Eaton 93PM UPSs iyatholakala ngezinguqulo ezahlukene. Isithombe: Eaton
Izizathu eziyinhloko zokukhetha le divayisi izici zayo ezilandelayo.
Okokuqala, ukusebenza kahle kwale UPS kufika ku-97% kumodi yokuguqulwa kabili kanye nama-99% kumodi yokonga. Idivayisi ithatha ngaphansi kuka-1,5 square metres. m futhi ayithathi isikhala segumbi leseva kumishini eyinhloko. Umphumela uba izindleko eziphansi zokusebenza nokonga okudingwa yibhizinisi lakho.
Okwesibili, sibonga isistimu yokuphatha okushisayo eyakhelwe ngaphakathi, i-Eaton 93PM UPS ingafakwa noma yikuphi. Ngisho eduze nodonga. Ngisho noma ingadingeki ngokushesha, ingase idingeke kamuva. Isibonelo, ukukhulula isikhala esinganele ku-rack eyengeziwe.
Okwesithathu, ukusebenza kalula. Kubandakanya - Isoftware Yamandla Ahlakaniphile esetshenziselwa ukuqapha nokulawula. Amamethrikhi adluliselwa nge-SNMP akuvumela ukuthi ulawule ukusetshenziswa kanye nokwehluleka okuthile komhlaba wonke, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuphendula ngokushesha ezimeni eziphuthumayo.
Okwesine, i-modularity kanye ne-scalability. Lokhu mhlawumbe ikhwalithi ebaluleke kakhulu, ngenxa yokuthi i-UPS eyodwa kuphela ye-modular isetshenziswa ohlelweni lwe-Tushino data center redundancy. Ihlanganisa amamojula amabili asebenzayo kanye neyodwa engasasebenzi. Lokhu kunikeza uhlelo lwe-N+1 oludingekayo ezingeni le-Tier II.
Lokhu kulula kakhulu futhi kunokwethenjelwa kakhulu kunokucushwa kwe-UPS emithathu. Ngakho-ke, ukukhethwa kwedivaysi ehlinzekela ekuqaleni ukuthi kungenzeka ukusebenza okufanayo kuwukunyakaza okunengqondo ngokuphelele.
Kodwa kungani abaklami bengakhethanga i-DRIBP esikhundleni se-UPS ehlukile kanye nejeneretha kadizili? Izizathu eziyinhloko lapha azikho kubunjiniyela, kodwa kwezezimali.
Isakhiwo se-modular siyisisekelo esiklanyelwe ukuthuthukiswa - njengoba umthwalo ukhula, imithombo kanye namajeneretha engeziwe kwingqalasizinda yobunjiniyela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ezindala zazisebenza futhi zisasebenza. Nge-DRIBP, isimo sihluke kakhulu: udinga ukuthenga idivayisi enjalo nge-margin enkulu yamandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona "izinhlanganisela ezincane" ezimbalwa, futhi zibiza kahle kakhulu - zibiza ngokungenakuqhathaniswa kunamajeneretha edizili nama-UPS. I-DRIBP nayo ayinangqondo kakhulu kwezokuthutha nasekufakeni. Lokhu, nakho, kuthinta izindleko zalo lonke uhlelo.
Ukucushwa okukhona kuxazulula imisebenzi yakho ngempumelelo impela. I-Eaton 93PM UPS ingagcina okokusebenza kwesikhungo sedatha okubalulekile kusebenza imizuzu engu-15, izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-15 amandla.
Futhi, i-sine wave ehlanzekile ehlinzekwa yi-UPS ku-inthanethi isindisa umnikazi wesikhungo sedatha ekuthengeni iziqinisi ezihlukene. Futhi kulapho ukonga kungena khona.
Ngaphandle kokumenyezelwa kobulula be-Eaton 93PM UPS, idivayisi iyinkimbinkimbi impela. Ngakho-ke, ukugcinwa kwayo esikhungweni sedatha saseTushino kwenziwa inkampani yezinkampani zangaphandle enochwepheshe abaqeqeshwe kakhulu kubasebenzi bayo. Ukugcina isisebenzi esiqeqeshiwe kubasebenzi bakho ngenxa yale njongo kuyinjabulo ebizayo.
Imiphumela namathemba
Yile ndlela isikhungo sedatha esakhiwe ngayo, esivumela ukuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zekhwalithi ephezulu kubathengi imisebenzi yabo engadingi izinga eliphezulu lokungadingeki futhi ingasho izindleko ezinkulu zezomnotho. Inkonzo enjalo iyohlale idingeka.
Ngokwakhiwa osekuhleliwe kwesigaba sesibili, i-Eaton UPS esivele ithengiwe izosetshenziselwa ukwakha uhlelo oluyisipele lokuphakelwa kukagesi. Ngenxa yomklamo we-modular, ukuthuthukiswa kwayo kuzoncishiswa ekuthengeni imodyuli eyengeziwe, elula kakhulu futhi eshibhile kunokushintshwa okuphelele kwedivayisi. Le ndlela izogunyazwa yibo bobabili unjiniyela kanye nosozimali.
Source: www.habr.com