I-Zebra WT-40 yokuqoqwa kwedatha eneskena esiyindandatho. Kudingeka ukuthi ukwazi ukuskena ngokushesha umkhiqizo ngenkathi ubeka amabhokisi ku-pallet (izandla zamahhala).
Ngokuhamba kweminyaka eminingana, savula izitolo futhi sakhula ngokushesha okukhulu. Kugcine ngokuthi manje izindawo zethu zokugcina izimpahla zithola futhi zithumele amaphalethi angaba yizinkulungwane ezingama-20 ngosuku. Ngokwemvelo, namuhla sesivele sinezindawo zokugcina izimpahla eziningi: ezimbili ezinkulu eMoscow - 100 futhi 140 ayizinkulungwane square metres, kodwa kukhona ezincane kwamanye amadolobha.
Umzuzwana ngamunye ogcinwe ezinqubweni zokwamukela, ukuhlanganisa noma ukuthumela izimpahla ngesilinganiso esinjalo kuyithuba lokonga isikhathi ekusebenzeni. Futhi lokhu kuwukonga okukhulu.
Yingakho iziphindaphinda ezimbili eziyinhloko ezisebenza kahle ziyi-algorithm yezenzo ecatshangelwe kahle (inqubo) kanye nezinhlelo ze-IT ezenziwe ngokwezifiso. Okungcono "njengewashi," kodwa "ukusebenza kancane kancane kunokuphelela" nakho kufanelekile. Phela sisemhlabeni wangempela.
Indaba yaqala eminyakeni eyisithupha edlule, lapho sibhekisisa kahle ukuthi abahlinzeki bempahla bawehlisa kanjani amaloli endaweni yethu yokugcina impahla. Kwakungenangqondo, kodwa kuwumkhuba, kangangokuthi abasebenzi abazange baqaphele nokuthi inqubo yayingekho kahle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaleso sikhathi besingenalo uhlelo lokuphatha i-warehouse yezimboni, futhi sasithembela kakhulu ukusebenza kwempahla kubaqhubi be-3PL abasebenzisa isofthiwe yabo nolwazi lwabo ezinqubweni zokwakha.
Ukwamukelwa kwezimpahla
Njengoba sesishilo kakade, inkampani yethu ngaleso sikhathi (njengoba, ngokomthetho, manje) yayifuna ukuvula izitolo eziningi, ngakho-ke kwakudingeka sithuthukise izinqubo ze-warehouse ukwandisa ukuphuma (izimpahla eziningi ngesikhathi esincane). Lona akuwona umsebenzi olula, futhi bekungenakwenzeka ukuwuxazulula ngokumane kwandiswe abasebenzi, uma nje bonke laba bantu bezophazamisana. Ngakho-ke, saqala ukucabanga ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lolwazi lwe-WMS (uhlelo lokuphathwa kwempahla). Njengoba bekulindelekile, siqale ngencazelo yezinqubo ze-warehouse esiqondiwe futhi vele ekuqaleni nje sithole insimu engalinyiwe yokuthuthukisa inqubo yokwamukela izimpahla. Kwakudingekile ukuba kwenziwe izinqubo kwenye yezindawo zokugcina izimpahla ukuze bese kudluliswa kwabanye.
Ukwamukela kungomunye wemisebenzi yokuqala emikhulu endaweni yokugcina impahla. Iza ngezinhlobo eziningana: lapho simane sibala inani lezingcezu zempahla futhi lapho sidinga, ngaphezu kwalokhu, ukubala ukuthi zingaki nokuthi hlobo luni lwezihloko eziku-pallet ngayinye. Iningi lezimpahla zethu lidlula ekugelezeni kwe-cross-docking. Kulapho izimpahla zifika endaweni yokugcina impahla zivela kumphakeli, futhi i-warehouse isebenza njengomzila futhi izama ukuyithumela ngokushesha kumamukeli wokugcina (isitolo). Kukhona okunye ukugeleza, isibonelo, lapho i-warehouse isebenza njengenqolobane noma njengeyunithi yokugcina (udinga ukubeka ukunikezwa esitokisini, ukuhlukanise kube izingxenye futhi kancane kancane ukuhambisa ezitolo). Mhlawumbe, ozakwethu abasebenza kumamodeli wezibalo wokuthuthukisa izinsalela bazokutshela kangcono mayelana nokusebenza nesitoko. Kodwa nansi isimanga! Izinkinga zaqala ukuvela emisebenzini yezandla kuphela.
Inqubo yayibukeka kanje: iloli lafika, umshayeli washintsha amaphepha nomphathi we-warehouse, umlawuli waqonda ukuthi yini efikile lapho nokuthi uzoyithumela kuphi, wabe eseqondisa umlayishi ukuba athathe izimpahla. Konke lokhu kuthathe cishe amahora amathathu (Yebo, isikhathi sokwamukela sincike kakhulu ekutheni hlobo luni lokugeleza kwempahla esilwamukelayo: kwezinye izindawo kuyadingeka ukwenza ukulandisa kwangaphakathi, kanti kwezinye akunjalo). Akunakwenzeka ukuthumela abantu abaningi elolini elilodwa: bazophazamisana.
Kwakuyini ukulahlekelwa? Kwakukhona ulwandle kubo. Okokuqala, izisebenzi ezigcina izimpahla zathola amaphepha. Bazulazula futhi benza izinqumo mayelana nokuthi benzeni ngokunikezwa ngokusekelwe kubo. Okwesibili, babala ama-pallets ngesandla futhi baphawula amanani kumanothi afanayo okulethwa. Khona-ke amafomu okwamukela agcwalisiwe athunyelwa kukhompyutha, lapho idatha yafakwa khona efayeleni le-XLS. Idatha esuka kuleli fayela yabe isingeniswa ku-ERP, futhi yilapho kuphela lapho umgogodla wethu we-IT wawubona khona umkhiqizo. Sinemethadatha encane kakhulu mayelana ne-oda, njengesikhathi sokufika kwezokuthutha, noma le datha ibingalungile.
Into yokuqala esiyenzile kwakuwukuqala ukuzenzela izindawo zokugcina izimpahla ngokwazo ukuze zibe nokusekelwa kwezinqubo (besidinga ukufaka inqwaba yesoftware, ihadiwe efana nezikena zebhakhodi yeselula, futhi sikhiphe ingqalasizinda yakho konke lokhu). Sabe sesixhuma lezi zinhlelo ne-ERP ngebhasi. Ekugcineni, ulwazi mayelana nokutholakala kwezimpahla lubuyekezwa ohlelweni lapho isilayishi siqhuba isithwebuli sebhakhodi phezu kwephalethi elolini elifikayo.
Kwaba kanje:
- Umphakeli ngokwakhe ugcwalisa idatha mayelana nokuthi usithumela ini nokuthi nini. Kulokhu kunenhlanganisela yezingosi ze-SWP kanye ne-EDI. Okusho ukuthi, isitolo sishicilela i-oda, futhi abahlinzeki bayazibophezela ukugcwalisa i-oda futhi banikeze izimpahla ngenani elidingekayo. Lapho uthumela izimpahla, zikhombisa ukwakheka kwama-pallets elolini kanye nalo lonke ulwazi oludingekayo lwe-logistics.
- Lapho imoto isishiyela umphakeli, sesiyazi kakade ukuthi yimuphi umkhiqizo ozayo kithi; Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphathwa kwamadokhumenti e-elekthronikhi sekusungulwe nabahlinzeki, ngakho-ke siyazi ukuthi i-UPD isivele isayiniwe. Uhlelo lokuhamba kahle kwalo mkhiqizo luyalungiswa: uma lokhu kuwukuwela, khona-ke sesivele si-ode izinto zokuhamba ezivela endaweni yokugcina impahla, sibala izimpahla, futhi kukho konke ukuhamba kwempahla sesivele sinqume ukuthi zingaki izinsiza ze-warehouse. isidingo sokucubungula ukudiliva. Emininingwaneni ye-cross-docking, ukuhlelwa kokuqala kokuthutha kusuka endaweni yokugcina izimpahla kwenziwa esikhathini esingaphambili, lapho umphakeli esanda kugcina indawo yokudiliva ohlelweni lokuphathwa kwesango lempahla (YMS - uhlelo lokuphathwa kwegceke), oluhlanganiswe nengosi yabahlinzeki. . Ulwazi luza ku-YMS ngokushesha.
- I-YMS ithola inombolo yeloli (ukuze inembe kakhudlwana, inombolo yokuthunyelwa evela kwa-SWP) futhi ibhalisa umshayeli ukuze amukelwe, okungukuthi, imnikeze isikhathi esidingekayo. Okusho ukuthi, manje umshayeli ofike ngesikhathi akadingi ukulinda kulayini, futhi isikhathi sakhe esisemthethweni nedokodo lokukhipha impahla linikezwe yena. Lokhu kusivumele, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukuthi sisabalalise amaloli ngendlela efanele kuyo yonke indawo futhi sisebenzise izikhala zokuthulula izinto ngendlela efanele. Futhi, njengoba sidweba kusengaphambili isimiso sokuthi ubani ozofika kuphi futhi nini, siyazi ukuthi bangaki abantu abadingekayo futhi kuphi. Okusho ukuthi, lokhu kuphinde kuhlobane nezinhlelo zokusebenza zabasebenzi be-warehouse.
- Ngenxa yalo mlingo, abalayishi abasadingi umzila owengeziwe, kodwa balinda kuphela izimoto ukuze ziwalayishe. Eqinisweni, ithuluzi labo - itheminali - ibatshela ukuthi benzeni futhi nini. Ezingeni le-abstraction, kufana ne-API yokulayisha, kodwa kumodeli yokusebenzisana yomuntu nekhompyutha. Isikhathi lapho i-pallet yokuqala iskenwa khona elolini futhi irekhodi lemethadatha yokulethwa.
- Ukukhipha kusakwenziwa ngesandla, kodwa isilayishi sisebenzisa isithwebuli sebhakhodi kuphalethi ngayinye futhi siqinisekisa ukuthi idatha yelebula ihlelekile. Isistimu ihlola ukuthi iyiphalethi elungile esiyilindele. Ekupheleni kokuthulula, isistimu izoba nenani elinembile lazo zonke izinto zempahla. Kulesi sigaba, amaphutha asaqedwa: uma kukhona umonakalo osobala esitsheni sokuthutha, kwanele ukumane uqaphele lokhu ngesikhathi sokuthulula noma ungawamukeli nhlobo lo mkhiqizo uma ungasetshenziswa ngokuphelele.
- Phambilini, ama-pallets abebalwa lapho kuthululwa khona impahla ngemuva kokuthi wonke ekhishwe elolini. Manje inqubo yokuthulula ngokomzimba isiwukubala kabusha. Sibuyisela iphutha ngokushesha uma kubonakala. Uma ingabonakali futhi itholwa kamuva, khona-ke siyiqoqa endaweni ekhethekile yokugcina impahla. Kuyashesha kakhulu ukuphonsa i-pallet phambili enqubeni, ukuqoqa ishumi nambili futhi unikeze umphakeli ithuba lokuthatha yonke into ngesikhathi esisodwa ngokuvakasha okukodwa okuhlukile. Ezinye izinhlobo zokukhubazeka zidluliselwa endaweni yokugaywa kabusha (lokhu ngokuvamile kusebenza kubahlinzeki bakwamanye amazwe, abakuthola kulula ukuthola izithombe nokuthumela umkhiqizo omusha kunokuwuphinda uwele umngcele).
- Uma sekuqediwe ukuthulula, kusayinwe amaphepha, umshayeli ahambe ayoqhuba ibhizinisi lakhe.
Enkambweni yakudala, ama-pallets ayevame ukuhanjiswa endaweni ekhethekile ye-buffer, lapho asevele asebenza khona: abalwa, umshado ubhalisiwe, njalonjalo. Lokhu kwakudingeka ukuze kukhululwe idokodo lemoto elandelayo. Manje zonke izinqubo zilungiswa ngendlela yokuthi le ndawo yebhafa ingadingeki. Kukhona ukulandisa okukhethiwe (isibonelo esisodwa inqubo yokubala okukhethiwe kwangaphakathi kwephakheji ukuze kugwetshwe endaweni yokugcina impahla, okusetshenziswa kuphrojekthi "Yokukhanya Kwethrafikhi"), kodwa izimpahla eziningi zicutshungulwa ngokushesha lapho zitholwa futhi zisuka esikhumulweni sezindiza. ukuthi bahambe baye endaweni efanele esitolo noma ngokushesha baye kwenye idokodo ukuze balayishwe uma ukuthutha okuzothunyelwa kusuka endaweni yokugcina impahla sekufikile. Ngiyazi ukuthi lokhu kuzwakala kuyinto evamile kuwe, kodwa eminyakeni emihlanu edlule, endaweni enkulu yokugcina impahla, ukukwazi ukucubungula ukuthunyelwa ngokuqondile ezindaweni zokugcina njengedokodo elilayisha elinye iloli kubonakala njengento ephuma ohlelweni lwasemkhathini kithi.
Kwenzekani eduze komkhiqizo?
Okulandelayo, uma lokhu kungekona ukuwela idokhu (futhi izimpahla azikangeni ku-buffer ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa noma ngqo esitokisini), kuzomele zifakwe esitokweni ukuze zigcinwe.
Kuyadingeka ukunquma ukuthi lo mkhiqizo uzohamba kuphi, lapho isitoreji seseli. Enqubweni yakudala, kwakudingeka ukunquma ngokubonakalayo ukuthi iyiphi indawo esigcina kuyo izimpahla zalolu hlobo, bese ukhetha indawo lapho futhi uyithathe, uyibeke, ubhale phansi lokho esikubeka khona. Manje sesimise imizila yokubeka yomkhiqizo ngamunye ngokuya nge-topology. Siyazi ukuthi imuphi umkhiqizo okufanele ungene kuyiphi indawo futhi kuyiphi iseli, siyazi ukuthi mangaki amaseli angeziwe okufanele ahlale eduze uma makhulu kakhulu. Umuntu usondela kuphalethi futhi ayiskene nge-SSCC esebenzisa i-TSD. Isikena siyabonisa: βYise ku-A101-0001-002.β Bese eluyisa lapho bese ebhala lokho akubeke lapho, ahlohle isithwebuli kwikhodi khona lapho. Isistimu ihlola ukuthi yonke into ilungile futhi iyakuphawula. Asikho isidingo sokubhala noma yini.
Lokhu kuphetha ingxenye yokuqala yokusebenza nomkhiqizo. Khona-ke isitolo sesilungele ukuyithatha esitolo. Futhi lokhu kubangela inqubo elandelayo, ozakwethu bomnyango wokuthenga abazokutshela kangcono ngayo.
Ngakho-ke, ohlelweni, isitoko sibuyekezwa ngesikhathi i-oda lamukelwe. Futhi isitokisi seseli okwamanje i-pallet ibekwe kuyo. Okusho ukuthi, sihlala sazi ukuthi zingaki izimpahla eziphelele endaweni yokugcina impahla nokuthi umkhiqizo ngamunye ukuphi.
Ukugeleza okuningi kusebenza ngokuqondile kuma-hubs (izindawo zokugcina izimpahla zesifunda) ngoba sinabahlinzeki bendawo abaningi esifundeni ngasinye. Kungcono kakhulu ukufaka ama-air conditioners afanayo avela eVoronezh hhayi endaweni yokugcina impahla, kodwa ngokuqondile kuma-hubs wendawo, uma lokhu kushesha.
Ukuhlehla kwemfucuza nakho kwenziwa kahle kancane: uma izimpahla ziphambana, umphakeli angakwazi ukuyithatha endaweni yokugcina impahla eMoscow. Uma iphutha lembulwa ngemuva kokuvula iphakheji yezokuthutha (futhi kwakungacacile ngaphandle, okungukuthi, kwakungelona iphutha labasebenzi bezokuthutha), khona-ke kunezindawo zokubuyisela esitolo ngasinye. Isici singathunyelwa esitolo sombuso, noma singanikezwa umphakeli ngokuqondile esitolo. Okwesibili kwenzeka kaningi.
Enye inqubo manje edinga ukuthuthukiswa ukucutshungulwa kwezimpahla zesizini ezingathengiswa. Iqiniso liwukuthi sinezinkathi ezimbili ezibalulekile zonyaka: Unyaka Omusha kanye nesikhathi sokulima. Okusho ukuthi, ngo-January sithola izihlahla zokwenziwa ezingathengiswa kanye nezimbali esikhungweni sokusabalalisa, futhi ebusika sithola imishini yokugunda utshani nezinye izimpahla zonyaka okudingeka zigcinwe uma zisinda ngomunye unyaka. Ngokombono, sidinga ukuwathengisa ngokuphelele ekupheleni kwesizini noma siwanika omunye umuntu, futhi singawadonseli emuva endaweni yokugcina izinto - lena ingxenye lapho esingakafiki khona.
Phakathi neminyaka emihlanu, sehlise isikhathi sokwamukela izimpahla (ukwethula umshini) izikhathi ezine futhi sasheshisa inani lezinye izinqubo, eseziphelele ezithuthukise inzuzo ye-cross-docking ngaphezu kwesigamu. Umsebenzi wethu ukwenza kahle ukuze kwehliswe i-inventory futhi hhayi "ukuqandisa" imali esitolo. Futhi benze kwaba nokwenzeka ukuba izitolo zithole izimpahla ezizidinga kancane kancane ngesikhathi.
Ezinqubweni ze-warehouse, intuthuko enkulu bekuwukwenza okuzenzakalelayo lokho obekuyiphepha, ukususa izinyathelo ezingadingekile ohlelweni ngokusebenzisa imishini kanye nezinqubo ezimiswe kahle, nokuxhuma zonke izinhlelo ze-IT zenkampani zibe yinto eyodwa ukuze i-oda evela ku-ERP ( isb. isitolo sishoda ngokuthile eshalofini lesithathu kwesokunxele) ekugcineni siphenduke izenzo ezithile kusistimu yokugcina impahla, uku-oda izinto zokuhamba, njalo njalo. Manje ukwenza kahle kumayelana nalezo zinqubo esingakafiki kuzo, kanye nezibalo zokubikezela. Okusho ukuthi, inkathi yokuqaliswa okusheshayo isiphelile, senze lawo 30% omsebenzi onikeze u-60% womphumela, bese sidinga ukumboza kancane kancane okunye. Noma thuthela kwezinye izindawo uma kungenziwa okwengeziwe lapho.
Hhayi-ke, uma ubala ezihlahleni ezisindisiwe, kusho ukuthi ukushintshwa kwabahlinzeki baye kumaphothali e-EDI nakho kunikeze okuningi. Manje cishe bonke abahlinzeki abafoni noma baxhumane nomphathi, kodwa babheka ama-oda ku-akhawunti yabo yomuntu siqu, baqinisekise futhi balethe izimpahla. Noma nini lapho kungenzeka, siyenqaba iphepha; kusukela ngo-2014, u-98% wabahlinzeki sebevele basebenzise ukuphathwa kwemibhalo ye-elekthronikhi. Sekukonke, lezi yizihlahla ezingu-3 ezilondolozwe ngonyaka ngokungadingeki ukuphrinta wonke amaphepha adingekayo. Kodwa lokhu akucabangeli ukushisa okuvela kubaprosesa, kodwa futhi ngaphandle kokucabangela isikhathi sokusebenza esilondoloziwe sabantu abafana nabaphathi abafanayo ocingweni.
Eminyakeni emihlanu, saba nezitolo eziningi ngokuphindwe kane, amadokhumenti ahlukene aphindwe kathathu, futhi ukube bekungeyona i-EDI, besizoba nabalingisi bamabhuku ngokuphindwe kathathu.
Asigcini lapho futhi siyaqhubeka nokuxhuma imilayezo emisha ku-EDI, abahlinzeki abasha ekuphathweni kwemibhalo ye-elekthronikhi.
Ngonyaka odlule savula isikhungo esikhulu kunazo zonke sokusabalalisa eYurophu - izinkulungwane ezingu-140 sq. m - futhi usethe ukuwenza ngomshini. Ngizokhuluma ngalokhu kwesinye isihloko.
Source: www.habr.com